Seismic Retrofit of Bridges & Seismic Retrofit of Bridges & Disaster Management SystemDisaster Management SystemSeismic Retrofit of Bridges & Seismic Retrofit of Bridges & Disaster Management SystemDisaster Management System

September 2005September 2005

In KimIn KimRoad Environment Division, Road BureauRoad Environment Division, Road BureauMinistry of Construction & TransportationMinistry of Construction & Transportation

September 2005September 2005

In KimIn KimRoad Environment Division, Road BureauRoad Environment Division, Road BureauMinistry of Construction & TransportationMinistry of Construction & Transportation

Seismic Retrofit of Bridges1.1.

Disaster Response System2.2.

ContentsContents

1) Bridges Classification2) Construction Period3) Recent Earthquake in KOREA (M>4.0)4) Analysis of Bridge Damages from Earthquake5) Retrofit Strategy6) Retrofit Method

1) General Classification of Disaster2) Disaster Response Organization of Korea3) Workflow of Damage Assessment and Recovery Planning4) Disaster Response Organization of MOCT5) Workflow of Road Damage Recovery6) Strategy for Reducing Disaster Damage

22,159 bridges in Korea as of December 200422,159 bridges in Korea as of December 2004

By roads By superstructure types

Highways27%

LocalRoads51%

NationalRoads22%

Steel Box Girder 12% RC

Slab 40%

Rahmen 20%

ETC 3%

PSC I Beam 17%

RCT Beam 5%

PSC Box Girder3%

1) Bridges Classification1) Bridges Classification

1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges

2) Construction Periods2) Construction Periods

53% of the bridges were built within the past 10 years with

the country’s economy growth

53% of the bridges were built within the past 10 years with

the country’s economy growth

219

1468 2302

6303

11808

59

0

3000

6000

9000

12000

15000

∼'64 '65∼'74 '75∼'84 '85∼'94 '95 ∼ ETC

1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges

3) Recent earthquakes in Korea measuring 4.0 or higher on the Richter scale3) Recent earthquakes in Korea measuring 4.0 or higher on the Richter scale

35 earthquakes since 1978 35 earthquakes since 1978

ㆍ Oct. 7, 1978 in Hongseong (M=5.0)

ㆍ Occurrences of earthquakes since 1978 Magnitude 4.0≤M<5.0 : 30 Magnitude 5.0≤M<6.0 : 5 ㆍ There were partial building damages but no bridge damages f

rom the earthquakesㆍ Dec. 13, 1996 in Youngweol (M=4.5)

1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges

4) Analysis of Bridges Damages from Earthquakes4) Analysis of Bridges Damages from Earthquakes

EARTHQUAKE

ㆍ Abutment Movement ㆍ Foundation Collapse

ㆍ Liquefactionㆍ Settlement ㆍ Slope Sliding

ㆍ Insufficient Support Lengthㆍ Short of Ductility of PIER

ㆍ PIER Collapse ㆍ Unseating

1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges

5) Retrofit Strategy5) Retrofit Strategy

① Seismic Design Specification

ㆍ Seismic design specification was introduced for the first time in 1992

when it was integrated into the Korean Bridge Design Code

ㆍ All new bridges built after 1999 are required to meet the seismic design

specifications

② Seismic Retrofit of Existing Bridges ㆍ Ductility of concrete columns enhanced

ㆍ Seismic Isolation or energy dissipation equipment/apparatus installed

① Seismic Design Specification

ㆍ Seismic design specification was introduced for the first time in 1992

when it was integrated into the Korean Bridge Design Code

ㆍ All new bridges built after 1999 are required to meet the seismic design

specifications

② Seismic Retrofit of Existing Bridges ㆍ Ductility of concrete columns enhanced

ㆍ Seismic Isolation or energy dissipation equipment/apparatus installed

1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges

6) Retrofit Methods6) Retrofit Methods

- Bearing Replacement -Isolations (LRB, Damper)

- Bearing Replacement -Isolations (LRB, Damper)

① Elastomeric Pads, isolations① Elastomeric Pads, isolations

1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges

- Shear Key - Shear Key

② Bearing Retrofit② Bearing Retrofit

1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges

- Steel Jacketing - Fiber wrapping - Steel Jacketing - Fiber wrapping

③ Column Retrofit③ Column Retrofit

1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges1 Seismic Retrofit of Bridges

Man-Made Disasters - Disasters caused by human activities (Fires, collapses, explosions, traffic accidents, environmental pollution, chemical/biological/radiological incidents, etc.)

Natural Disasters - Disasters caused by natural phenomena (Typhoons, floods, heavy rainfalls, storms, tidal waves, heavy snowfalls, droughts, earthquakes, sand dust clouds, red tides, etc.)

Infrastrucutral Disasters - Disasters caused by paralysis of key infrastructures (Energy, communication, transportation, finance, medical, water, etc.) - Propagation of infectious diseases, etc.

Man-Made Disasters - Disasters caused by human activities (Fires, collapses, explosions, traffic accidents, environmental pollution, chemical/biological/radiological incidents, etc.)

Natural Disasters - Disasters caused by natural phenomena (Typhoons, floods, heavy rainfalls, storms, tidal waves, heavy snowfalls, droughts, earthquakes, sand dust clouds, red tides, etc.)

