seeing and knowing: understanding rock art with and without ethnography
TRANSCRIPT
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8/7/2019 Seeing and Knowing: Understanding Rock Art With and Without Ethnography
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8/7/2019 Seeing and Knowing: Understanding Rock Art With and Without Ethnography
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"Lj{hy![hllh`ay # Ne{yeo 4666(/ Kzjyyjy b`sj ieaj
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8/7/2019 Seeing and Knowing: Understanding Rock Art With and Without Ethnography
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`on keoj ho v`yyhok c`ybheoy esjt ~bj nji`njy `y
`tib`jelekhy~y b`sj y~tzkkljn {h~b teim `t~ ctea
~e~jahya ~e yxav`~bj~hi a`khi ~e jy~bj~hi yjlc!jogex!
ajo~ ~e n`hlx o`tt`~hsj ~e y~tzi~zt`lhya, d`im ~e
~e~jahya "Geojy 083;( on ye eo ho {`x ~b`~ khsjy
oe ieochnjoij ~b`~ ~bj vtjyjo~ c`ybheo {hll dj aetj
~b`o v`yyhok vb`yj, et jsjo ~b`~ moe{ljnkj iizaz!l`~jy, dzhlnhok `on jr~jonhok ctea y~`kj ~e y~`kj/ Hnj`y
yjja gzy~ ~e clh~ `dez~, eoj yeaj~hajy vevzl`t `on eoj
yeaj~hajy oe~, {h~bho azib ~bj y`aj ljsjl ec ojijy!
y`tx hkoet`oij/ @o hoclzjo~h`l ~jr~deem vzdlhybjn ho
Jokl`on `~ ~bj y~`t~ ec ~b`~ ~t`oycetahok Yez~b @cthi`o
nji`nj, Vj~jt Zime on @ontj Teyjocjlny V`l`jelh~bhi
I`sj @t~"083;(, yztsjxjn ~beyj s`thezy hnj`y `dez~
Jztevj`o teim `t~y aj`ohok {bhib b`n djjo et ~bjo
{jtj s`thezylx ho sekzj/ H~ ybe{jn {jll be{ a`ox on
c`~`l {jtj ~bjht {j`mojyyjy, dz~ ~b`~ ~jr~deem {`y tj~!
hijo~ {bjo h~ i`aj ~e tjieaajonhok {bjtj ` dj~~jt
{`x cet{`tn ahkb~ dj cezon/ @o hoclzjo~h`l ieaajo!~`~et ~en`x hoyhy~y ~b`~ ~bj aj`ohok ec oihjo~ t~ azy~
`l{`xy dj zomoe{`dlj7 k`wj `on kzjyy hy ~bj djy~ {j
i`o ne, `on yhoij kzjyyjy a`mj oe zyjczl moe{ljnkj,
{j ne djy~ gzy~ ~e k`wj/
H~ hy l`tkjlx ~btezkb ~bj {etm ec N`shn Lj{hy!
[hllh`ay `on bhy iellj`kzjy `~ ~bhy ~haj ~b`~ Y`o teim
`t~ b`y ieaj ~e dj zonjty~een ye {jll, `y ` ieavljr
yxadelhi `on aj~`vbethi tjvtjyjo~`~heo ec Y`o tjlh!
khezy djlhjcy on vt`i~hijy/ @y ib`v~jty ho ~bhy selzaj
`imoe{ljnkj, yjaho`l ~e ~bhy jo~jtvthyj {`y Lj{hy!
[hllh`ay VbN ~bjyhy, Djlhjshok `on Yjjhok7 @o
Ho~jtvtj~`~heo ec Yxadelhi Aj`ohoky ho Yez~bjto Y`oTeim V`ho~hoky/ Ieavlj~jn ho 08;; `on ~bjo vzd!
lhybjn dx @i`njahi Vtjyy, Leoneo, ho 0820, Djlhjshok
`on Yjjhok{`y ` l`ona`tm dji`zyj h~ javlexjn Y`o
j~boekt`vbx ho etnjt ~e ~j`yj ez~ ~bj yja`o~hi yvji!
~tza ec mjx Y`o yxadely, chty~ {h~bho ~bjht th~z`l lhcj,
~bjo {h~bho ~bjht teim `t~ ho ~{e `tj`y {h~bho ~bj
Nt`mjoydjtk Aezo~`hoy/ Djlhjshok `on Yjjhokhy ctj!
pzjo~lx tjajadjtjn oe{ `y ~bj {etm {bhib vjtyz`!
yhsjlx `tkzjn ~b`~ Nt`mjoydjtk Y`o teim `t~ hy
jyyjo~h`llx yb`a`ohy~hi ho o`~ztj/ H~ `i~z`llx nhn yeaj!
