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C9121-03 Issue 4.1

60059552 November 2018

SEG Awards ABC Level 3

Certificate in

Hydrotherapy for Small

Animals

Qualification Guidance

[60059552]

About Us At the Skills and Education SEG Awards (ABC)1 we continually

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This document may be copied by approved centres for the purpose of assessing learners. It may also be copied by learners for their own

use.

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organisation and part of the Skills and Education Group. Any reference to ABC Awards, its registered

address, company or charity number should be deemed to mean the Skills and Education Group

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Contents

Qualification Summary 1

Introduction 4

Aims 4

Target Group 4

Progression Opportunities 4

Unit Details 6

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL), Exemption and Credit

Transfer

85

Certification 86

Glossary of Terms 87

This is a live document and as such will be updated when required.

It is the responsibility of the approved centre to ensure the most

up-to-date version of the Qualification Guide is in use. Any

amendments will be published on our website and centres are

encouraged to check this site regularly.

1

Qualification Summary

ABC Awards Level 3 Certificate in Hydrotherapy for Small

Animals

Qualification

Level 3 Certificate in Hydrotherapy for Small Animals – 600/5955/2

Regulated The qualification identified above is regulated by

Ofqual

Assessment Internal assessment, internal and external

moderation

Grading Pass

Operational Start

Date 01/09/2012

Review Date 31/12/2018

Operational End Date 31/08/2019

Certification End Date 31/12/2019

ABC Sector Landbased / Environmental

Ofqual SSA Sector 3.3 Animal Care and Veterinary Science

Support from sector

bodies Lantra, the SSC for the Landbased Sector

ABC Administering

Office See ABC web site

2

Level 3 Certificate in Hydrotherapy for Small Animals

Rules of Combination: Learners must achieve a minimum of 29

credits from the 10 mandatory units.

Unit Level Credit

Value

GLH

Mandatory Units

Introduction to hydrotherapy for small animals

[T/504/1180] 3 4 25

Management of medical conditions in

hydrotherapy for small animals [A/504/1181] 3 2 10

Management of common orthopaedic and

neurological conditions in hydrotherapy for

small animals [J/504/1183]

3 3 18

Small animal first aid for hydrotherapists

[L/507/5173] 3 3 18

Administering hydrotherapy treatment to small

animals [Y/507/5175] 3 3 25

Assessing and checking an animal’s suitability

for hydrotherapy treatment [Y/504/1186] 3 3 25

Anatomy and physiology for small animal

hydrotherapy [R/507/5174] 3 4 30

Water management for small animal

hydrotherapy

[K/504/1189]

3 3 20

Professional practice and Multi Disciplinary

Team working for hydrotherapists

[D/507/5176]

3 2 10

The principles of small animal hydrotherapy

[H/504/1191] 3 2 10

Numbers in box brackets indicate unit number

If learners achieve credits from units of the same title (or linked titles) at

more than one level, they cannot count credits achieved from both units

towards the credit target of a qualification

Qualification

Purpose E Updating and continuing professional competence

Entry

Requirements

This is for learners who already have experience of

working with small animals in an employed or voluntary

capacity in roles such as animal care assistant or

veterinary nurse and who wish to build on their existing

3

knowledge and skills to understand the benefits that

hydrotherapy can have for small animals with a number

of conditions, and learn how to administer hydrotherapy

to them.

Centres are required to recruit with integrity on the

basis of a learner’s ability to contribute to and

successfully complete all the requirements of a

unit/s or the full qualification.

Section 96/97 Pre 16 16 – 18 19 +

LARA Aim

Reference 60059552

Recommended

GLH2 175

Recommended

TQT3 290

Credit Value 29

Points Score See ABC web site / Qualifications Directory

Contribution to

Threshold See ABC Qualifications Directory

ASL Option N/A

Foundation

Learning N/A

Type of Funding

Available See LARA (Learning Aims Reference Application)

Minimum

Qualification Fee See ABC web site for current fees and charges

Unit Fee

Unit fees are based upon a unit’s individual credit

value. Please see the ABC web site for the current

fee charged per credit

Additional

Information

Please see ABC web site for qualifications that are

eligible for Credit Transfer/RPL/Exemption

This could also include information about Technical

Certificates/Apprenticeships

2 See Glossary of Terms 3 See Glossary of Terms

4

Introduction

This revised qualification is designed for learners who already have

experience of working with small animals in an employed or

voluntary capacity in roles such as animal care assistant or

veterinary nurse and who wish to build on their existing knowledge

and skills to understand the benefits that hydrotherapy can have for

small animals with a number of conditions, and learn how to

administer hydrotherapy to them.

Aims

This revised qualification aims to provide an extended core of

knowledge and skills at Level 3 to prepare those successfully

achieving the qualification to safely work in hydrotherapy. It is a

rigorous qualification with a blend of knowledge and theory.

Target Group

This qualification is designed for those learners who are aged 19+.

This is considered to be an appropriate age as the qualification is

designed for learners who already have experience of working with

small animals in an employed or voluntary capacity.

ABC expects approved centres to recruit with integrity on the

basis of a learner’s ability to contribute to and successfully

complete all the requirements of a unit(s) or the full qualification.

Progression Opportunities

Learners who successfully complete the Level 3 Certificate will be

able to continue in further education and training related to this

area of expertise.

This qualification is a component of the membership requirements

for professional bodies within the sector.

5

Centres should be aware that Reasonable Adjustments which may

be permitted for assessment may in some instances limit a learner’s

progression into the sector. Centres must, therefore, inform

learners of any limits their learning difficulty may impose on future

progression.

Language

These specifications and associated assessment materials are in

English only.

6

Unit Details

7

Introduction to Hydrotherapy for Small Animals

Unit Reference

T/504/1180

Level

3

Credit Value

4

Guided Learning

Hours

25

Unit Summary

This unit provides learners with an introduction to

small animal hydrotherapy.

The unit is not intended to provide learners with

the level of skill and competence required to

administer hydrotherapy treatments and learners

should not engage in any manipulation techniques

unless qualified to do so. It is imperative that at

all times learners act within their area of

professional competence and personal limitations.

Learning Outcomes

(1 to 6)

The learner will

Assessment Criteria

(1.1 to 6.2)

The learner can

1. Understand what is

meant by

‘hydrotherapy’

1.1 Define ‘hydrotherapy’

1.2 Explain how the key properties of water

interact with a patient

1.3 Explain the intended effects of hydrotherapy

treatments

2. Know about the

different types of

hydrotherapy

equipment

2.1 Identify the main facilities and equipment used

in hydrotherapy treatment

2.2 Compare and contrast the effects of different

types of hydrotherapy equipment on the patient

8

2.3 Summarise the purpose of this equipment as

part of a hydrotherapy session

3. Understand

conditions which are

suitable for

hydrotherapy

treatment

3.1 Identify six conditions that are commonly

referred for hydrotherapy treatment

3.2 Explain the difference between a precaution

and a contra-indication

3.3 Identify three precautions to hydrotherapy

treatment

3.4 Identify three contra-indications to

hydrotherapy treatment

3.5 Assess the risk presented by proceeding with

hydrotherapy treatment when there is a specific

contra-indication present

4. Understand the

referral process

4.1 Explain what is meant by ‘referral’

4.2 Identify key current UK legislation applicable

to the referral process

4.3 Explain the implications for the hydrotherapist

of the current UK legislative framework

5. Understand the

professional duties of

a hydrotherapist

5.1 Explain the hydrotherapist’s duty of care to the

patient

5.2 Explain what is meant by working ethically and

professionally as a hydrotherapist.

5.3 Explain the role of the hydrotherapist within

the multi-disciplinary team (MDT)

9

6. Understand Health

and Safety

responsibilities as a

hydrotherapist

6.1 Explain how current UK health and safety

legislation and regulation impacts upon the

activities of the hydrotherapy practice and

practitioners

6.2 Demonstrate how to undertake a risk

assessment within a hydrotherapy setting

10

Supporting Unit Information

T/504/1180 Introduction to hydrotherapy for small animals

– Level 3

Indicative Content

Learning Outcome 1. Understand what is meant by ‘hydrotherapy’

Hydrotherapy = ‘Any healing in water’, controlled exercise in water, non

weight bearing or controlled weight bearing, low impact, to have

therapeutic benefits the water must be maintained between 28 – 30

degrees C, sanitised.

Properties of water to include:

specific gravity (for understanding of, and comparing, of effects on patients

with higher vs. lower specific gravity. E.g. obese versus well muscled),

resistance, viscosity, cohesion, turbulence, hydrostatic pressure and

buoyancy, how each interacts with the patient during hydrotherapy.

Intended effects of hydrotherapy treatment to include:

circulatory benefits, improved cardio-vascular fitness, relief from pain,

reduction of swelling and stiffness, increased mental stimulation, muscle

strength and range of motion, joint mobilisation and improved gait pattern,

prevention of secondary complications, improved quality of life.

Learning Outcome 2. Know about the different types of

hydrotherapy equipment

Learners need to be made aware of up to date facilities and equipment

available within the industry.

