seismic issues and building codes for kentucky · pdf file2011 japan earthquake (m9.0)...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Seismic Issues and Building Codes for Kentucky · PDF file2011 Japan Earthquake (M9.0) Earthquake (ground shaking) damages are not severe in Sendai. Nuclear Disaster . Observed PGA](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022030504/5ab11ec57f8b9aea528c0066/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Seismic Issues and Building Codes
for Kentucky
Zhenming Wang, PhD, PE
Kentucky Geological Survey
University of Kentucky
http://www.uky.edu/KGS/geologichazards/
2011 KSPE Annual Convention
April 28, 2011
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Outline
• Introduction
• Design Ground Motion Maps for Building Codes
• The USGS Seismic Hazard Maps
• The KGS Seismic Hazard Maps
• Summary
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2010 Haiti Earthquake (M7.1)
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(Modern building)
(Reinforced Concrete)
2010 Chile Earthquake (M8.8)
(Adobe)
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(Reinforced Concrete)
2011 Japan Earthquake (M9.0)
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(Reinforced Concrete)
2011 Japan Earthquake (M9.0)
Earthquake (ground shaking) damages are not severe in Sendai.
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Nuclear Disaster
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Observed PGA at the base-mat:
No. 3: 0.51g
No. 4: 0.32g
No. 6: 0.43g
Design PGA on base-rock: 0.6g ( for all)
Design PGA at No.5 base-mat: 0.45g
(Irikura, 2011)
(Masaki and Koike, 2011)
It was tsunami caused the backup generator failure – lost cooling
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• The best way to prevent earthquake disaster
is to build better seismic resistant
infrastructure, buildings, and others
• The seismic provisions in building codes
are important
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Standard
Building Code
Uniform
Building Code
BOCA National
Building Code
International Building Code
Seismic Codes and Source Documents - Past
SEAOC Blue Book
ASCE 7
(Seismic)
NEHRP Provisions
Standard
Building Code
Uniform
Building Code
BOCA National
Building Code
(Kircher, 2010)
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Seismic Codes and Source Documents – Current
ASCE 7
(Seismic)
NEHRP Provisions
International
Building Code
California
Building Code
NFPA 5000
Building Code
(Kircher, 2010)
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Development of NEHRP Design Ground Motion
Seismic Hazard Map
(USGS)
Seismic Design Ground Motions
(FEMA)
BSSC – Seismic Design Procedures
Reassessment Group (SDPRG)
State Agencies Other organizations Federal agencies
Policy
Science
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Members
Dr. Charles A. Kircher, PE (SDPRG Chair)
Dr. C. B. Crouse, PE (PUC TS-3 Chair)
Prof. Bruce R. Ellingwood, PE, Georgia Tech
Mr. Ronald O. Hamburger, SE (PUC Chair)
Prof. Robert D. Hanson, FEMA (tech. advisor)
Dr. James R. Harris, SE (ASCE 7 past Chair)
Dr. John “Jack” R. Hayes, PE, NIST (NEHRP)
Mr. William T. Holmes, SE (PUC past Chair)
Mr. John D. Hooper, SE (ASCE 7 SSC Chair)
Dr. Jeffrey K. Kimball, DOE NNSA
Dr. Nicolas Luco, USGS
Prof. Andrew Whittaker, SE, SUNY Buffalo
Mr. Michael Mahoney, FEMA
Scope/Objectives
• Revisit products of Project
97 in light of new seismic
hazard information
(developed by the USGS)
• Develop revised seismic
design maps and
procedures reflecting these
new data for inclusion in
the 2009 NEHRP
Procedures (and ASCE/SEI
7-10 and model building
codes)
Seismic Design Procedures Reassessment Group
Project 07 – Joint effort of the BSSC, FEMA and USGS
(Kircher, 2010)
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(2009 NEHRP Provisions)
NEHRP Design Map 0.2 sec Spectral Response Acceleration for the U.S. (2% PE in 50 yrs., NEHRP)
4 g
2 g
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California Central U.S.
Memphis
San Francisco
NEHRP Four times gravity
Two times gravity
0.2 sec Spectral Response Acceleration
Paducah
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(2009 NEHRP Provisions)
NEHRP Design Map 1.0 sec Spectral Response Acceleration for the U.S. (2% PE in 50 yrs., NEHRP)
1 g
2 g
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Two times gravity
One times gravity
California Central U.S.
1.0 sec Spectral Response Acceleration
Paducah
San Francisco
Memphis
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1) In 2001, Mr. David Master (a staff member from KY
congressman Ed Whitfield office): Why can I not build a
regular two-story house in Paducah?
2) SEAOK found that: impossible to construct residential
structures in westernmost Kentucky without enlisting a design
professional (IRC-2000).
3) DOE will not get permit from Ky-EPA to build a landfill at
PGDP for clear-up.
4) In 2002, One of the main reasons that Kentucky lost the
centrifuge facility ($2B) to Ohio.
Problems in western Kentucky
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Closing Comments (Code Perspective)
• Code Ground Motions
– New “risk-targeted” ground motions of ASCE 7-10 (and the
2009 NEHRP Provisions) are now approved for use in model
building codes (e.g., 2012 IBC) almost, but not yet law
• Code Development Process (NEHRP)
– BSSC NIBS (FEMA) – Developed “collapse risk” concepts
for new ground motions
– ATC-63 (FEMA P-695) – Provided methods and established
the basis for generic building collapse risk safety goals
– USGS – Developed risk-targeted ground motions based on the
above and best available (current) science
(Kircher, 2010)
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USGS 7-Day Seismicity in the U.S.
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/recenteqsus/
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U.S. G.S. (Leith and others, 2009)
USGS Twenty-Year Did You feel It
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GPS results California
Central U.S.