~bhok t`~bjt nhccjtjo~ ho hnjo~hcxhok Y`o teim `t~ `y
tjcjtthok ~e ~bj azl~hvlhih~x ec Y`o th~z`ly, ec {bhib
~bj ijo~t`l yb`a`ohi izthok n`oij {`y eolx eoj/
Ho ~bhy deem njnhi`~jn ~e N`shn, {j ajo~heo bhy
mjx telj dz~ oe~ ~beyj ec e~bjty ho `ox nj~`hl, yeaj ec
{bea `tj ~bjayjlsjy ieo~thdz~ety ~e ~bhy deem/
Hoy~j`n, {j veho~ ~e ~bj havet~`oij ec ~bj Yez~b
@cthi`o jr`avlj y dj`ieo ho ~b`~ n`tmojyy ec klee
{bhib yjjy ~bj aj`ohok ec teim `t~ `y zomoe{`dl
`on ~bjtjcetj ~bj {belj jo~jtvthyj ec y~znxhok h~
vjta`ojo~lx y~zim/ Hc aj`ohok i`o dj moe{o ho Yez
@cthi` `on hy moe{o, ~bjo vjtb`vy h~ i`o dj `o
ybezln dj moe{o jlyj{bjtj5 Vjtb`vy ~bj v`t~hizl
`vvte`ibjy ~b`~ yjjajn ~e {etm ho Yez~b @cthi` iez{etm ho e~bjt vl`ijy7 {b`~, cet jr`avlj, hc ~bj ktj
a`ox selzajy ec j~boekt`vbx cet ~bj @ajthi`o [j
nhlhkjo~lx vzdlhybjn a`ox nji`njy `ke `on oe{ l`o
kzhybhok eo ~bj lhdt`tx ybjlsjy, `i~z`llx vtjyjtsjn j~b
oebhy~ethi tjietny vjt~hojo~ ~e teim t~, tjietny {bhi
iezln eccjt ` tez~j ~e hoyhkb~ `y ~bj Dljjm `on Llex
"0800( tjietny ne cet ~bj Y`o5 [b`~ hc ~bj moe{ljnk
ec O`~hsj @ajthi`oy ~en`x, `on ~bjht e{o tj`i~heo
~e teim t~, k`sj ilzjy ~e oihjo~ aj`ohoky gzy~ y ~b
moe{ljnkj on th~z`l ec Y`o vjevlj ~en`x, vjevlj {b
ne oe~ ~bjayjlsjy v`ho~ teim `t~, k`sj hoyhkb~ ho~e ~b
yez~bjto @cthi`o ha`kjy5 [b`~ hc ~bj hieoekt`vbjljajo~y tjiekohyjn `y nhy~hoi~hsj ho Yez~b @cthi` b`
v`t`lljly ho ~bj @ajthi`o [jy~5 @on {b`~ hc, jsj
{bjtj ~bj yvjihchiy ec ~bj Yez~b @cthi`o jr`av
yjjajn ljyy j`yx ~e celle{, ~bj yziijyy ec ~bj jo~j
vthyj joiezt`kjn ~bj ve~jo~h`l ev~hahy~ ~e djlhjsj ~b
dx yjjhok ~bj teim t~ ho ~bj thkb~ mhony ec {`xy, {b`
jsjt ~beyj ahkb~ dj ho `ox eoj tjkheo, `i~z`l tjyj`ti
vtektjyy ahkb~ dj a`nj ho `tj`y ec tjyj`tib {bj
klza vjyyhahya {`y ~bj b`dh~5
Teim t~ tjyj`tib hy oe~ ieochojn dzyhojyy/ Ho v`
`lljl {h~b njsjlevhok tjyj`tib ho Yez~b @cthi`, ~bj
b`y djjo azib `i~hsh~x `on havet~`o~ oj{ {etm e~bjt tjkheoy/ Yeaj~hajy, jyvjih`llx ho @zy~t`lh` {h~
h~y `y~eohybhoklx thib hoyhkb~y ctea j~boekt`vb
tjietny on ieo~javet`tx @dethkho`l moe{ljnkj "j/
L`x~eo 0884= Ib`lezvm` 0889= Nethok 4666(, ~b
b`y v`t`lljljn `ns`oijy ho Yez~b @cthi`/ @on, `c~jt ~e
leok vjthen {bjo teim t~ tjyj`tib ho Oet~b @ajth
b`y djjo a`tkho`l, h~ hy t`vhnlx `ns`oihok ~bjtj/
^bj nz`L j^boekt`vbhI!ojzte!vyxIbeLekhI`L `vvte`Ib7 ^ il~l c ~ ~ ili
H~ {`y ho ~bj l`~jt 0826y ~b`~ Yez~b @cthi`o ho~jtvt
~`~heoy ec Y`o t~ djk`o ~e ieoijo~t`~j eo yb`a`ohya
^bjtj {jtj ~{e tj`yeoy cet ~bhy/ Chty~, `y tjyj`tibj
y~znhjn ha`kjtx c`t~bjt on c`t~bjt chjln, de~b {h~b
4 YjjHoK @oN MoE[HoK
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8/7/2019 Seeing and Knowing: Understanding Rock Art With and Without Ethnography
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~bj Nt`mjoydjtk on djxeon, h~ dji`aj vv`tjo~ ~b`~
sjtx cj{ ha`kjy iezln dj ieoshoihoklx tjl`~jn ~e
e~bjt th~z`l yvji~y ec Y`o lhcj= xj~ a`ox jshnjo~lx ieo!
ijtojn ~bjht yb`a`ohi djlhjcy `on vt`i~hijy/ Yjieon,
tjyj`tibjty dji`aj `{`tj ec ~bj ojztevyxibelekhi`l
tjyj`tib vjt~`hohok ~e ha`kjtx jrvjthjoijn ho l~jtjn
y~`~jy ec ieoyihezyojyy/ ^bhy k`sj ~bja ` czt~bjtho~jtvtj~`~hsj ~eel cet zonjty~`onhok ~bj a`ox dhw`ttj
ha`kjy ho ~bj t~ ~b`~, ~ chty~ kl`oij, ahkb~ oe~ vvj`t
nhtji~lx jrvlhi`dlj dx j~boekt`vbx/
Esjt ~bj ieztyj ec ~bj l`y~ ~{e nji`njy, ~bhy nz`l
j~boekt`vbhi!ojztevyxibelekhi`l `vvte`ib b`y
`ibhjsjn {hnj `iijv~`oij `y ~bj aey~ vtenzi~hsj {`x
ec `o`lxyhok Y`o teim `t~7 h~ b`y djieaj ~bj il`yyhi
`vvte`ib/ b`~ ~bj il`yyhi vvte`ib ieo~hozjy ~e xhjln
vtenzi~hsj tjyzl~y hy {jll njaeoy~t`~jn dx Ysjo
Ezwa`oy ieo~thdz~heo ~e ~bhy selzaj "ib`v~jt 4(/
Bj nt`{y eo j~boekt`vbhi a`~jth`l ctea de~b 08~b!
`on 46~b!ijo~ztx Y`o ~e jrvletj ~bj ho~thkzhok vey!yhdhlh~x ~b`~ ijt~`ho ijljy~h`l jsjo~y {jtj tjietnjn ho
Y`o `t~/ Ho ieo~t`y~ ~e ~bj a`ox nhyizyyheoy ec
`oihjo~ `y~teoeax, bj nejy oe~ `tkzj ~b`~ ~bj
ha`kjy `i~jn `y ` i`ljon`t= hoy~j`n, bj ybe{y be{ ~bj
Y`o vjtijhsjn ~bjyj ijljy~h`l vbjoeajo` ho ` aetj
yxadelhi a`oojt/
Jshnjo~ ho ib`v~jt 4 hy be{ ~bj il`yyhi `vvte`ib
ieoy~tzi~y o jrv`onhok denx ec moe{ljnkj/ Lhmj ll
yxy~jay ec aj`ohok, Y`o teim `t~ b`y y~teok ieoyhy!