Facilities to include hydrotherapy pool, hydrotherapy treadmill, spa bath,

hoist, showering and drying facilities.

Equipment to include assessment equipment, e.g. tape measure,

goniometer, stethoscope, weighing scales; life jackets, harnesses,

floatation devices e.g. physio balls, moon collars, therabands, aqua

noodles; stretcher, reliable and accurate water testing equipment and the

necessary chemicals to treat the water, PPE, wetsuit and personal water

proofing clothing.

11

Learners must compare and contrast at least 2 types of hydrotherapy

equipment and their effects on the patient.

To include:

Hydrotherapy pool – low impact, buoyancy to aid support, circulatory

benefits, improved cardio-vascular fitness, relief from pain, reduction of

swelling and stiffness, mental stimulation, muscle bulk, tone and strength,

range of motion, joint mobilisation, suitable for conditions where there are

serious mobility issues, application of additional floatation can be provided

easily.

Hydrotherapy treadmill – circulatory benefits dependent upon water fill

level, targets specific muscle groups and joints dependent upon water fill

level, improved gait pattern, improved cardio-vascular fitness, relief from

pain, reduction of swelling and stiffness dependent upon water fill level,

muscle bulk, tone and strength, range of motion, joint mobilisation.

Spa bath – pain relief, relaxation of muscle spasm, possible circulatory

benefits but cautions apply.

Learning Outcome 3. Understand conditions which are suitable for


Learners must identify 6 conditions which can include:

Musculo-skeletal e.g. hip and elbow dysplasia, cruciate ligament

disorders, patella luxation, osteo-arthritis;

Neurological e.g. CDRM/DM, paralysis, paresis, ataxia, spinal conditions

and surgeries;

Soft tissue injury (STI) e.g. strains, sprains, tendon, ligament and

muscle damage.

Learners to clearly state the difference between

a precaution = an awareness that the animal may need extra care or

observation or may not be suitable or benefit from a session of

hydrotherapy

a contraindication = an awareness that the animal is not a suitable

candidate for hydrotherapy treatment.

Precautions can include:

bitch in season, prescribed medication, time of session in regards to

medication, other conditions such as renal failure, diabetes, heart

complaints, epilepsy, Cushing’s or Addison’s disease, certain spinal

conditions, brachycephalic patients, certain chemotherapy agents.

12

Contra-indications can include:

vomiting, diarrhoea, indwelling catheters, external skeletal fixator, open

wounds, certain spinal conditions, certain chemotherapy agents.

Risk assessment of the contra-indications listed and the consequences of

proceeding with the hydrotherapy treatment. Refer to 3.4 for examples of

contra-indications.

Learning Outcome 4. Understand the referral process

All patients must be referred by a veterinary surgeon(s).

The hydrotherapy centre must receive a standard permission form or letter

signed by the patient's veterinary surgeon giving permission and stating

that the animal is suitable for hydrotherapy treatment.

Where possible a copy of the patient’s clinical history and copies of any

referral letters to the primary care veterinary surgeon should also be

obtained.

The referral process is a legal and ethical requirement and applies to all

patients receiving hydrotherapy treatment. Refer to 4.2 and 4.3.

Current relevant legislation to include: Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966,

RCVS Guide to Professional Conduct, Animal Welfare Act 2006 and

Hydrotherapy Industry Associations Codes of Conduct give hydrotherapists

a guide as to what legislation they are covered under. It is important

that the most current legislation is covered.

Hydrotherapists are required to act within the law and failure to obtain a

veterinary referral or permission to treat may leave them liable to

prosecution and/or loss of registration or membership of their relevant

Hydrotherapy Association.

Learning Outcome 5. Understand the professional duties of a

hydrotherapist

A ‘duty of care’ is in tort law and is a legal obligation imposed on an individual requiring that they adhere to a standard of reasonable care while

performing any acts (in this hydrotherapy treatment) that could foreseeably harm others. Learners must be aware of their limitations and

when they may become liable or negligent in their behaviour or acts they perform. Duty of care to a patient would also include ensuring that all

health and safety requirements are met along with adequately risk assessing and minimising risks. Refer to 6.1 and 6.2.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tort

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obligation

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_of_care

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reasonable_person

13

Hydrotherapists have a responsibility and duty of care towards the

patient(s) and owner(s) both ethically and legally. They must work within

their limitations as part of a larger MDT. Patient care and welfare should

always be the most important consideration. Codes of Conduct are

available from Hydrotherapy Associations. Refer to 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and 5.1.

Explain what a MDT is and who would be a part of it.

A hydrotherapist’s role is to provide hydrotherapy treatment only, to

patients working within their legal and professional limitations.

Consultation and effective communication within the MDT is essential as

part of the role of a hydrotherapist, e.g. veterinary referral, veterinary

feedback, discussion and seek advice when appropriate.

Learning Outcome 6. Understand Health and Safety responsibilities

as a hydrotherapist

Legislation that impacts hydrotherapists to include – current, relevant

legislation. Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, Emergency procedures,

Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) 2002, The Reporting

of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences (RIDDOR)1995, The

Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992, Waste (England and Wales)

Regulations 2011 and Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 (includes safety

testing of electrical appliances), Environmental Protection legislation.

Completion of a risk assessment within a hydrotherapy setting, this is a

practical activity. Risks identified could include for e.g. slippery surfaces,

chemical reactions, electrical faults, multiple patient swimming, injury

caused to hydrotherapist by patients such as bites, blows and scratches,

unsupervised children, aggressive clients. Learners should be aware of

how to minimise risks - e.g. following emergency protocols, wet floor signs,

adequate storage and handling of chemicals, one patient within the

hydrotherapy pool or aquatic treadmill at any one time, safe control of

patients within the hydrotherapy pool or hydrotherapy treadmill, children

to be supervised, client participation to normally be exclusive to poolside.

Clients should be limited to the surrounding area of the hydrotherapy

treadmill or pool and should not be involved in opening or closing doors or

operation of equipment. Consideration should be given to limiting the risk

of client injury or surrounding area of treadmill so that client injury is

limited and risk of liability to the hydrotherapy centre is reduced.

Some centres will operate a policy of one patient within the hydrotherapy

14

pool or aquatic treadmill at any one time to minimise risk and the impact

that may occur on the internal body responses occurring from increased

adrenaline in the potentially very sick patients being treated if more than

one patient is treated at any one time.

Other centres will allow more than one patient in hydrotherapy pool only if

the facility is large enough to accommodate this safely with no detrimental

effect on other patient's treatment or behaviour, with each patient under

the control of a minimum of one hydrotherapist (or more hydrotherapists if

required) within a hydrotherapy pool or aquatic treadmill. The nature of

the patient’s needs must be paramount and if there is any doubt,

one patient within the hydrotherapy pool or aquatic treadmill at

any one time should be the practice and many centres will adopt

this as a matter of course.

Regarding client participation:

Consideration should always be given to limiting the risk of client injury in

surrounding area of treadmill and pool so that risk of liability to the

hydrotherapy centre is reduced.

Many centres will restrict client participation exclusively to poolside with

client access limited to the surrounding area of the hydrotherapy treadmill

or pool. This is to ensure the health and safety of the client who is not

qualified or trained in protocols and emergency procedures. It is also

important that centres are aware of what is permissible to ensure

insurance is valid.

Clients should not be involved in opening or closing doors or operation of

any equipment.

All children must be supervised at all times.

Teaching Strategies And Learning Activities

This unit provides learners with an introduction to small animal

hydrotherapy.

The unit is not intended to provide learners with the level of skill and

competence required to administer hydrotherapy treatments and learners

should not engage in any manipulation techniques unless qualified to do

so. It is imperative that at all times learners act within their area of

15


There is quite a lot of theory in this unit which can either be taught or learners

could be given guided tasks to allow them to conduct their own research.

Appropriate support needs to be in place to enable learners to reach an

assessable standard in relation to conducting a risk assessment.

Centres should adopt a delivery approach which supports the development of

their particular learners. The aims and aspirations of all learners, including those

with identified special needs, including learning difficulties/disabilities, should be

considered and appropriate support mechanisms put in place.

Methods Of Assessment

This unit will be internally assessed, internally and externally moderated

via a learner’s portfolio and other related evidence, against the unit

outcomes and assessment criteria.

Minimum requirements when assessing this unit

ABC expects that staff will be appropriately qualified to assess learners

against the outcomes and criteria within the units. Generally teaching staff

should be qualified and/or vocationally experienced to at least a level

above that which they are teaching.

Evidence Of Achievement

All learners must compile a portfolio of evidence that shows achievement

of all the relevant learning outcomes and assessment criteria.

Evidence is not prescribed but may include any or all of the following*

oral / written questions and answers

reports / notes

worksheets / workbooks

recorded evidence (e.g. video or audio)

photographic evidence

case studies / assignments

other suitable supplementary evidence

16

interview / discussion

witness evidence in the form of observation reports, etc.

reflective journals/diaries

*The most appropriate evidence for the qualification should be used. This

is not an exhaustive list and other evidence is acceptable. Assessors may

use any method that is reliable, valid and fit for purpose.