Deformation rate: > 30 mm/y Deformation rate: < 3 mm/y
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Deformation rate: > 30 mm/y
Deformation rate: < 3 mm/y
Active Plate Tectonics Intra-Plate tectonics
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Red area: 0.40 – 0.80g
National Seismic Hazard map for Central U.S. - PGA with 2% PE in 50 years
China - Wenchuan earthquake Actual (M7.9) PGA map
<0.10g (Wang, 2009)
(Peterson and others, 2008)
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The National Seismic Hazard Maps
Outputs Inputs Modeling (computer)
Scientific data PSHA Hazard curves
10%
in
50
Ye
ars
5%
in
50
Ye
ars
2%
in
50
Ye
ars
HAZARD CURVES FOR SELECTED CITIES
0.10000 0.01000 0.00100 0.00010 0.00001
Annual Frequency of Exceedance
0.0
0.1
1.0
10.0
0.2
se
c S
pe
ctr
al
Ac
ce
lera
tio
n,
%g
CITIESLos Angeles
San Francisco
Seattle
Salt Lake City
New York City
Charleston
Memphis
(Frankel et al., 1996)
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PSHA End Results: Seismic Hazard Curves
10%
in
50
Ye
ars
5%
in
50
Ye
ars
2%
in
50
Ye
ars
HAZARD CURVES FOR SELECTED CITIES
0.10000 0.01000 0.00100 0.00010 0.00001
Annual Frequency of Exceedance
0.0
0.1
1.0
10.0
0.2
se
c S
pe
ctr
al
Ac
ce
lera
tio
n,
%g
CITIESLos Angeles
San Francisco
Seattle
Salt Lake City
New York City
Charleston
Memphis
(Frankel et al., 1996)
Hazard curves
Hazard maps
Hazard curves
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Infinite GM A single EQ
Output Input PSHA
“Computer
model”
Sensitivity Test
Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis – PSHA
Site
(GM occurrence)
TRP=?
Source
(M7.7 occurrence)
TRI =500 years
Dis. =30km
1.E-09
1.E-08
1.E-07
1.E-06
1.E-05
1.E-04
1.E-03
1.E-02
0.01 0.1 1 10
An
n.
fre
qu
en
cy o
f e
xc
.(1
/ye
ar)
PGA (g)
PGA hazard curve
104
106
108
102
Re
turn
perio
d (years)
Annual Frequency of Exceedance (fy): The frequency (the number of events per year)
that a ground motion is equal to or greater than a specific value
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Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis – PSHA
VSAP
New Madrid Seismic Zone
TRI =500 -1,000 years
TRP=500 – 1,000 years
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The annual probability of exceedance – probability of
exceedance in ONE year – a dimensionless quantity
(v is the average event [earthquake] occurrence rate [per year])
PSHA is a mathematical formulation derived from a
rigorous probability analysis on distributions of earthquake
magnitudes, locations, and ground motion attenuation
(McGuire, 2008).
PSHA calculates:
t=1 year was omitted!!!
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Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis – PSHA
(Cornell, 1968) (Cornell, 1968)
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Yucca Mountain, NV
(Stepp and others, 2001)
Ret
urn
per
iod
(y
ears
)
1,000,000 years
10,000 years
100,000,000 years
11g
Hanks (2011) concluded that it (11g PGA) is overstated and had no answer “what is wrong”
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Development of NEHRP Design Ground Motion
Seismic Hazard Map
(USGS)
Seismic Design Ground Motions
(FEMA)
BSSC – engineers,
seismologists, and others
Policy ??????
Science ??????
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The KGS Scenario/Deterministic Ground Motion Hazard Maps
(Wang, 2010)
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The KGS Scenario/Deterministic Ground Motion Hazard Maps
(Wang, 2010)
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The KGS Scenario/Deterministic Ground Motion Hazard Maps
(Wang, 2010)
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The KGS Scenario/Deterministic Ground Motion Hazard Maps
(Wang, 2010)
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The KGS Scenario/Deterministic Ground Motion Hazard Maps
-200
0
200
-200
0
200
Acce
lera
tio
n (
cm
/s/s
)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-200
0
200
Time (sec)
Horizontal-1
Horizontal-2
Vertical
KTC-07-06/SPR246-02-6F (Wang and others, 2007)
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The KGS Scenario/Deterministic Ground Motion Hazard Maps
-200
0
200
-200
0
200
Acce
lera
tio
n (
cm
/s/s
)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
-200
0
200
Time (sec)
Horizontal-1
Horizontal-2
Vertical
KTC-07-06/SPR246-02-6F (Wang and others, 2007)
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1) In 2001, Mr. David Master (a staff member from KY congressman Ed
Whitfield office): Why can I not build a regular two-story house in
Paducah?
2) SEAOK found that: impossible to construct residential structures in
westernmost Kentucky without enlisting a design professional (IRC-2000).
- Revised (similar to the KGS maps)
3) DOE will not get permit from Ky-EPA to build a landfill at PGDP for
clear-up.
- DOE has submitted a report on scenario/deterministic assessment
4) In 2002, One of the main reasons that Kentucky lost the centrifuge facility
($2B) to Ohio.
Problems in western Kentucky
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Summary
• There is no question that Kentucky does have seismic hazards, but the hazards are not as high as those in California
• The best way to prevent earthquake disaster is to build better seismic resistant infrastructure, buildings, and others. Thus, the seismic provisions in the building codes are important.
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Summary
• The issues and problems related to seismic provisions in the building codes are caused by the national seismic hazard maps
• The methodology used to produce the maps is not science
• The scenario/deterministic seismic hazard maps provide good alternatives for engineering design and other considerations
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Thank You!