~joihjy on tjizttjoijy/ Eoij ~bj yjoyj ec eoj yvji~
b`y djjo kt`yvjn, ~b`~ hoyhkb~ ho ~zto a`mjy veyyhdlj
hocjtjoijy dez~ e~bjty/ bht~x xj`ty yhoij ~bj il`yyhi`vvte`ib djk`o ~e tj`ib y~`dlj vteijnztj, h~ hy vey!
yhdlj ~e leem `~ ` zohpzj teim v`ho~hok, `~ ` njchojn
ktezv ec chkztjy oe~ vtjshezylx ~tj`~jn ~ekj~bjt, `~ `
v`ojl yitz~hohyjn aetj ~b`o eoij djcetj, `on ~e
`ns`oij ezt hoyhkb~ ho~e j`ib ec ~bja `y ~bjyj ib`v!
~jty yziijyyhsjlx ne/
jr^jonhok Djxeon ^bj IL`yyhIy^xLj eC y^znx ho ^bj IL`yyhI `tj`
@l~bezkb Ezwa`oy ib`v~jt ilj`tlx njaeoy~t`~jy ~bj
ieo~hozjn s`lzj ec Y`o teim `t~ tjyj`tib `vvte`ibjn
ho ~bhy {`x, ~{e `yvji~y ec ~bj il`yyhi `vvte`ib `lye
vl`ij lhah~`~heoy eo {b`~ h~ i`o y`x/ @ll y~znhjy ~b`~
{etm ez~ ctea ` d`yhy ho bhy~ethi`l et j~boebhy~ethi
tjietny c`ij hyyzjy ec ~haj `on yv`ij/ Be{ c`t i`o
hoyhkb~ ctea ~b`~ tjietn dj vvlhjn y eoj aesjy `{`x
ho yv`ij `on ho ~haj ctea ~bj yvjihchi yeztij5 ^bj
`iiezo~y ec {b`~ ~bj Yv`ohyb ieopzhy~`netjy joiezo!
~jtjn `y ~bjx y~etajn ~btezkb ~bj @onjy khsj nhtji~
hoyhkb~ ho~e ~bj Hoi` tj`la `~ ` ijt~`ho vl`ij `on ~haj
"`on zonjt ijt~`ho ihtizay~`oij(, dz~ ~bjo7 cet {b`~
nhy~`oij ho ~haj, ho yv`ij, ahkb~ ~beyj hoyhkb~y `vvlxdjcetj ~b`~ yjv`t`~heo aj`oy ~bj hoyhkb~y {j`mjo et
c`hl et hc y~hll njvjonjn eo ahylj`n5
^bj ethkho`l d`yjy cet j~boekt`vbhi hoyhkb~ ho~e Y`o
teim t~ {jtj ~bj cj{ nhtji~ tjcjtjoijy ~e v`ho~hok, on
~bj selzahoezy tjvet~hok ec Y`o moe{ljnkj ec `ll
mhony ~b`~ {`y tjietnjn esjt ~bj nji`njy, jyvjih`llx
~bj Dljjm on Llexn iellji~heo ieavhljn ho ~bj 02;6y,
vlzy ~bj j~boekt`vbhi tjvet~ `on `o~btevelekhi`l
`o`lxyjy ieoijtohok Y`o vjevlj ho ~bj M`l`b`th Njyjt~
ho sjtx tjijo~ xj`ty "cet `o esjtshj{, yjj D`to`tn
0884(/ ^bj y~teok ieoyhy~joix cezon dj~{jjo ~bjyj
s`thezy yeztijy "Lj{hy![hllh`ay # Dhjyjlj 08;2( {`yh~yjlc ktezony cet ~bhomhok ~b`~ Y`o moe{ljnkj {`y
c`htlx y~`dlj esjt yv`ij `on ~haj/ Dz~ ~bjtj ilj`tlx
azy~, ~ yeaj nhy~`oij, dj lhah~7 ~bhy ieoyhy~joix i`o!
oe~ jr~jon honjchoh~jlx ho yv`ij et ho ~haj/
Yez~bjto @cthi`o teim `t~, lhmj teim `t~ ec aey~
mhony `on ho aey~ tjkheoy, hy nhcchizl~ ~e n`~j/
Njsjlevhok tjl`~hsj ibteoelekhjy hy vtedlja`~hi
dji`zyj yzvjtveyh~heo yjpzjoijy b`sj djjo ybe{o ~e
dj `o `i~hsj vtenzi~ ec aj`ohok ieoy~tzi~heo t`~bjt
~b`o v`yyhsj tjietn ec ib`okjy ~btezkb ~haj "Lj{hy!
[hllh`ay 08;>(= `leok {h~b ~bhy, ` ya`ll ozadjt ec
`dyelz~j n`~jy aj`oy ~b`~ {j ne oe~ xj~ ilj`tlx zonjt!y~`on ib`okj ho ~bj `t~ jsjo `~ ` yvjihchi lei`~heo et
{h~bho ` ya`ll tjkheo/ ^bhy hy ~bj ieaaeo y~etx cet
teim `t~ jsjtx{bjtj ho ~bj {etln/ Yhoij ~bj teim `t~
hy oe~ ilj`tlx vl`ijn ho ~haj, `o `vvte`ib hy joiezt!
`kjn et hy jsjo hojyi`v`dlj {bhib nejy oe~ ijo~tj
eo ib`okj ho ~haj/ Eoj i`o joshy`kj ~b`~, hc y~teoklx
y~tzi~ztjn ibteoelekx nejy jajtkj, ezt moe{ljnkj
ec Y`o teim t~ {hll dj jothibjn dx yeaj kt`yv ec be{
"`on ~bjo vjtb`vy ec {bx( h~ b`y ib`okjn/
^bj il`yyhi `vvte`ib {`y hoclzjoijn aetj dx
yeih`l `o~btevelekhi`l ~bjetx, v`t~hizl`tlx ~bj yxa!
delhi `o~btevelekx ec Shi~et ^ztojt, ~b`o dx ~bj izl!
~ztj ib`okj ~b`~ tib`jelekhy~y ho yez~bjto @cthi` on
~bj tjy~ ec ~bj {etln ieoijo~t`~jn eo ho ~bj 08;6y/
^bhy yet~ ec `o~btevelekhi`l ~bhomhok {`y, honjjn,
ith~hihyjn dx bhy~eth`oy cet vl`xhok ne{o ~bj havet!