All evidence must be clearly signposted to learning outcomes and

assessment criteria. ABC has Learner Achievement Checklists available for

use, or centres may wish to use their own recording mechanisms to plot

achievement against the requirements of the unit. All the evidence and

tracking documents must be made available for the external moderator

upon request. Assessors must only sign off units once all the requirements

of the unit are met.

Evidence should be varied, the learner’s own work and naturally generated

from the activities undertaken on the course. It must clearly demonstrate

how the learner has met the assessment criteria for the unit.

Photographic evidence, articles, handouts, etc. must be appropriately

annotated to clearly demonstrate the learner’s role and how it meets the

assessment criteria.

Witness and observation statements should contain the name and status of

the witness/observer and be signed and dated.

Group evidence is admissible where the individual learner’s role is properly

identified or described.

Portfolios do not need to be very large and must contain the

learners’ own work, not an abundance of tutor handouts.

Additional Information

All internal assessments must be accompanied by a signed Declaration of

Authenticity (this document is available on the ABC web site).

Learner Achievement Checklists are provided on the ABC web site for

17

learners/centres to track learner achievement evidence against Learning

Outcomes and Assessment Criteria.

Additional guidance for Delivering and Assessing ABC qualifications and

information about Internal Verification are also available on ABC’s web site.

Some are generally available others are only available to approved centres

through the use of a password issued to the centre.

18

Management of Medical Conditions in Hydrotherapy

for Small Animals

Unit Reference

A/504/1181

Level

3

Credit Value

2

Guided Learning

Hours

10

Unit Summary

In this unit, learners will explore how medical

conditions may impact on hydrotherapy

treatment. They will learn how to identify

common medical conditions and the

considerations for specific conditions.



diagnose medical conditions. It is imperative

that at all times learners act within their area of

professional competence and personal

limitations, seeking veterinary advice as

appropriate

Learning Outcomes

(1 to 3)

The learner will

Assessment Criteria

(1.1 to 3.1)

The learner can

1. Be able to recognise

the signs and symptoms

of common medical

conditions

1.1 Identify a minimum of four common medical

conditions experienced by dogs and / or cats

1.2 Describe the key presenting indicators of

four specified medical conditions in dogs

and/or cats

2. Know how to manage

animals with these

2.1 Explain what additional factors the

hydrotherapist should consider when

19

conditions

managing patients for four specified medical

conditions

2.2 Explain how to administer, monitor and

adapt a hydrotherapy programme for a dog /

cat with four specified medical conditions

2.3 Explain the importance of devising case

specific hydrotherapy programmes for

patients

3. Know the importance

of medical conditions of

patients for the

hydrotherapist

3.1 Explain why understanding medical

conditions in patients is important when

working as a hydrotherapist

20


A/504/1181 Management of medical conditions in

hydrotherapy for small animals – Level 3

Indicative Content

Learning Outcome 1. Be able to recognise the signs and symptoms

of common medical conditions

Learners need to identify at least 4 common medical conditions

experienced by dogs and / or cats.

These could include:

epilepsy, chronic renal failure, diabetes mellitis, vestibular syndrome,

hyperadrenocortism (Cushing’s disease), hypoadrenocortism (Addison’s

disease), immune-mediated conditions and cardiac disease.

Deliverers may wish to introduce learners to more than four

Learners need to describe the key presenting signs/symptoms of at least four of

these conditions in dogs and/or cats.

Learning Outcome 2. Know how to manage animals with these

conditions

Additional factors the hydrotherapist should consider when managing

patients for four specified medical conditions described in LO 1could

include:

type of condition, acute, chronic or degenerative in its nature, stage of the

condition, general condition of the patient, medications prescribed,

exercise patterns, circulatory or cardio-vascular condition and

compromised immunity and body response.

Learners need to know about administering, monitoring and adapting a

hydrotherapy programme for a dog / cat with four specified medical

conditions described in LO 1

They should recognise how their approach and management of the patient

and its condition would need to be an individually devised programme.

Importance of devising case specific hydrotherapy programmes for patients

= essential particularly when there are additional medical conditions to

take into account.

21

Learners could use specified examples of medical conditions or case

studies.

Learning Outcome 3. Know the importance of medical conditions of

patients for the hydrotherapist

Hydrotherapy programmes must be planned and implemented according to

the patient’s individual needs and the desired outcomes. Without an

understanding of common orthopaedic and neurological conditions

designing an effective plan would not be possible. An awareness of what

makes a hydrotherapy programme cater for individual needs.


In this unit, learners will explore how medical conditions may impact on

hydrotherapy treatment. They will learn how to identify common medical

conditions and the considerations for specific conditions.

The unit is predominantly a theory unit. It may be possible to relate some

delivery to case studies.


competence required to diagnose medical conditions. It is imperative that

at all times learners act within their area of professional competence and

personal limitations, seeking veterinary advice as appropriate.

Centres should adopt a delivery approach which supports the development

of their particular learners. The aims and aspirations of all learners,

including those with identified special needs, including learning

difficulties/disabilities, should be considered and appropriate support

mechanisms put in place.








22








reports / notes
























23


















24

Management of Common Orthopaedic and

Neurological Conditions in Hydrotherapy for Small

Animals

Unit Reference

J/504/1183

Level

3

Credit Value

3

Guided Learning

Hours

18

Unit Summary

In this unit, learners will explore how

hydrotherapy can help the treatment of a variety

of common orthopaedic and neurological

conditions that will be referred for hydrotherapy

treatment. They will learn how to identify

common orthopaedic and neurological conditions

and the correct procedures to administer

hydrotherapy for specific conditions.

It is imperative that at all times learners act

within their area of professional competence and

personal limitations, seeking veterinary advice

as appropriate.

Learning Outcomes

(1 to 5)

The learner will

Assessment Criteria

(1.1 to 5.1)

The learner can



of common orthopaedic

conditions

1.1 Identify a minimum of four common

orthopaedic conditions experienced by dogs and

/ or cats


four specified orthopaedic conditions in dogs

and/or cats

25



of common neurological

conditions

2.1 Identify a minimum of four common

neurological conditions experienced by dogs and

/ or cats


four specified neurological conditions in dogs

and/or cats


animals with common

orthopaedic conditions

3.1 Explain what factors the hydrotherapist

should consider when managing patients for two

specified common orthopaedic conditions


adapt a hydrotherapy programme for a dog / cat

with two specified common orthopaedic

conditions


animals with common

neurological conditions

4.1 Explain what additional factors the

hydrotherapist should consider when managing

patients for two specified common neurological

conditions


adapt a hydrotherapy programme for a dog / cat

with two specified common neurological

conditions


of common orthopaedic

and neurological

conditions of patients

for the hydrotherapist

5.1 Explain why understanding common

orthopaedic and neurological conditions in

patients is important when devising a

hydrotherapy programme

26


J/504/1183 Management of common orthopaedic and

neurological conditions in hydrotherapy for small animals –

Level 3

Indicative Content


of common orthopaedic conditions

Orthopaedic conditions could include four of the following: osteoarthritis,

hip and elbow dysplasia, luxating patella, cruciate ligament disorders,

fractures, Legg Calve Perthes disease, panosteitis.

Refer to 1.1 for common orthopaedic conditions and describe the key

presenting signs/symptoms of at least four.


of common neurological conditions

Neurological conditions could include four of the following: chronic

degenerative radiculomyelopathy (CDRM), intervertebral disc disease,

spondylosis, cervical malformation syndrome (wobblers syndrome),

fibrocartilaginous embolism.

Refer to 2.1 for common neurological conditions and describe the key

presenting signs/symptoms of at least four.

Learning Outcome 3. Know how to manage animals with common

orthopaedic conditions

Use two of the conditions described in 1.1. Factors the hydrotherapist

should consider when managing patients could include:

type of condition and type of surgery performed if applicable, acute,

chronic or degenerative in its nature, stage of the condition, general

condition of the patient, medications prescribed, exercise patterns,

assessment of pain, mobility, weight bearing.

Learners need know how to administer, monitor and adapt a hydrotherapy

programme for a dog / cat with two specified common orthopaedic

conditions

Use two of the conditions described in 1.1 and recognise how their

27

approach and management of the patient and its condition would need to

be an individually devised programme.

Learning Outcome 4. Know how to manage animals with common


Learners need to know what additional factors the hydrotherapist should

consider when managing patients for two specified common neurological

conditions

Use two of the conditions described in 2.1. Factors could include:

type of condition and type of surgery performed if applicable, acute,

chronic or degenerative in its nature, stage of the condition, general

condition/demeanour of the patient, medications prescribed, exercise

patterns, mobility/recumbency, weight bearing, continence, reflex

assessment.

Learners need to know how to administer, monitor and adapt a

hydrotherapy programme for a dog / cat with two specified common


Use two of the conditions described in 2.1 and recognise how their

approach and management of the patient and its condition would need to

be an individually devised programme.

