sedimentary rock pics with info

8/4/2019 Sedimentary Rock Pics With Info

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Conglomerate

Detrital

Clastic texture

Pebbles and granules cemented together



Oolitic Chert

Oolitic texture

Ooids are chemically precipitated balls of CaCO3 (calcite)

This rock was originally an oolitic limestone, but the calcite has been replaced by silica.



Coquina (a type of limestone)

Biochemical

Shell fragments cemented together.



Chalk (a type of limestone)

Biochemical

Loosely-cemented microscopic hard parts of plankton



Tufa (a type of limestone)

Chemically precipitated

This rock is often precipitated out around freshwater springs that are

saturated with dissolved calcite.



Arkose Sandstone

Clastic texture

This is a feldspar-rich sandstone. Since feldspars generally alter into clays in the

presence of water, this rock implies deposition in an arid environment.



Shale

Clastic texture

This is the most abundant of all sedimentary rocks. Shale in a “fissile”

mudstone.



Quartz Sandstone

Clastic texture

Iron oxide cement gives this sandstone its rusty red coloration. The quartz grains

are so heavily coated with iron oxide it is difficult to see the quartz.



Chert (also called flint)

Chemically or biochemically-precipitated

Chert is microcrystalline silica (quartz). It is very hard and smooth often breaking withconchoidal fracture. This rock was used to make arrowheads and knives by NativeAmericans and others.



Graywacke Sandstone

Clastic texture

This rock is a mixture of sand and mud.



Micrite (a type of limestone)


This rock is comprised of microcrystalline calcite.



Travertine (a variety of limestone)

Chemically-precipitated

This is a “banded” limestone often seen in the form of cave formations

such as dripstones and flowstones.



Rock Gypsum


This is a variety of gypsum called alabaster. This rock is often associated

with evaporating bodies of water.



Bituminous Coal

This rock is derived from plant debris that collects in an anoxic environment such as a

swamp. This material originally forms peat, but upon further burial peat is transformed into

lignite coal, lignite into subituminous coal, subituminous into bituminous coal, and in the

realm of metamorphism bituminous is transformed into anthracite coal.



Claystone

Clastic texture

This clay-rich rock has some “gritty’ sand particles, but is predominantly

clay. Wet the rock and feel how it turns gooey.



Quartz Sandstone

Clastic texture

This rock is a well-cemented fine-grained sandstone.



Dolomite

Crystalline texture

This rock is similar to limestone, but rather than being comprised of the mineral calcite

(CaCO3), dolostone is comprised of the mineral dolomite (Ca Mg (CO3)2. This rock will

react with 10% HCl if you crush it to a powder.



Rock Salt


This is the mineral halite. It is most often associated with the

evaporation of a body of water.



Breccia

Clastic texture

This rock has a lot of angular gravel (granules and pebbles). The angular nature of the

particles suggests these pieces of gravel never traveled far from the rock they broke off of.



Micrite (a variety of limestone)

Chemcially or biochemically-precipitated

The dark color of this rock is unusual for a limestone. It is most likely the

result of organic matter mixed in with the microcrystalline calcite.



Chert (also know as flint)


Chert is microcrystalline silica (quartz). It is very hard and smooth often breaking with

conchoidal fracture. This rock was used to make arrowheads and knives by Native

Americans and others.



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sedimentary rock pics with info

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