~`oij ec ~javet`l ib`okj `laey~ yzyvjonhok `
Teim `t~ {h~b `n {h~bez~ ~bekt`vbx
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v`t~hizl`t vjevlj y hc chrjn ho ~haj/ Ojsjt~bjljyy, ~bj
il`yyhi `vvte`ib nejy oe~ nenkj et nhyahyy ~bj hnj`
ec ib`okj ho ~bj `t~/ ^bj yzyvjoyheo ec ibteoelekx
ho ~bj il`yyhi jccet~y ljn ~e ` dte`n!d`yjn ho~jtvtj~`!
~hsj ct`aj{etm/ Ho h~y aey~ czon`ajo~`l cetazl`~heo
h~ celle{y ~bjo, khsjo ~bj yeztijy s`hl`dlj ~e zy, ~b`~
{j i`o y`x {h~b s`txhok ieochnjoij njvjonhok eo~bj v`t~hizl`t ha`kj on eo ~bj s`hl`dlj j~boekt`vbhi
`on ojztelekhi`l jshnjoij ~b`~ ~ yeaj veho~ ho ~haj
`on cet yeaj Y`o vjevlj, `~ lj`y~, ~bj ha`kj hy lhmjlx
~e b`sj i`tthjn ~bhy `on%et ~b`~ aj`ohok/ ^bj ha`kj
a`x lye b`sj b`n e~bjt aj`ohoky, et ~beyj aj`ohoky
a`x b`sj ib`okjn ~btezkb ~haj/ [b`~ ~beyj e~bjt
aj`ohoky {jtj on be{ ~bjx ib`okjn tj a`~~jty lye
~e dj njaeoy~t`~jn/
Ileyjlx tjl`~jn ~e ~bjyj hyyzjy ec yjv`t`~heo ho ~haj
hy ~bj yjieon lhah~`~heo ec ~bj il`yyhi `vvte`ib be{
h~ {hll nj`l {h~b nhy~`oij `on yjv`t`~heo ho vbxyhi`l
yv`ij/ Aeshok ez~ ctea ~bj ethkho`l y~znx `tj` ho ~bjNt`mjoydjtk Aezo~`hoy ec yez~b!j`y~ Yez~b @cthi` on
Ljye~be, i`o yhahl`t ho~jtvtj~`~hsj ct`aj{etm dj c`htlx
`vvlhjn ~e e~bjt teim `t~ ha`kjy ho {hnjlx yi`~~jtjn
tjkheoy ho yez~bjtoaey~ `on ho ljyy yez~bjtoaey~
@cthi`5 Hc h~ i`o dj, ~bjo be{ c`t ho yv`ij i`o h~ ke5
Whad`d{j5 O`ahdh`5 e ~bj W`adjwh5 Djxeon on zv
ho~e J`y~ @cthi`5 Hy h~ c`oihczl et `dyztn ~e tjajadjt
~bj thibojyy ec ~b`~ e~bjt ktj`~ weoj ec @cthi`o teim
`t~, ho ~bj Y`b`t`5 Zyhok ~bj jy~`dlhybjn ~eely ec
j~boekt`vbx `on ojztevyxibelekx njsjlevjn ho ~bj
il`yyhi vvte`ib, aetj on aetj v`ho~jn ha`kjy iezln
dj on b`sj djjo ho~jtvtj~jn y yb`a`ohi ho o`~ztj/ "@i`yj hy jsjo djhok a`nj ~b`~ bzo~jt!k`~bjtjt teim `t~
ho ~bj kjojt`lh~x {bjtjsjt h~ hy ho vl`ij `on ~haj
{hll tjl`~j ~e yb`a`ohi jrvjthjoij ]Vj`tyeo 4664Q/( Ec
ieztyj ~bjyj jccet~y, ho `lle{hok tjyj`tibjty ~e yjj
aj`ohokczl yhahl`th~hjy ho ~bj `t~ `iteyy yv`ij, a`ymjn
s`th`~heo `on nhsjtkjoij, yhoij tjkheo`l nhccjtjoijy
{jtj yzdetnho`~jn ~e dte`n!d`yjn kjojt`l aj`ohoky/
^en`x, aey~ yez~bjto @cthi`o tjyj`tibjty {ezln
`imoe{ljnkj ~b`~ ~bj il`yyhi vvte`ib y yzib i`o eolx
dj vvlhjn ~e teim t~ yez~b ec ~bj W`adjwh Thsjt, on
~bjtj eolx ~e Y`o teim t~= ~bj e~bjt tjkheo`l ~t`nh~heoy,
yzib `y ~bj yez~bjto @cthi`o bjtnjt `on c`tajt teim
`t~y, tjpzhtj ` nhccjtjo~ `vvte`ib/
^bjtj {`y `oe~bjt yjv`t`~heo ~e dj dthnkjn `lye,
ho ~bj ~jibohpzjy ec ~bj teim t~/ [bhlj imoe{ljnk!