Learning Outcome 5. Know the importance of common orthopaedic

and neurological conditions of patients for the hydrotherapist

An awareness that hydrotherapy programmes must be planned and

implemented according to the patient’s individual needs and the desired

outcomes. Without an understanding of common orthopaedic and

neurological conditions designing an effective plan would not be possible.

They must also be aware of what makes a hydrotherapy programme cater

for individual needs.


In this unit, learners will explore how hydrotherapy can help the treatment

of a variety of common orthopaedic and neurological conditions that will be

referred for hydrotherapy treatment. They will learn how to identify

common orthopaedic and neurological conditions and the correct

procedures to administer hydrotherapy for specific conditions.

There is quite a lot of theory in this unit which can either be taught or learners

28

could be given guided tasks to allow them to conduct their own research.

It is imperative that at all times learners act within their area of

professional competence and personal limitations, seeking veterinary

advice as appropriate.




















reports / notes







29































30





31

Small Animal First Aid for Hydrotherapists

Unit Reference

L/507/5174

Level

3

Credit Value

3

Guided Learning

Hours

18

Unit Summary

In this unit, learners will learn how to recognise

and deal with a variety of emergencies. They will

be asked to apply theory in practice and make

decisions about the most appropriate treatments

for a range of emergencies.

It is imperative that at all times learners act within

their area of professional competence and personal

limitations.

Learning Outcomes

(1 to 4)

The learner will

Assessment Criteria

(1.1 to 4.3)

The learner can

1. Know key

principles of small

animal first aid

1.1 Identify the three aims of animal first aid

1.2 Identify the four rules of animal first aid

1.3 Explain the current legal and ethical

restrictions and limitations that would affect the

response of the hydrotherapist in an animal

emergency

2. Be able to

categorise small

animal emergencies

2.1 Identify two life threatening animal

emergencies describing the key presenting

indicators

2.2 Identify two animal emergencies requiring

32

immediate action describing the key presenting

indicators

2.3 Identify two minor animal emergencies

describing the key

presenting indicators

3. Know how to

recognise and

manage small animal

emergency situations

3.1 Describe how to discriminate between death,

unconsciousness and collapse

3.2 Describe the signs, symptoms and

management of a small animal suffering from

shock


management of the three types of haemorrhage


management of a patient with respiratory distress.


management of snake bites and insect stings in

small animals


management of a

patient experiencing a seizure


management of four other potential animal

emergencies that may present during


4. Be able to apply

first aid in small

animal emergency

situations

4.1 Justify and demonstrate the animal

resuscitation procedure appropriate for a specified

emergency situation

4.2 Select and demonstrate bandaging techniques

33

appropriate for a specified emergency situation

4.3 Demonstrate how to manage one other

potential animal emergency that may present

during hydrotherapy treatment

34


L/507/5174 Small animal first aid for hydrotherapists –

Level 3

Indicative Content

Learning Outcome 1. Know key principles of small animal first aid

Aims of animal first aid to include:

To preserve life

To prevent suffering

To prevent the situation deteriorating

Rules of animal first aid to include:

Don’t panic

Maintain airway

Control any haemorrhage

Contact the veterinary surgeon asap

Consider current legal and ethical restrictions and limitations that would

affect the response of the hydrotherapist in an animal emergency e.g.

Animal Welfare Act 2006 and Veterinary Surgeons Act 1966 give guidelines

for how a lay person should respond in an emergency situation.

It is essential that hydrotherapists are aware of their legal limitations and

liability but also their ethical obligations towards patient welfare.

Learning Outcome 2. Be able to categorise small animal

emergencies

Learners must be able to identify the indicators/signs of at least 2 life

threatening emergencies.

Life threatening emergencies to be defined as any emergency requiring

immediate attention/action in order to save life.

Could include collapse with dyspnoea, severe haemorrhage from a major

blood vessel, anaphylactic shock.

Learners must be able to identify the indicators/signs of at least 2

immediate action emergencies.

Immediate action emergencies to be defined as any emergency requiring

immediate action at a veterinary surgery by a veterinary professional but

where life is not immediately threatened. A lay person would be limited in

35

their treatment to these patients.

Could include unconsciousness, fractures, conscious collapse.

Learners must be able to identify the indicators/signs of at least 2 minor

emergencies.

Minor emergencies to be defined as any emergency where a lay person

applying basic treatment can alleviate the condition until veterinary advice

can be sought.

Could include

insect stings where mild localised reaction is present, minor haemorrhage

such as a cut pad or broken nail, aural haematomas,

Learning Outcome 3. Know how to recognise and manage small

animal emergency situations

Assessment of symptoms, monitor and measure vital signs and reflexes

and categorise whether an animal is collapsed, unconscious or dead.

Learners must be able to recognise the signs of the 3 types of collapse.

Learners should also recognise the signs of impending or actual cardiac

arrest (refer to 4.1). Note that a veterinary surgeon is the only professional

able to confirm death of an animal.

Ability to recognise the signs and symptoms of the 3 main types of shock.

Management should include: nil by mouth, passive warming techniques

and close monitoring of ABC and vital signs. Transport to a veterinary

surgery as soon as possible.

Include arterial haemorrhage, venous haemorrhage and capillary

haemorrhage. Methods of temporary management and arrest of

haemorrhage to include direct digital pressure, pad/pressure bandage

(refer to 4.2) and use of a tourniquet. Tourniquets should be applied and

used with caution and as a last resort to arrest haemorrhage from a limb.

Learners should be able to recognise BOAS (Brachycephalic obstructive

airway syndrome) and tracheal collapse although management is

completed by a veterinary surgeon. Respiratory distress can lead to

asphyxia and learners need to be aware of how to manage and maintain an

open airway (refer to 4.1).

Identify the signs and symptoms of bites and stings to include adder bites,

bee stings and wasp stings. Management in the form of rest/reduce

movement for an adder bite and cold compress for insect stings.

36

Describe the signs and symptoms of the pre-ictal, ictal and post ictal

phases. Management to include safely monitoring patient and vital signs,

making the area as safe as possible, reducing all environmental stimuli.

Learners must recognise when the seizure has developed into status

epilepticus.

Describe the signs, symptoms and management of 4 other emergencies

e.g. gastric dilatation volvulus or torsion (bloat), drowning – to include the

possibility of secondary drowning, acute lameness, electrocution, proptosis

of the eyeball, fractures, hyperthermia (heatstroke), burns, scalds, aural

haematoma.

Learning Outcome 4. Be able to apply first aid in small animal

emergency situations

Recognise the necessity for cardio-pulmonary resuscitation.

Learners must practically demonstrate checking and maintaining an open

airway, cardiac massage and artificial respiration in a specified situation.

This needs to be given by the provider.

Demonstration of at least 2 bandaging techniques e.g. ear, limb, tail,

abdomen, thorax. Learners must identify, select and apply primary,

intermediate and tertiary layers.

Learners need to demonstrate how to manage one other potential animal

emergency that may present during hydrotherapy treatment. This could

be taken from those listed in 3.7.


In this unit, learners will learn how to recognise and deal with a variety of

emergencies. They will be asked to apply theory in practice and make

decisions about the most appropriate treatments for a range of

emergencies.

Learners will need to understand the underpinning knowledge which

underpins the practical elements of this unit.

Learners are required to perform a number of practical tasks and it is

37

important that they are given opportunities to practise tasks prior to them

being assessed. They must be appropriately supervised at all times

It is imperative that at all times learners act within their area of professional

competence and personal limitations.



















reports / notes









38






























39




40

Administering Hydrotherapy Treatment to Small

Animals

Unit Reference

Y/507/5175

Level

3

Credit Value

3

Guided Learning

Hours

25

Unit Summary

In this practical unit, learners are required to

prepare animals and the environment for

hydrotherapy. They will need to demonstrate how

to manage an animal during hydrotherapy

treatment, monitoring the process correctly and

interacting with the animal as appropriate.

Aftercare is important and learners will consider

the importance of appropriate aftercare in relation

to communication with the owner, completion of

appropriate documentation and communication

with other professionals.



limitations.

