SeeleyEssentials of Anatomy and Physiology

6th Edition

Chapter 2

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Question 1

The smallest particle of an element that has the chemical characteristics of that element is a(n)

A. atom.

B. proton.

C. neutron.

D. electron.

E. molecule.

Question 2

The atomic number of an element is equal to the number of

A. protons in each atom.

B. electrons in each atom.

C. neutrons in each atom.

D. both a and b

Question 3

Most of the volume of an atom is occupied by

A. electrons.

B. neutrons.

C. protons.

Question 4

The chemical behavior of an atom is determined largely by

A. its number of protons.

B. its outermost electrons.

C. the size of the electron cloud.

D. its mass.

E. its weight.

Question 5

The symbol Na+ indicates that a sodium atom has

A. gained an electron.

B. gained a proton.

C. gained a neutron.

D. lost an electron.

E. lost a proton.

Question 6

When Na+ and Cl- are attracted to each other, a(n) _______ bond is formed.

A. covalent

B. hydrogen

C. ionic

D. polar covalent

Question 7

The weak attraction between two water molecules is called a(n)

A. covalent bond.

B. hydrogen bond.

C. electrical bond.

D. ionic bond.

E. polar covalent bond.

Question 8

Which of these is a NOT a compound?

A. H2O

B. H2

C. NaCl

D. NO2

E. C6H12O6

Question 9

When two or more reactants combine to form a larger, more complex product, the process is called a(n)

A. decomposition reaction.

B. synthesis reaction.

C. exchange reaction.

D. reversible reaction.

Question 10

In which of these types of reactions does an equilibrium occur?

A. decomposition reaction

B. synthesis reaction

C. exchange reaction

D. reversible reaction

Question 11

If the number of hydrogen ions in a solution is increased, the

A. solution becomes more acidic.

B. solution becomes more alkaline (basic).

C. pH of the solution will be increased.

D. solution is a buffer.

Question 12

Which of these is NOT an important characteristic of water for living organisms?

A. produces CO2 in the body

B. cushions and lubricates

C. dissolves molecules to allow chemical reactions

D. transports molecules

E. stabilizes body temperature

Question 13

Which of these is a monosaccharide?

A. sucrose

B. starch

C. glycogen

D. glucose

E. cellulose

Question 14

The building blocks for proteins are

A. amino acids.

B. fatty acids and glycerol.

C. monosaccharides.

D. disaccharides.

E. nucleic acids.

Question 15

Enzymes

A. are always composed of monosaccharides.

B. function by lowering the activation energy for a reaction.

C. can control many different reactions.

D. generally decrease the rate of chemical reactions.

E. are destroyed during the reaction they catalyze.

Question 16

Four elements compose about 96% of the weight of the body. Which of these elements is NOT part of those four?

A. carbon

B. nitrogen

C. phosphorus

D. oxygen

E. hydrogen

Question 17

Energy is defined as

A. the simplest type of matter with unique chemical properties.

B. anything that occupies space and has mass.

C. the amount of matter in an object.

D. the capacity to do work.

E. the smallest particle of an element that has the chemical characteristics of that element.

Question 18

The rate of a chemical reaction can be influenced by all of the following EXCEPT:

A. catalysts

B. temperature

C. reactants

D. concentration

E. products

Question 19

An acidic solution

A. has an equal number of H+ and OH-.

B. has a greater number of H+ than OH-.

C. has a greater number of OH- than H+.

D. has a pH of 7.0.

E. has a pH greater than 7.0.

Question 20

The four major groups of organic molecules essential to living organisms are

A. adenosine triphosphates, proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids.

B. adenosine triphosphates, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.

C. adenosine triphosphates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids.

D. proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids.

Answer Key

1. A2. D3. A4. B5. D6. C7. B8. B9. B10. D

11. A12. A13. D14. A15. B16. C17. D18. E19. B20. D