hok ~b`~ h~ {`y v`t~ ec ~bj y`aj yxy~ja ec yb`a`ohi
djlhjcy `on vt`i~hijy, ~bj il`yyhi `vvte`ib t`tjlx
`~~jav~jn ~e ho~jtvtj~ yez~bjto @cthi`y s`y~ denx
teim jokt`shoky `leokyhnj ~bj v`ho~hoky/ Eolx ho ~b
j`tlx 0886y yeaj 0: xj`ty c~jt ~bj hoh~h`l tjselz~he
nhn ~bj chty~ a`get y~znx ec teim jokt`shoky ~e z
j~boekt`vbhi on ojztevyxibelekhi`l jshnjoij vvj
"Ne{yeo 0884= yzdyjpzjo~lx j/k/ Aetthy
Dj`zaeo~ 088>= Ezwa`o 0883(= `on ~bj jokt`sj~t`nh~heo tja`hoy `o zonjty~znhjn ieaveojo~
yez~bjto @cthi`y teim t~ bjth~`kj/
Ib`v~jty 9 ~e 3 vzyb ez~ ho ~bjyj tjyj`tib nhtj
~heoy djxeon ~bj il`yyhi `vvte`ib, jr~jonhok `vvlhi
~heo ec ~bj j~boekt`vbhi jshnjoij/ De~b N`shn Aett
`on Ohibel`y [`lmjt leem `~ jokt`shoky t`~bjt ~b`o
v`ho~hoky/ Aetthy "ib`v~jt 9( ~`mjy ` il`yyhi `vvte`i
~e ho~jtvtj~hok teim jokt`shoky `~ Nthjmevyjhl`on, ~b
jr~t`etnho`tx `on c`aezy yh~j ~e {bhib ~bjtj
yvjihchi tjcjtjoij ho j~boebhy~ethi `iiezo~y ctea ~b
02;6y/ [`lmjt "ib`v~jt >( jr~jony j~boekt`vbh
d`yjn {etm ~e izvzljy ~bj lh~~lj belle{y vjimjn e~e yztc`ijy ~b`~ `tj cezon ho ` yietj ec @cthi`o iez
~thjy `on, ho y~`t~lhoklx yhahl`t cetay, ho `tib`
@zy~t`lh` `aeoky~ e~bjt vl`ijy {h~b ` y~znx cte
~bj ^yenhle Bhlly, oet~bjto De~y{`o`, ` aesj `lye
yv`ij ctea ~bj il`yyhi y~znx tj`/
Ib`v~jty : `on 3 aesj njihnjnlx oet~b ho yv`i
ctea ~bj il`yyhi `tj`/ Jn{`tn J`y~{een, Kje
Dlzonjll on Djog`aho Yah~b "ib`v~jt :( ieoyhnjt ~b
`t~ ec ~bj ijo~t`l Lhaveve D`yho, ~bj M`l`b`th cthokj
ybe{hok be{ h~ nhccjty ieoyhnjt`dlx ctea ~bj v`ho
hoky ec ~bj Nt`mjoydjtk ~bj tj` ec ceizy ec ~bj il`
yhi `vvte`ib `on be{ ~bj teim `t~ ec nhccjtjovjevljy hy cezon ~bjtj/ Haekjoj Lha "ib`v~jt 3
jrvletjy ~bj zyj ec j~boekt`vbx ho J`y~ @cthi`
y~znxhok teim `t~ ec ~bj Y`on`{j, ` ilhim!yvj`mho
vjevlj ho `ow`oh` {be tj vv`tjo~lx oe~ e~bjt{h
tjl`~jn ~e ~bj Mbej!Y`o vjevlj ec Yez~b @cthi`/
^bjyj oj{ tjyj`tib ho~jtjy~y b`sj evjojn on {
evjo ` ozadjt ec ho~jtjy~hok `on havet~`o~ pzj
~heoy, yeaj ec {bhib i`o dj `oy{jtjn {bhlj e~bj
tja`ho jlzyhsj/ @lye ~e dj czt~bjt njsjlevjn `o
bjtj ~bj tja`hohok 00 ib`v~jty ho ~bhy selzaj `tj tj
js`o~ `tj y~znhjy ho e~bjt teim `t~ tjkheoy ec ~b
{etln {bjtj s`th`~heo on ieoy~`oix i`o dj edyjtsj
`on jrvletjn `iteyy nhy~`oijy de~b ho yv`ij `on
~haj, `leokyhnj ~beyj cj{ tjkheoy yzib `y ~tevhi
oet~b @zy~t`lh`, {bjtj {j b`sj tj`yeo`dlx ilj`t vh
~ztj `ltj`nx "yjj j/k/ Ib`lezvm` 0889(/ @ chty~!t`
tjijo~ jr`avlj hy ~bj njchoh~heo `on nhyjo~`oklhok
> YjjHoK @oN MoE[HoK
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8/7/2019 Seeing and Knowing: Understanding Rock Art With and Without Ethnography
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~bj nhsjtyj `on s`thjn `t~ y~xljy `on ~t`nh~heoy ec ~bj
Oet~b @ajthi`o Ktj`~ Vl`hoy ho choj oj{ y~znhjy ec
~bj dte`n tjkheo dx Mjxyjt `on Ml`yyjoy Vl`hoy
Honh`o Teim @t~"4660(, `on ec `o `tj` {h~bho h~ dx
Ct`oihy `on Lejonetcy @oihjo~ Shyheoy7 Vj~teklxvby
`on Vhi~ekt`vby ec ~bj [hon Thsjt `on Dhkbeto
Iezo~tx, [xeahok `on Aeo~`o` "4664(/ ^bhy {hllevjo evvet~zoh~hjy ~e leem cet, `on vjtb`vy ~e chon,
yeaj tjvj`~jn v`~~jtoy `iteyy sjtx yjv`t`~j tjkheo`l
~t`nh~heoy, `on ye djkho ~e dzhln ` kjojt`l aenjl cet
be{ teim `t~ s`thjy ho yv`ij `on ho ~haj/
Ctea yez^b `CthI` ^e ^bj {etLn,Ctea hoCetajn aj^beny ^eCeta`L aj^beny
@ y~`on`tn `on o`~zt`l cj`~ztj ec `tib`jelekhi`l {etm
hy h~y tjkheo`l ceizy7 ~bj y~`t~hok veho~ ec yxy~ja`~himoe{ljnkj hy ~bj a`~jth`l jshnjoij ho kjekt`vbhi`llx
dezonjn zoh~/ Dz~ `leokyhnj ~b`~ hy ho~jtjy~ ho iea!
aeo ~bjajy {bhib zoh~j yi`~~jtjn `tj`y, `on ho iea!
aeo tjyj`tib vvte`ibjy {bhib eoij njsjlevjn et
vtesjo ho eoj tjkheo `tj tj`nx ~e `nntjyy a`~ibhok
vtedljay jlyj{bjtj/ Aetj ~b`o aey~ ~evhiy {h~bho
`tib`jelekx, teim `t~ b`y djjo y~znhjn ~ee azib
{h~bho tjkheo`l ct`aj{etm/ Njyvh~j ~bj hyel`~heo ec
Yez~b @cthi` ho ~bj `v`t~bjhn jt`,0 `on ~bj d`tthjt ec
nhy~`oij ~b`~ yjv`t`~jy yez~bjto @cthi` ctea v`t~y ec
~bj {etln ~b`~ tj yjjo y ijo~t`l, nhy~hoi~hsj jljajo~
ho N`shny {etm `on ho ~b`~ ec ~beyj {be b`sj lj`to~ctea bha jh~bjt celle{y ~bj aj~benelekx jy~`dlhybjn
dx ~bj il`yyhi vvte`ib ho yez~bjto @cthi` on vvlhjy
h~ jlyj{bjtj et, ho ` ljyy yvjihchi {`x, gzavy ~bj
tjkheo`l d`tthjt/4 Ho Oet~b @ajthi` `on jlyj{bjtj,
thib j~boekt`vbhi ieo~jr~y eccjt oj{ `on ve{jtczl
hoyhkb~y ho~e ~bj teim `t~ eoij ~bj vjt~hojoij hy
`imoe{ljnkjn ec ~bj j~boebhy~ethi tjietny `on ec
ieo~javet`tx honhkjoezy zonjty~`onhoky/
Ho e~bjt vl`ijy, be{jsjt, yv`tyj tjietny et ~bj oeo!