Learners should not engage in any manipulation

techniques unless qualified to do so

Learning Outcomes

(1 to 4)

The learner will

Assessment Criteria

(1.1 to 4.5)

The learner can

1. Be able to prepare

a patient for a

hydrotherapy

session

1.1 Devise a hydrotherapy session for a specified

patient

1.2 Explain why each of the following is important

appropriate interaction with animal

appropriate interaction with the client

41

pre-hydrotherapy showering of animal and

familiarisation with environment and

equipment

completion of appropriate documentation

prior to and following the treatment

selecting and fitting appropriate

hydrotherapy aids

1.3 Demonstrate how to prepare a specified

patient for hydrotherapy treatment, to include



pre-hydrotherapy showering of animal and

familiarisation with environment and

equipment


prior to the treatment

selecting and fitting appropriate

hydrotherapy aids

2. Be able to prepare

the environment prior

to the hydrotherapy

session

2.1 Demonstrate how to ensure risks to safety and

security of self, others and specified patient are

minimised before, during and after the

treatment

3. Be able to manage

a specified patient

during hydrotherapy

treatment

3.1 Safely prepare and manage the specified

patient into the water

3.2 Explain why this is important to supervise and

monitor the patient during the hydrotherapy

session

3.3 Supervise and monitor the patient during the

hydrotherapy session

3.4 Demonstrate how to safely control the

specified animal whilst it is undertaking the


42

3.5 Safely direct and manage the specified patient

out of the water

4. Know how to care

for a patient following

hydrotherapy

treatment

4.1 Demonstrate how to address the physical

needs of the patient, including drying

4.2 Explain the importance of appropriate aftercare

in relation to

communication with the owner


following the treatment

communication with other professionals

4.3 Describe the intended short term and long

term outcomes of the hydrotherapy treatment

for the specified patient

4.4 Under supervision, conduct a hydrotherapy

session on a chosen animal safely, following the

required procedure for the condition being

treated

4.5 Evaluate the hydrotherapy session for the

specified patient.

4.6 Produce a report for the referring veterinary

surgeon on the progress of the specified

patient.

43


Y/507/5175 Administering hydrotherapy treatment to small

animals – Level 3

Indicative Content

Learning Outcome 1. Be able to prepare a patient for a

hydrotherapy session

Learners are required to devise a hydrotherapy session for a specified

patient. They will need to be able to interpret the information provided

from the MDT members and devise a suitable hydrotherapy session for a

given specified patient.

They need to understand the importance of

Appropriate interaction and communication with both the patient and

client = promotes a positive and relaxed environment creating a mutual bond

and trust. A well informed and involved client is an integral part of a successful

hydrotherapy plan.

Pre-hydro showering = the removal of debris, acclimatisation and sufficient

warming of the body tissues.

Familiarisation with the environment/equipment = essential to promote

animal welfare and will provide a relaxed and stress-free experience.

Completion of appropriate documentation = following acquiring the

veterinary referral and clinical history of the patient learners should be

aware that prior to the hydrotherapy session it is good professional

practice to complete the appropriate documentation required by the centre.

Following the session it is important to document the patient's

performance. This provides an accurate and up to date record of the

patient’s progress. This information can be used in future sessions by the

centre and to provide information to other professionals within the MDT.

Selecting and fitting appropriate hydrotherapy aids = equipment can

include choice of hydrotherapy pool or hydrotherapy treadmill, use of hoist

if appropriate, stretcher. Aids can include suitably sized hoist harnesses,

suitable choice of type of harnesses for the patient's condition, suitably

sized life jackets and buoyancy aids.

Learners need to practically demonstrate how to prepare a patient using

the knowledge and understanding from 1.2. to cover



44

pre-hydrotherapy showering of animal and familiarisation with

environment and equipment

completion of appropriate documentation prior to the treatment

selecting and fitting appropriate hydrotherapy aids

Learning Outcome 2. Be able to prepare the environment prior to

the hydrotherapy

session

Learners need to apply the knowledge developed in other units in a

practical demonstration of how to risk assess and minimise risks to

maintain the health, welfare and safety of yourself, colleagues, members of

the public and patients. This criterion can be linked to risk assessment

performed in AC 6.2 in unit T/504/1180 Introduction to hydrotherapy for

small animals.

Learning Outcome 3. Be able to manage a specified patient during


Again, learners will be assessed on their ability to prepare and manage a

specified patient into the water. They must practically demonstrate safe

entry into the water whether it is via a ramp, stretcher or hoist.

They must supervise and monitor the patient during the hydrotherapy

session. They must have an awareness of significant physical or

behavioural signs relevant to the specified animal’s condition that should

be recognised and monitored. Sessions should be timed accurately and

appropriately dependent upon the individual patient needs and condition.

The importance of recognising and dealing with an emergency.

Practically assessed and observed monitoring the patient for physical or

behavioural signs that may be relevant. Learners must be able to identify which

signs are normal and which are abnormal.

Selection and correct fitting of the appropriate equipment to the animal

dependent upon the amount of control they require within the water. Discuss the

use of a hoist and multiple hydrotherapists for specific patients and or conditions.

Discuss why care must be taken when using motivational rewards.

Practically demonstrate safe exit out of the water whether it is via a ramp,

stretcher or hoist.

45

Learning Outcome 4. Know how to care for a patient following


Patient should be closely monitored and adequately supported post

session. Application of an appropriate method of drying to the animal to

ensure patient health and wellbeing.

Advice to the owner post hydrotherapy session could include e.g. further

drying at home and risk of skin conditions affecting rehabilitation plan,

information reference feeding, exercise, monitoring for lameness, stiffness

and pain. Maintaining body temperature. Completion of paperwork post

session and procedures for reporting to other professionals refer to 1.2

Short term: intended benefits may include – pain relief, mental

stimulation, relief from stiffness, decreased muscle spasm, increased ROM,

increased circulatory benefits, oedema reduction, increase in reflex

responses, improved proprioception.

Long term: intended benefits may include – increased joint ROM, joint

mobilisation, increased muscle mass, tone and strength, increased

proprioception, improved gait pattern, reduced risk of secondary

complications.

Practically observed, linking with AC’s 1.3, 2.1, 3.1, 3.3, 3.4, 3.5 and 4.1

in this unit.

Appraise in terms of their own performance and patient response to the

session. Use reflection of their own practice, feedback from assessor and

their peers. Show evidence of plans in terms of the next session. Can

make use of video evidence to aid self-evaluation. Can also reflect on client

response if present. The report to the referring veterinary surgeon and any

other MDT members should include: patient details, client details, date of

report, patient progress – initial findings, ROM, gait analysis, outcomes,

measures, details of method of treatment and therapist name, signature

and qualifications. The report should be detailed, informative yet concise

and include suitable appropriate terminology.


In this practical unit, learners are required to prepare animals and the

environment for hydrotherapy. They will need to demonstrate how to

manage an animal during hydrotherapy treatment, monitoring the process

46

correctly and interacting with the animal as appropriate.

Aftercare is important and learners will consider the importance of

appropriate aftercare in relation to communication with the owner,

completion of appropriate documentation and communication with other

professionals.


professional competence and personal limitations and they must be

appropriately supervised at all times.

Learners should not engage in any manipulation techniques unless

qualified to do so.

Learners will need to experience a number of patients and explore a

variety of cases presenting different conditions prior to assessment.

Learners will need to practise sessions prior to assessment.

If learners do not reach the required standard in their first assessment, they can

repeat it with another patient.















47






reports / notes



























48















49

Assessing And Checking an Animal’s Suitability for

Hydrotherapy Treatment

Unit Reference

Y/504/1186

Level

3

Credit Value

3

Guided Learning

Hours

25

Unit Summary

It is essential for anyone that is administering

hydrotherapy to have had the animal referred by a

veterinary surgeon.

Small animal hydrotherapists need to be able to

evaluate the suitability of an animal for treatment.

This unit will enable the learner to recognise signs

of suitability and unsuitability for hydrotherapy

treatment.



limitations.

Learning Outcomes

(1 to 4)

The learner will

Assessment Criteria

(1.1 to 4.1)

The learner can

1. Understand the

importance of a

patient’s

medical history

1.1 Explain why veterinary referral is essential

when considering hydrotherapy

1.2 Explain the significance of information that

members of the Multi Disciplinary Team should

provide to the hydrotherapist to enable them to

devise the rehabilitation programme

2. Understand the

information provided

2.1 Explain the meaning of abbreviations used by

the Multi Disciplinary Team

50

by those involved

with the patient

2.2 Interpret information that a veterinary surgeon

and/or other member of a multi-disciplinary team

has provided on a specific small animal patient

2.3 Assess the significance of information provided

by the client relating to the patient

3. Be able to perform

a health check on a

specified patient

3.1 Demonstrate how to undertake a hands-on

health check of a patient to include

head – skull, eyes, ears, nose, mouth

trunk – surface, vertebral column,

musculature, perineal region, pelvis

limbs – surface, musculature, temperature,

weight bearing, limb position and usage,

gait, condition of nails and pads, reflexes

general condition – skin, coat, weight, pulse,

respiration, salivating

behaviour – normal, changes

4. Know signs of

suitability

and unsuitability for

hydrotherapy

treatment for a

specified patient

4.1 Evaluate the patient’s suitability for

hydrotherapy treatment on the basis of the

information provided by

other professionals

the client

a physical assessment of the patient

51


Y/504/1186 Assessing and checking an animal’s suitability

for hydrotherapy treatment – Level 3

Indicative Content

Learning Outcome 1. Understand the importance of a patient’s

medical history

This unit can be linked to unit T/504/1180 Introduction to hydrotherapy for

small animals AC’s 4.1, 4.2, 4.3.

Trained hydrotherapists need to be recognised as professionals within the

industry. The referral process is essential for the health and welfare of the

patient as well as the hydrotherapist.

MDT members include primary practice, referral practice, physiotherapist,

other hydrotherapy centres or professionals involved with the patient.