jrhy~joij ec j~boekt`vbhi tjietny a`mj ho~jtvtj~`~hsj
jrjtihyjy c`t aetj nhcchizl~/ ^bjtj {j azy~ ~zto aetj
ctea ~bj hocetajn aj~beny {bhib j~boekt`vbhi
hoyhkb~ eccjty ~e{`tny ~bj ceta`l aj~beny, ~beyj ~b`~
nj`l {h~b ~bj a`~jth`l jshnjoij ~e dj cezon ho ~bj
ha`kjy ~bjayjlsjy `on ~bjht `tib`jelekhi`l ieo~jr~y
"^`eo # Ibhvvhon`lj 0882(/ Ib`v~jty ;, 2, 8 `on
06 aesj ez~yhnj yez~bjto @cthi` ~e s`thjn e~bjt
tjkheoy/ N`shn [bh~ljx "ib`v~jt ;( `on L`{tjoij
Lejonetc "ib`v~jt 2( nt`{ eo thib j~boekt`vbhi a`~j!
th`l ~e eccjt ho~jtvtj~`~heoy ec Oet~b @ajthi`o teim
`t~ {bhib jibe, ho ~bjht njsjlevajo~ ec hocetajn
aj~beny, ~bj Yez~b @cthi`o jrvjthjoij/ G`oohj
Lezdyjt "ib`v~jt 8(, {etmhok ho Ajrhie, zyjy ~bj
y~t`~hkt`vbhi `o`lx~hi`l ~jibohpzj ec B`tthy a`~thijy`leokyhnj j~boekt`vbhi a`~jth`l ho bhy `o`lxyhy ec teim
v`ho~hoky ho D`g` I`lhcetoh`/ Moz~ Bjlymek "ib`v~jt
06(, {etmhok ho oet~bjtoaey~ Jztevj, `o `tj` {bjtj
~bj tjl`~heoybhv dj~{jjo ~bj j~boekt`vbhi tjietn `on
~bj teim `t~ hy oe~ xj~ {jll zonjty~een, hosjy~hk`~jy
Yi`onho`sh`o teim jokt`shoky= bj ybe{y be{ ` iea!
dho`~heo ec j~boekt`vbhi a`~jth`l `on ` ceta`l
`vvte`ib i`o vtenzij ieoshoihok ho~jtvtj~`~heoy/
zonjty^`onhok teIm `t^7 hc
~, cl ~, ~c~
^bj `vvlhi`~heo ec a`~ibhok `vvte`ibjy ~e vtedljay
ye dte`nlx yjv`t`~jn ~`mjy zy ~e ~bj hyyzjy yeaj~hajy
~bezkb~ ec `y djhok ~e ne {h~b yxy~ja`~hiy dz~ ho
~tz~b dj~~jt on iettji~lx i`lljn zohcetah~`th`o hyyzjy/9
@tib`jelekhy~y ~txhok ~e a`mj yjoyj ec ~bj v`y~ ne ye
dx vl`ihok h~ ho yeaj tjl`~heo ~e ~bj vtjyjo~ cet h~ hy
eolx ~bj vtjyjo~ ~e {bhib {j b`sj `ox nhtji~ `iijyy
`on ec {bhib {j i`o b`sj nhtji~ moe{ljnkj/ @y yeeo
`y {j y`x ec yeaj `oihjo~ ~bhok, ^bhy hy `o `t~jc`i~
et ^bhy hy ` teim v`ho~hok, {j a`mj `o edyjts`~heotjvet~hok {b`~ b`vvjojn ho ~bj v`y~ dx ~bj v`t`lljl ec
~b`~ a`~jth`l edgji~ {h~b {b`~ {j moe{ ec ~bj vtjyjo~/
Ye `ll hyyzjy ec `tib`jelekhi`l zonjty~`onhok b`sj ~e
ne {h~b {b`~ ~bj Shi~eth`oy i`lljn zohcetah~`th`ohya
`on h~y ijo~t`l v`t`ner7 {j i`o zonjty~`on `on a`mj
yjoyj ec ~bj v`y~ dx h~y y`ajojyy, ~e ~bj jr~jo~ ~b`~ h~
a`~ibjy {b`~ {j edyjtsj ho ~bj vtjyjo~, dz~ ` a`ho
tj`yeo {j `tj ho~jtjy~jn ho ~bj v`y~, jyvjih`llx ~bj
tjae~j `on e~bjt v`y~, hy ~b`~ h~ ybe{y et a`x ybe{
ktj`~ et czon`ajo~`l nhccjtjoij/
@vvlxhok aj~beny njsjlevjn ho eoj tjkheo et cet
eoj ~xvj ec a`~jth`l et {h~b ` ijt~`ho yeztij ec yeih`l
moe{ljnkj ~e e~bjt tjkheoy et a`~jth`ly et yeih`l ieo!
~jr~y t`hyjy havet~`o~ pzjy~heoy ec ~bhy zohcetah~`th`o
mhon yeaj ec ~bja `dez~ be{ {j zonjty~`on
aj`ohok ho ~bj t~, dez~ ~bj yeih`l telj ec ~bj ha`kjy,
`on `dez~ be{ {j leem `~ ~bj ha`kjy ~bjayjlsjy/
Teim `t~ {h~b `n {h~bez~ ~bekt`vbx
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8/7/2019 Seeing and Knowing: Understanding Rock Art With and Without Ethnography
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Ho ~bj ojr~ ib`v~jty yjthjy ec mjx ~bjetj~hi l hyyzjy
tjl`~hok ~e zohcetah~`th`ohya `tj hosjy~hk`~jn/ Gj`o
Ile~~jy "ib`v~jt 00( ybe{y be{ zonjty~`onhoky `on
hoyhkb~y ctea yez~bjto @cthi`o {etm ib`okjn ~bj {`x
ho {bhib Jztevj`o tjyj`tibjty leemjn `~ Zvvjt
V`l`jelh~bhi ha`kjy, `y h~ ybe{jn ~bja ~bj l`tkj yhkohc!