Information provided by these fellow professionals will have a bearing on

how the hydrotherapist will devise the hydrotherapy rehabilitation

programme.

Learning Outcome 2. Understand the information provided by those

involved with the patient

Commonly used abbreviations within the veterinary industry e.g. HD, OCD,

CDRM, CCL, ROM, TTA, TPLO, TTTA, FCP, UAP, TPO. Learners need to

understand what these mean.

Hydrotherapists must be able to interpret information provided by a variety

of sources from the MDT. Learners need to be exposed to this information

so that they can understand.

An awareness that the client/owner can be an additional valuable source of

information to the hydrotherapist – e.g. temperament, sensitivities,

preferences.

Show an awareness that the client may not understand the significance of

the patient's past or present clinical history and may not disclose essential

information regarding health, welfare and behaviour.

52

Learning Outcome 3. Be able to perform a health check on a

specified patient

Learners will need to have been taught theory prior to practice and this will

be assessed through a practical demonstration.

They need to be able to undertake a hands-on health check of a patient to

include

head – skull, eyes, ears, nose, mouth

trunk – surface, vertebral column, musculature, perineal region, pelvis

limbs – surface, musculature, temperature, weight bearing, limb

position and usage, gait, condition of nails and pads, reflexes

general condition – skin, coat, weight, pulse, respiration, salivating

behaviour – normal, changes

Learners will need to be given opportunities to observe and practise before

they are assessed. They must be appropriately supervised at all times.

Learning Outcome 4. Know signs of suitability and unsuitability for

hydrotherapy treatment for a specified patient

Learners must be able to evaluate the patient’s suitability for hydrotherapy

treatment on the basis of the information provided by

other professionals

the client

a physical assessment of the patient

They will use the knowledge and understanding gained from unit

T/504/1180 Introduction to hydrotherapy for small animals, particularly AC

2.2 and the information provided on patients to evaluate whether the

patient should be treated with hydrotherapy and to devise a suitable

hydrotherapy treatment plan.


It is essential for anyone who is administering hydrotherapy to have had

the animal referred by a veterinary surgeon.

Small animal hydrotherapists need to be able to evaluate the suitability of

an animal for treatment. This unit will enable the learner to recognise

signs of suitability and unsuitability for hydrotherapy treatment.

Learners are required to apply theory from this and other units in the

53

qualification in a practical situation. Learners will need to practise sessions

prior to assessment.

If learners do not reach the required standard in their first assessment,

they can repeat it with another patient.


















All learners must compile a portfolio of evidence that shows

achievement of all the relevant learning outcomes and assessment

criteria.

Evidence is not prescribed but may include any or all of the

following*


reports / notes


54






























55











56

Anatomy and Physiology for Small Animal

Hydrotherapy

Unit Reference

R/507/5174

Level

3

Credit Value

4

Guided Learning

Hours

30

Unit Summary

In this unit, learners will explore the relevant

major aspects of small animal anatomy and

physiology for the hydrotherapist.

For anyone who is going to be administering

hydrotherapy treatment, it is vital that they have

a sound understanding of the anatomy and

physiology of small animals

Learning Outcomes

(1 to 7)

The learner will

Assessment Criteria

(1.1 to 7.1)

The learner can

1. Know the anatomy

and physiology of the

small animal skeletal

system

1.1 Describe the divisions of the small animal

skeletal system to include

axial skeleton

appendicular skeleton

1.2 Describe the functions of skeletal system

1.3 Describe bones in terms of shape, size and

function

1.4 Identify compact bone and spongy bone

1.5 Explain the characteristics of compact bone

and spongy bone

57

1.6 Identify the regions of a long bone

1.7 Explain ossification of a long bone

2. Know the types of

cartilage found in the

small animal skeletal

system

2.1 Describe the characteristics of cartilage

2.2 Compare and contrast hyaline and fibro

cartilage

2.3 Identify areas within the small animal

skeletal system where hyaline and fibro

cartilage are found

3. Know the anatomy

and physiology of joints

found within the small

animal skeleton

3.1 Describe the function and location of major

joints in the small animal skeletal system to

include

synovial joints

cartilaginous joints

fibrous joints

4. Know the anatomy

and physiology of small

animal tendons and

ligaments

4.1 Describe the composition of tendons and

ligaments

4.2 Describe the functions of tendons and

ligaments

4.3 Identify the major tendons and ligaments

within the small animal skeletal system

5. Know the anatomy

and physiology of the

small animal muscular

system

5.1 Describe the 3 muscle types found within

the body

5.2 Identify the location of the major muscles

within the musculo-skeletal system

5.3 Describe the functions of the major muscles

within the musculo-skeletal system

58

6. Know the

components of the small

animal nervous system

6.1 Define the central nervous system and

peripheral nervous system

6.2 Describe the functions of the nervous

system

6.3 Identify the components of a neuron, stating

the function of each

6.4 Describe the functions of sensory and motor

neurons

6.5 Explain a simple reflex arc

6.6 Identify major spinal nerves

6.7 Explain the role of adrenaline in the body.


of anatomy and

physiology for the

hydrotherapist

7.1 Explain why understanding small animal

anatomy and physiology is essential when

working as a hydrotherapist

59


R/507/5174 Anatomy and physiology for small animal

hydrotherapy – Level 3

Indicative Content

Learning Outcome 1. Know the anatomy and physiology of the

small animal skeletal system

Axial division includes skull, mandible, sternum, rib cage, vertebral

column

Appendicular division includes scapula, humerus, radius, ulna, carpals,

metacarpals, pelvis, femur, patella, fabellae, fibula, tibia, tarsals,

metatarsals, phalanges.

Functions to include: protection, locomotion, attachment of skeletal

muscle, production and storage of blood cells, storage of minerals.

Classification of bones includes: long, flat, short, irregular, sesamoid.

The function of bones depends upon size, shape, position and role - e.g. to

protect organs, create movement or as an attachment point.

Identification of the location of spongy and compact bone could be

completed using a diagram of a long bone.

Regions to include: medullary, cavity, epiphysis, diaphysis, epiphyseal

plates (growth plates), periosteum, osteocytes, action of osteoclasts and

osteoblasts.

Ossification to include endochondral ossification, the action of osteocytes –

osteoblasts and osteoclasts and the function of the epiphyseal plates.

Learning Outcome 2. Know the types of cartilage found in the small

animal skeletal system

Characteristics include: appearance, avascular, the function of

perichondrium and chondrocytes.

Compare and contrast its structure and functions.

Hyaline cartilage areas to include: articular surface of bones.

60

Fibro cartilage areas to include deep joint sockets, intervertebral discs and

menisci.

Learning Outcome 3. Know the anatomy and physiology of joints

found within the small animal skeleton

Joint examples to include: stifle, intervertebral, skull. How joint and limb

movement is created using muscles and tendons should be discussed using

the pulley mechanism of the stifle as one example.

Learning Outcome 4. Know the anatomy and physiology of small

animal tendons and ligaments

Composition to include: parallel/regular dense connective tissue, collagen

bundles, fibroblasts, sheath.

Attachment at joints, ligaments attach bone to bone and tendons attach

bone to muscle.

To include: Achilles tendon, collateral and cruciate ligaments, biceps,

digital flexors and extensors.

Learning Outcome 5. Know the anatomy and physiology of the

small animal muscular system

Muscle types to include: smooth, skeletal, cardiac. Descriptions can

include: striations and voluntary/involuntary control.

Forelimb to include: supraspinatus and infraspinatus, biceps brachii,

triceps, brachialis, carpal extensors and flexors.

Hindlimb to include: gluteal, pectineus, biceps femoris, quadriceps

femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, sartorius, hock and digital

extensors and flexors.

Spine to include: epaxial and hypoaxial.

Functions to include flexion, extension, abduction and adduction refer to

the muscles listed in 5.2.

Learning Outcome 6. Know the components of the small animal

nervous system

CNS comprises the brain and spinal cord and PNS comprises all sensory

and motor neurons

Together they work to receive information from external environment,

61

receive information from internal environment, to interpret information

received and to respond accordingly.

Components to include: dendrites, cell body, axon, nerve endings, myelin

sheaths, synapse. Learners must describe the direction of the impulse,

electrical transmission, chemical transmission and groups of neurons make

up nerves.

Sensory neurons are part of the PNS and receive information in the form of

stimuli from the external and internal environment and take it towards the

CNS. Motor neurons are part of the PNS and respond or react to stimuli

received that come from the CNS.

Examples that could be used are the pedal or patellar reflex.

To include: the brachial plexus, radial, ulna, femoral and sciatic nerves.

6.7 To include the role of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous

systems. The production of adrenaline and cortisolin potentially exciting

and stressful situations. The effects adrenaline has on the body and its

potential impacts on healing tissues.

Learning Outcome 7. Know the importance of anatomy and

physiology for the hydrotherapist

An understanding of anatomy and physiology for hydrotherapists is

essential for good patient care and to ensure recognition and respect as a

professional within the MDT.


In this unit, learners will explore the relevant major aspects of small

animal anatomy and physiology for the hydrotherapist.

For anyone who is going to be administering hydrotherapy treatment, it is

vital that they have a sound understanding of the anatomy and physiology

of small animals.

It is a theory unit, which can be related to the practice of hydrotherapy as

appropriate. There is opportunity for learners to conduct their own

research. It is important that any evidence of achievement presented by

62

the learner demonstrates their own understanding and is not just

handouts.




















reports / notes









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64



65

Water Management for Small Animal Hydrotherapy

Unit Reference

K/504/1189

Level

3

Credit Value

3

Guided Learning

Hours

20

Unit Summary

In this unit, learners will gain a basic

understanding of water management and

treatment. Learners will explore the functions of

the various pieces of pool plant and equipment,

water chemistry and the relationship of the

various chemicals used.

It is imperative that at all times learners act

within current health and safety legislation and

work within their area of professional

competence and personal limitations. It is

expected that learners will undertake the

practical elements of this unit under the close

supervision of an appropriately qualified

professional.

Learning Outcomes

(1 to 4)

The learner will

Assessment Criteria

(1.1 to 4.6)

The learner can


of responsible water

management

1.1 Explain legal and professional responsibilities

to correctly manage water in a hydrotherapy

setting

1.2 Explain the importance of water

management to the health and welfare of

patients, personnel and others

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2. Know how to

maintain water

equipment

2.1 Identify the purpose of essential plant and

equipment that is used for hydrotherapy

2.2 Explain why regular maintenance of each is

important

2.3 Describe what maintenance is required

stating how and when this is carried out


water treatment

chemicals

3.1 Explain the reasons for adding chemicals to

pool water (disinfection and water quality)

3.2 Identify six commonly used chemicals,

stating the purpose of each

3.3 Describe the specific risks that are presented

when handling, storing, dosing and disposing of

four of the identified chemicals

3.4 Describe the specific precautions that are

required when handling, storing, dosing and

disposing of four of the identified chemicals

3.5 Describe which chemicals are considered to

be incompatible explaining why

4. Know how to test

water

4.1 Explain what water testing is designed to

test

4.2 Compare three types of water test kits

available, contrasting the benefits and

disadvantages of each

4.3 Describe how frequently tests should be

carried out stating why

4.4 Utilising different methods, conduct two

water tests

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4.5 Analyse the results of the tests stating their

implications

4.6 Recommend actions required to adjust the

water balance

68


K/504/1189 Water management for small animal

hydrotherapy – Level 3

Indicative Content

Learning Outcome 1. Know the importance of responsible water

management

A hydrotherapist’s legal and ethical obligations include Health, Safety and

Welfare of employees, members of the public and patients. Legislation

includes: current, relevant legislation. Health and Safety at Work Act 1974,

Emergency procedures, Control of Substances Hazardous to Health

(COSHH) 2002, The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous

Occurrences (RIDDOR)1995, Environmental and Waste Disposal legislation.

Ethical requirements include a duty of care towards employees, colleagues,

members of the public and patients and requirements are set by

Hydrotherapy Associations for membership.

Learners should be aware of the importance of infection control to include

adequate disinfection of environment and sanitisation of water to maintain

the health and welfare of employees, members of the public and patients.

Learning Outcome 2. Know how to maintain water equipment

Plant can include: hydrotherapy pool, hydrotherapy treadmill, spa, pump,

filter, pump strainer basket, pump strainer 'O' ring, skimmer, valves,

heater, and equipment to include: water testing equipment, hoover,

skimming net, chlorine or bromine dispenser.

Adequate and regular maintenance is required for plant and equipment to

be

fully operational

meet health, safety and welfare objectives, to minimise pool down

time

aware of the cost implications if improperly maintained.

Yearly – sand or volcanic medium change within the filter (more often if

required by usage), heating service, PAT testing

Weekly – back wash and rinse filter (more often if required by usage),

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change treadmill water.

Daily - hoover, check strainer baskets,

More frequently – testing and treating of water, infection control through

cleaning and disinfection, empty skimmer baskets. Replacement of

equipment and consumables when necessary and regular checks and

servicing of plant and equipment.

Learning Outcome 3. Know how to manage water treatment

chemicals

For disinfection, sanitisation and to maintain water quality. Infection

control to include adequate disinfection of environment and sanitisation of

water to maintain the health and welfare of employees, members of the

public and patients.

Sanitizers to include: chlorine donors, bromine donors, UV and salt, pH

correctors include: acid, alkaline and floculant.

Risks associated with the handling, storing, dosing and disposing of

individual chemicals listed in AC 3.2 and be able to risk assess as

necessary.

Learners should be aware of the precautions that should be taken when

handling, storing, dosing and disposing of individual chemicals listed in 3.2.

Refer to individual product data sheets for safety precautions.

An awareness that all chemicals are incompatible and must be used and

stored separately. Some chemicals are highly incompatible e.g. Dichlor

chlorine donar is highly incompatible with acidic products - if mixed will

produce chlorine gas. All chemicals should be stored at least 1.5 metres

apart.

Learning Outcome 4. Know how to test water

Water testing includes: free chlorine, total chlorine, bromine, alkalinity and

pH, cyanuric acid, water hardness.

Water testing kits include: test strips, comparator and photometer.

Test strips are cost effective, easy to use, highly inaccurate when stored

incorrectly and open to colour interpretation. Comparators are cost

effective and easy to use however are open to users’ colour interpretation.

Photometers are highly accurate and easy to use, however are more

70

expensive to purchase initially and require regular maintenance. Learners

to be aware that all of the testing methods are highly inaccurate when the

levels are outside the normal acceptable range for testing.

Good practice is to test a minimum of three times per day when water is in

use.

Practically assessed by a suitably qualified person using at least 2 different

methods of water testing kits. Water taken from both large volumes (pool)

and small volumes (aquatic treadmill or spa) should be tested.

Learners will analyse and interpret the results of the tests they practically

conduct and state the implications of their findings.

Learners will recommend necessary actions required to adjust the

parameters of the water they have tested, analysed and interpreted – refer

to AC 4.4 and AC 4.5.


In this unit, learners will gain a basic understanding of water management

and treatment. Learners will explore the functions of the various pieces of

pool plant and equipment, water chemistry and the relationship of the

various chemicals used.

It is a mix of theory and practical. There is opportunity for learners to

conduct their own research. It is important that any evidence of

achievement presented by the learner demonstrates their own

understanding and is not just handouts.

Learners are also required to conduct some testing on their own. It is

imperative that at all times learners act within current health and safety

legislation and work within their area of professional competence and

personal limitations. It is expected that learners will undertake the

practical elements of this unit under the close supervision of an

appropriately qualified professional.




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reports / notes














72




























73

Professional Practice and Multi-Disciplinary Team

Working for Hydrotherapists

Unit Reference

D/507/5176

Level

3

Credit Value

2

Guided Learning

Hours

10

Unit Summary

In this unit, learners will explore the importance of

a multi-disciplinary team approach to

hydrotherapy. They are also required to consider

the importance of reflective practice to their own

continuing professional development

Learning Outcomes

(1 to 3)

The learner will

Assessment Criteria

(1.1 to 3.4)

The learner can

1. Understand the

purpose of the multi-

disciplinary team

(MDT)

1.1 Identify who may be included within a multi-

disciplinary team

1.2 Evaluate factors that make for effective MDT

working

2. Recognise the

effect of MDT

treatment upon the

patient

2.1 Explain the difference between complementary

and alternative therapies

2.2 Describe, with the use of examples, four types

of treatments that the patient may be receiving

from other MDT members

2.3 Outline the key characteristics of these

treatments

74

2.4 Explain the cumulative impact of hydrotherapy

and these treatments upon the patient

2.5 Evaluate the effect of the multi-disciplinary

team approach on two specified cases

3. Understand the

purpose of personal

and professional

development

3.1 Explain what is meant by reflective practice

3.2 Explain how this can contribute to their own

hydrotherapy practice

3.3 Explain the need for continuing professional

development

3.4 Describe the importance of working within own

personal and professional limitations.

4. Understand the

need to behave

professionally in the

hydrotherapy

workplace.

4.1 Describe the features of professional behaviour

in the hydrotherapy workplace.

4.2 Describe why it is important to act

professionally in the hydrotherapy workplace.

4.3 Identify legal and industry requirements for

professional behaviour.

75


D/507/5176 Professional practice and Multi Disciplinary

Team working for hydrotherapists – Level 3

Indicative Content

Learning Outcome 1. Understand the purpose of the multi-

disciplinary team (MDT)

Members of the team could include: Primary or First Opinion Veterinary

Surgeons, Specialist Referral Veterinary Surgeons, Veterinary Surgeons

specialising in Acupuncture, Veterinary Physiotherapists, Certified Canine

Rehabilitation Practitioners, Chiropractors, Small Animal Osteopaths,

McTimoney Animal Practitioners, Massage Therapists, Canine Bowen

Therapists and Tellington Touch Practitioners.