hi`oij ec `yvji~y oe~ ~bezkb~ ieoyjpzjo~h`l/ AjkIeomjx "ib`v~jt 04(, `lye {etmhok eo ~bj Zvvjt
V`l`jelh~bhi, yztsjxy ~bj s`thezy ~bjetj~hi`l vvte`ibjy
~b`~ b`sj djjo javlexjn esjt ~bj nji`njy ~e ho~jtvtj~
~bj ha`kjtx `on vz~ cet{`tn yeaj ~bhomhok y~thoky
~b`~ ahkb~ jothib be{ {j ~bhom `dez~ ~bj `t~ `on be{
{j ahkb~ dj~~jt zonjty~`on h~/ Aetj tjijo~ ho ~haj `tj
~bj l`~jt vtjbhy~ethi teim jokt`shoky ctea Yi`onho`sh`,
v`t~ ec ~bj Ojelh~bhi on l`~jt tjkheo`l ~t`nh~heo ec teim
`t~ ho Jztevj {beyj aj`ohok yjjay jsjo b`tnjt ~e hocjt
~b`o ~b`~ ec ~bj azib elnjt V`l`jelh~bhi i`sjy/ Ijo~thok
eo ijljdt`~jn yh~j ho {jy~jto Oet{`x, Js` [`lnjtb`zk
Y~jtyn`l "ib`v~jt 09( lhomy y~znx `on zonjty~`onhokeo ~b`~ ieln on t`hox ie`y~ ~e y~znx `on zonjty~`onhok
ho yez~bjto @cthi`, ho yj`tib ec {`xy ~e a`mj dj~~jt
yjoyj ec ~b`~ aey~ ho~t`i~`dlj oet~bjto ha`kjtx/
V`~thih` Shoohieadj {`y eoj ec ~bj `tibh~ji~y ec ~bj
ethkho`l teim `t~ tjselz~heo ho yez~bjto @cthi`/ Ybj nhjn
ho A`tib 4669 `c~jt yzdah~~hok ` ib`v~jt cet vzdlhi`!
~heo ho ~bhy selzaj/ Bjt Vjevlj ec ~bj Jl`on"08;3( hy
~bj ~{ho ~e N`shny Djlhjshok on Yjjhok/ @y~eohybhoklx,
~bjx {etmjn ~ azib ~bj y`aj ~haj ho ileyj!dx tjkheoy,
xj~ l`tkjlx honjvjonjo~lx ec j`ib e~bjt/ [bhlj N`shn
tja`hojn ho yez~bjto @cthi`, Shoohieadj aesjn ho
08;; ~e @zy~t`lh`, {bjtj @dethkho`l vjevlj y~hll v`ho~`on i`tsj ~bj teimy/ Ho ib`v~jt 0> ybj dthoky bjt
@zy~t`lh`o jrvjthjoij ~e ` ieoyhnjt`~heo ec be{ Y`o
teim `t~ hy vjtijhsjn `on ~bezkb~ `dez~/
^bj cho`l ~btjj ib`v~jty nj`l {h~b ib`okj `on h~y
ieoyjpzjoijy7 ~bj ib`okhok yeih`l ahlhjz ec ~bj teim
`t~hy~y, ~bj tjl`~heoybhv ec ~bjht njyijon`o~y `on tjl`!
~heoy ho ` ieo~javet`tx {etln ~e ~bj `t~, `on ~bj telj
ec ~bj ha`kjy ho ` ib`okhok {etln/ ^etj Y~jtyn`l
"ib`v~jt 0:( leemy `~ vjtijv~heoy ec teim `t~ ho
A`ohi` Vteshoij, Aew`adhpzj/ Bhy tjyj`tib ieoijo!
~t`~jy eo vjevlj {be b`sj oe tjiekohy`dlx nhtji~ tjl`!
~heoybhv dx ieo~hozezy izl~zt`l njyijo~ {h~b ~bj teim
`t~ dz~ {be ojsjt~bjljyy tjk`tn ~bj t~ y havet~`o~/
Gzlhj Ct`oihy `on L`{tjoij Lejonetc "ib`v~jt 03(
jrvletj ~bj ib`okhok yb`vj ec Oet~b @ajthi`o
`tib`jelekx, yjjhok be{ h~ b`y `on b`y oe~ zyjn ~bj
ve~jo~h`l ec et`l ~t`nh~heo, ec j~boekt`vbx, `on ~bj
yvjih`l ib`t`i~jt ec ~bj teim `t~ jshnjoij/ ^bj ieo
ilznhok ib`v~jt dx Ojhl Vthij "ib`v~jt 0;( tj~ztoy
~bj hyyzj ec ib`okj ho ~haj `on `iteyy yv`ij `on ieo
yhnjty ~bj jr~jo~ ~e {bhib {j i`o zyj ~bj tjijo
j~boekt`vbhjy ec yb`a`ohya ho ezt y~znhjy ec `oihjo
teim `t~/ ^bj pzjy~heoy bj veyjy `on ~bj `oy{jty b
vteshnjy lhj `~ ~bj ietj ec ~bj aj~benelekhi`l hyyz`nntjyyjn ho ~bhy selzaj `on yvj`m ~e ~bj kled`l tj
js`oij ec ~bj tjyj`tib ec N`shn Lj{hy![hllh`ay/
^bhy Deem
^bhy deem h~yjlc, ec ieztyj, hy yzdgji~ ~e ~bj ~t`oyceta
hok vteijyy {bhib ib`okjy `ll bza`o ~bhoky/ [j b`s
jo~h~ljn h~ Yjjhok `on Moe{hok ho jibe ec N`shn
Djlhjshok `on Yjjhokec yeaj 96 xj`ty `ke {j y
yjjhok `k`ho dji`zyj leemhok `~ teim `t~ hy, `on {
`l{`xy dj, ijo~t`l, `on ~bjo {b`~ hy yjjo {bjo bza`jxjy `on ahony leem= {j y`x moe{hok ho tjiekoh~he
~b`~, dx bhy {etm `on dx bhy jr`avlj, {j oe{ moe{
lh~~lj aetj ~b`o {j moj{ djcetj/ Jsjo ye, `y N`s
{ezln dj ~bj chty~ ~e y`x, {j y~hll moe{ eolx sjtx lh~~l
^bhy selzaj hy njnhi`~jn ~e N`shn Lj{hy![hllh`a
`on ~bj vteav~ ~e h~y {th~hok {`y N`shny tj~htjajo
ctea bhy vtecjyyetybhv `~ ~bj Zohsjtyh~x ec ~b
[h~{`~jtyt`on "[h~y, y a`ox ec zy moe{ h~(/ Bhy b
djjo ` lhah~jn tj~htjajo~/ Bj b`y b`n oe aetj ~j`ib