Evaluation of how the following makes for effective MDT working: the

complete referral process, working within your limitations legally and

ethically as a hydrotherapist, clear and timely communication and

feedback, accurate and up to date record keeping.

Learning Outcome 2. Recognise the effect of MDT treatment upon

the patient

Complementary therapies are used together with or alongside conventional

medicine or treatments. Alternative therapies are used as opposed to

conventional medicine or treatments.

Hydrotherapists should have an understanding of the treatments a

hydrotherapy patient may be receiving from other members of the MDT.

Treatments or therapies could include:

Prescription and non-prescription medication and/or supplements.

Veterinary physiotherapy including stretching, massage, PROM, ultrasound,

NMES, tens, laser, H-wave, functional rehabilitation and home exercise

programmes.

Acupuncture, chiropractic treatment, osteopathic treatment, animal

manipulation and/or massage therapies.

Hydrotherapists should know about the different complementary and

alternative treatments available, treatment methods used by different

76

therapists/practitioners and legal and ethical restrictions for those

therapists/practitioners treating animals.

Learners should have an understanding of how of each type of treatment is

intended to benefit the patient – refer to AC 2.2.

An awareness of how the treatments or therapies can complement each

other but should also be aware of the cumulative and possibly detrimental

impact for the patient when used in conjunction with hydrotherapy.

Use two specified cases to evaluate how the MDT members are working

together effectively to benefit the patient.

Learning Outcome 3. Understand the purpose of personal and

professional development

Explain reflective practice in terms of hydrotherapy

Reflection allows for continual improvement to their practice and promotes

flexibility to alter techniques or treatment plans accordingly or to refer

back to the veterinary surgeon if sufficient progress is not being made.

CPD is a necessary part of being recognised as a trained professional

within the hydrotherapy industry. It is a mandatory requirement for

continuing membership to the Hydrotherapy Associations. CPD increases

knowledge and understanding and keeps an individual up to date with

current practices and techniques.

Working as part of the MDT means that hydrotherapists should work within

their limitations and know when to seek advice from others. Ethical and

legal implications need to be discussed and can be cross-referenced to unit

T/504/1180 Introduction to hydrotherapy for small animals AC’s 4.2, 4.3,

5.1, 5.2, 5.3.

Learning Outcome 4. Understand the need to behave professionally

in the hydrotherapy workplace.

Learners will need to identify any legal and industry requirements that they

are to adhere to.

Learners will need to understand what constitutes good professional

77

behaviour in the hydrotherapy workplace which would include marketing

and social media presence on behalf of their workplace.

Learners will need to understand how their behaviour can impact upon

their own reputation and also the industry as a whole.


In this unit, learners will explore the importance of a multi-disciplinary

team approach to hydrotherapy, and how this relates to their role as a

hydrotherapist. They are also required to consider the importance of

reflective practice to their own continuing professional development.

This is essentially a theory unit but delivery needs to be linked closely to

the real environment in which the MDT operates, using real life examples

wherever possible.





mechanisms put in place










78






reports / notes


























79
















80

The Principles of Small Animal Hydrotherapy

Unit Reference

H/504/1191

Level

3

Credit Value

2

Guided Learning

Hours

10

Unit Summary

This unit provides learners with an underpinning

knowledge of the techniques and approaches that

are allowed to be used by hydrotherapists.



administer hydrotherapy treatments and learners

should not engage in any manipulation techniques

unless qualified to do so. It is imperative that at

all times learners act within their area of


Learning Outcomes

(1 to 2)

The learner will

Assessment Criteria

(1.1 to 2.3)

The learner can

1. Understand the

significance of the

physical properties of

water in hydrotherapy

1.1 Identify the physical properties of water that

are utilised in a hydrotherapy session

1.2 Explain how these properties could benefit a

patient during a hydrotherapy session

1.3 Explain how these properties could be

detrimental to a hydrotherapy patient

1.4 Explain how these properties can affect the

hydrotherapist

81

2. Know about the

application of

hydrotherapy

techniques

2.1 Compare and contrast the features of four

hydrotherapy treatments

2.2 Describe how each might be suitable for four

specific cases

2.3 Describe two outcome measures that could be

used to determine the effectiveness of

hydrotherapy session/s

in the short term

in the long term

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H/504/1191 The principles of small animal hydrotherapy –

Level 3


This unit provides learners with an underpinning knowledge of the

techniques and approaches that are allowed to be used by

hydrotherapist’s.


competence required to administer hydrotherapy treatments and learners

should not engage in any manipulation techniques unless qualified to do

so. It is imperative that at all times learners act within their area of


This is essentially a theory unit but delivery needs to be linked closely to

the real environment, using real life examples wherever possible.















83


All learners must compile a portfolio of evidence that shows

achievement of all the relevant learning outcomes and assessment

criteria.

Evidence is not prescribed but may include any or all of the

following*


reports / notes
























84


















85

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL), Exemptions, Credit

Transfers and Equivalencies

ABC Awards policy enables learners to avoid duplication of learning

and assessment in a number of ways:

Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) – a method of

assessment that considers whether a learner can

demonstrate that they can meet the assessment

requirements for a unit through knowledge, understanding

or skills they already possess and do not need to develop

through a course of learning.

Exemption - Exemption applies to any certificated

achievement which is deemed to be of equivalent value to

a unit within ABC qualification but which does not

necessarily share the exact learning outcomes and

assessment criteria. It is the assessor’s responsibility, in

conjunction with the Internal Moderator, to map this

previous achievement against the assessment

requirements of the ABC qualification to be achieved in

order to determine its equivalence.

Any queries about the relevance of any certificated

evidence, should be referred in the first instance to your

centre’s internal moderator and then to ABC.

It is important to note that there may be restrictions upon

a learner’s ability to claim exemption or credit transfer

which will be dependent upon the currency of the

unit/qualification and a learner’s existing levels of skill or

knowledge.

Where past certification only provides evidence that could

be considered for exemption of part of a unit, learners

must be able to offer additional evidence of previous or

recent learning to supplement their evidence of

achievement.

Credit Transfer – ABC may attach credit to a qualification,

a unit or a component. Credit transfer is the process of

using certificated credits achieved in one qualification and

transferring that achievement as a valid contribution to the

award of another qualification. Units/Components

transferred must share the same learning outcomes and

assessment criteria along with the same unit number.

86

Assessors must ensure that they review and verify the

evidence through sight of:

o original certificates OR

o copies of certificates that have been signed and

dated by the internal moderator confirming the

photocopy is a real copy and make these available

for scrutiny by the External Moderator.

Equivalencies – opportunities to count credits from the

unit(s) from other qualifications or from unit(s) submitted

by other recognised organisations towards the place of

mandatory or optional unit(s) specified in the rule of

combination. The unit must have the same credit value or

greater than the

ABC encourages its centres to recognise the previous achievements

of learners through Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL), Exemption,

Credit Transfer and Equivalencies. Prior achievements may have

resulted from past or present employment, previous study or

voluntary activities. Centres should provide advice and guidance to

the learner on what is appropriate evidence and present that

evidence to the external moderator in the usual way.

Further guidance can be found in ‘Delivering and Assessing ABC

Awards Qualifications’ which can be downloaded from

http://www.abcawards.co.uk/centres-grid-page-move/policies-

procedures/

Exemptions

There are no identified exemptions for these qualifications.

http://www.abcawards.co.uk/centres-grid-page-move/policies-procedures/

http://www.abcawards.co.uk/centres-grid-page-move/policies-procedures/

87

Glossary of Terms

GLH (Guided Learning Hours)

GLH is where the learner participates in education or training under

the immediate guidance or supervision of a tutor (or other

appropriate provider of education or training). It may be helpful to

think – ‘Would I need to plan for a member of staff to be present to

give guidance or supervision?’

GLH is calculated at qualification level and not unit/component level.

Examples of Guided Learning include:

Face-to-face meeting with a tutor

Telephone conversation with a tutor

Instant messaging with a tutor

Taking part in a live webinar

Classroom-based instruction

Supervised work

Taking part in a supervised or invigilated assessment

The learner is being observed.

TQT (Total Qualification Time)

‘The number of notional hours which represents an estimate of the

total amount of time that could reasonably be expected to be

required, in order for a learner to achieve and demonstrate the

achievement of the level of attainment necessary for the award of a

qualification.’ The size of a qualification is determined by the TQT.

TQT is made up of the Guided Learning Hours (GLH) plus all other

time taken in preparation, study or any other form of participation

in education or training but not under the direct supervision of a

lecturer, supervisor or tutor.

TQT is calculated at qualification level and not unit/component level.

Examples of unsupervised activities that could contribute to TQT

include:

Researching a topic and writing a report

Watching an instructional online video at home/e-learning

Watching a recorded webinar

Compiling a portfolio in preparation for assessment

Completing an unsupervised practical activity or work

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Rehearsing a presentation away from the classroom

Practising skills unsupervised

Requesting guidance via email – will not guarantee an

immediate response.

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