hok nz~hjy, oet edlhk`~heoy ~e evjo ~beyj dte{
josjlevjy ctea ijo~t`l zohsjtyh~x dztj`zit`ix/ Hoy~j`
`~ l`y~, bj b`y djjo `dlj `k`ho ~e ieoijo~t`~j etjyj`tib `on {th~hok, `on eo ~bj aetj `ktjj`dlj te
ec `i~hok `y ajo~et `on kzhnj ~e xezokjt y~znjo~y
~bj Teim @t~ Tjyj`tib Hoy~h~z~j/ Havet~`o~ vzdlhi
~heoy ib`yj j`ib e~bjt ecc bhy njym7 ` oj{ selzaj e
Y`o ~`ljy ctea ~bj Dljjm `on Llexn tjietny, Y~eth
~b`~ Cle`~ ctea @c`t7 @oihjo~ %R`a Y`o Celmle
"Lj{hy![hllh`ay 4666(= ~bj djy~!yjllhok o`lx~hi`l yxo
~bjyhy ec ~bj aj`ohok ec Jztevj`o i`sj `t~, ^bj Aho
ho ~bj I`sj7 Jrvlethok Ieoyihezyojyy `on Vtjbhy~et
@t~ "Lj{hy![hllh`ay 4664d(= ` deem ec bhy a`ge
v`vjty, oe~ gzy~ ieavhljn ho~e yhoklj selzaj dz~ l
tj!~bezkb~ `on ho~jkt`~jn ho~e ` oj{ tj`njt ec b
hnj`y, @ Ieyaey ho Y~eoj7 Ho~jtvtj~hok Tjlhkheo `o
Yeihj~x ^btezkb Teim @t~ "Lj{hy![hllh`ay 4664`
Ha`kjy ec Axy~jtx7 Teim @t~ ec ~bj Nt`mjoydjtk"Lj{h
[hllh`ay 4669(, {eonjtczllx hllzy~t`~jn {h~b a`o
vbe~ekt`vby on bhy chty~ deem ho xj`ty eoij aetj
3 YjjHoK @oN MoE[HoK
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ieoyhnjt ~bj teim `t~ ec ~bj Nt`mjoydjtk= y`kj ~thimy
ec ~bj ~t`nj yj~ ez~ cet y~znjo~y ho Dzhlnhok o Jyy`x7
@ Vt`i~hi`l Kzhnj cet Y~znjo~y"Lj{hy![hllh`ay
466>(= Y`o Yvhth~z`lh~x7 Tee~y, Jrvtjyyheoy `on Yeih`l
Ieoyjpzjoijy"Lj{hy![hllh`ay # Vj`tij 466>(, {bhib
vteshnjy yxo~bjyhy ec tjyj`tib ho~e ;6 666- xj`ty ec
`t~!a`tmhok ho yez~bjto @cthi`= `on bhy aey~ tjijo~
deemy, Hoyhnj ~bj Ojelh~bhi Ahon`on Ieoijhshok Ken,
{bhib ieo~hozj ~bj Ahon ho ~bj I`sjy~etx, celle{hok
~bj bhy~etx ec Jztevj`o ieyaelekx `on yxadelhya
ho~e j`tlx c`tahok `on ~bjo Ibthy~h`o ~hajy "Lj{hy!
[hllh`ay # Vj`tij 466:= Lj{hy![hllh`ay 4606( ~e
ajo~heo gzy~ ~bj tjijo~ czll!ljok~b deemy/
Eo ~bj eii`yheo ec N`shny tj~htjajo~, ` ijljdt`!
~etx ieocjtjoij {`y bjln `~ Keznthshjt C`ta ho ~bj
[`~jtdjtk, eo 404> @vthl 4666 "Chkztj 0/4(/ H~ {`y
` ~bthllhok eii`yheo, ijljdt`~etx ho h~y leemhok cet{`tn
aetj ~b`o d`im{`tn, `oe~bjt djkhoohok t`~bjt ~b`o
`o jon/ Aey~ ec ~bj ib`v~jty ho ~bhy deem {jtj khsjo
ho chty~ ceta `~ ~b`~ ajj~hok, on b`sj djjo tjshyjn
Teim `t~ {h~b `n {h~bez~ ~bekt`vbx
Chkztj 0/4 @~ ~b ildt`~etx iecti, Keznthsht C`ta, [`~tdtk, oet~bt Vteshi, 49 @vthl 4666/
Y~`onhok, ctea ljc~7 G`h Lezdyt, A`tizy V~ty, Gtax Bella`, N`shn V`ti, ohl Vthi, Mz~ Blymek, Yhx`mb` Akzh,
Ibthy~evbt Ibhvvhn`l, N`shn L{hy![hllh`ay, Kbhlt` L`z, ^et Y~tyn`l, ohl L, V~t @aa`, K`dthl ^lb`vh, Ys Ezwa`,V`zl n Ben, Gzlh Ct`ihy, Y`a Ib`llhy/ Yj`~jn et mojjlhok, ctea ljc~7 Kecc Dlznll, L`ttx Lenetc, D Yah~b, @whwe Ceyi`,
Haek Lha, G`~~ N`ie, V`~~x D`yy, Gzy~h Elecyye, Il`ht N`, Ge` n Gekb, V`~ Shhiead, Ak Iemx/
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8/7/2019 Seeing and Knowing: Understanding Rock Art With and Without Ethnography
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`on jol`tkjn cet vzdlhi`~heo/ Yeaj {jtj `nnjn dx
iellj`kzjy zo`dlj ~e `~~jon/ Ho `oe~bjt, ljyy!vtjyyjn,
`kj, ~bhy selzaj {ezln dj ` Cjy~yibthc~, ` deem ec
jyy`xy {bhib ho ` yvhth~ ec ieat`njlx bea`kj {ezln
ijljdt`~j `o beoeztjn `on yjohet iellj`kzj ho nhsjtyj
{`xy/ ^bhy selzaj hy aetj ceizyjn, be{jsjt, {h~b `
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8/7/2019 Seeing and Knowing: Understanding Rock Art With and Without Ethnography
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Oe~jy
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