Infrastrucutral Disasters - Disasters caused by paralysis of key infrastructures (Energy, communication, transportation, finance, medical, water, etc.) - Propagation of infectious diseases, etc.

1) General Classification of Disasters1) General Classification of Disasters

2 Disaster Response System2 Disaster Response System

Central Safety Management Committee

(Chair: Prime Minister)Adjustments Committee

(Minister of MOGAHA)

Central Emergency Rescue and Control Center

(NEMA)

Central Incident Management Headquarters

(MOFAT)

※ Strengthening cooperation with related Ministries

Emergency Rescue and Control Centers (cities,

provinces)

Emergency Rescue and Control Centers

(cities,countries, districts)

2) Disaster Response Organization2) Disaster Response Organization

Central Disaster Prevention & Countermeasures Headquarters

(MOGAHA)

Overseas Disaster Response & Support Center

Central Incident Management Center

Disaster Prevention & Countermeasures Headquarters

(cities, provinces)

Local Safety Management Committees (cities, counties, districts)

Local Safety Management Committees (cities,

provinces)

• MOFAT : Ministry of Foreign Affairs and Trade • MOGAHA : Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs• NEMA : National Emergency Management Agency

Disaster Prevention & Countermeasures Headquarters

(cities, counties, districts)

2 Disaster Response System2 Disaster Response System

Disaster Occurrence

City/County/DistrictCountermeasures Headquarters

City/ProvinceCountermeasures Headquarters

Central CountermeasuresHeadquarters

Damage Assessment

Confirmation of Recovery Plan

Notification of Confirmed Recovery Planand Request for Budget

Budget Compilation(Local Government)

Execution of Recovery Plan

Establishing Recovery Plan

Preliminary Actions (Evacuation, etc.) Response Action (Rescuing and assisting victims, providing emergency medical services, preventing epidemics, etc.) Disaster Status Report

Aggregate damages of affected areas Support emergency rescue activities

Supervise nationwide disaster statuses Support emergency rescue activities Aggregating damage assessments Formulating countermeasures

Regulations on Distribution of Disaster & Recovery Costs

Approval of President

Deliberation of the Cabinet Council

Dispatching Central Investigation Team (Large Damaged Areas or Structures) Estimating Damages by Local Government (Small Damaged Areas or Structures)

Related Ministries and Offices

Preliminary consultations with Ministry of Planning and Budget

BudgetAllocation

Establishing the Recovery Budget Plan(Ministry of Planning and Budget)

3) Damage Assessment & Recovery Planning Flowchart3) Damage Assessment & Recovery Planning Flowchart

2 Disaster Response System2 Disaster Response System

Assistant Minister in Charge

Minister

Vice MinsterAssistant Minister

RoadResponse

Team

RiverResponse

Team

EarthquakeResponse

Team

Surface Transportatio

n Team

Building & Housing

Team

Air Transportati

on Team

Responsible divisions under each Responsible divisions under each teamteam

Road : Road Environment Division (floods)

River : Rivers : River Management Division Dam, Metropolitan & Industrial Water Supply : Water Resources Development Division

Earthquake : Safety Policy Division

Road : Road Environment Division (floods)

River : Rivers : River Management Division Dam, Metropolitan & Industrial Water Supply : Water Resources Development Division

Earthquake : Safety Policy Division

Surface Transportation : Transportation Policy Division Railroads : Railroad Policy Division Subways : Urban Railroad Division Express Buses : Transportation Industry Policy Div.

Building & Housing : Housing Welfare Division

Air Transportation : Air Transport Policy Division

Surface Transportation : Transportation Policy Division Railroads : Railroad Policy Division Subways : Urban Railroad Division Express Buses : Transportation Industry Policy Div.

Building & Housing : Housing Welfare Division

Air Transportation : Air Transport Policy Division

4) Disaster Response System at MOCT4) Disaster Response System at MOCT

2 Disaster Response System2 Disaster Response System

IncidentOccurrence

ReceiptReceipt RecoveryRecoveryReportingReporting

Road Patrol

Field Investigation

DamageScale

No action taken

Highway Maintenance Service

Serious

Local Police Station

Request traffic control

Formulate Recovery Plan

Highway Maintenance Service

Light No

Yes

Highway Maintenance Service

Regional ConstructionManagement Office

Local Government

MOGAHA

Central Disaster Prevention &Countermeasures Headquarter

2nd Field Investigation(Request necessary equipment and manpower

MOCT

Road Environment Div.

5) Flowchart of disaster response system for road damages5) Flowchart of disaster response system for road damages

Damage status reported

Damage status reported

Incident called in

TemporaryRecovery?

2 Disaster Response System2 Disaster Response System

Recommendations for reducing damages - Carry out strict inspection and maintenance of vulnerable areas in advance - Establish prompt response system by conducting disaster drills, etc. - Reinforce/improve design standards so that roads can better withstand disasters

Build support system using resources of unaffected nearby areas - Establish a mutual assistance system for neighboring areas to enable unaffected areas to promptly come to the rescue and assistance of damaged areas using their resources such as emergency equipment and human resources

Plan in advance for detour routes to ensure access to and from areas struck by disasters

Recommendations for reducing damages - Carry out strict inspection and maintenance of vulnerable areas in advance - Establish prompt response system by conducting disaster drills, etc. - Reinforce/improve design standards so that roads can better withstand disasters

Build support system using resources of unaffected nearby areas - Establish a mutual assistance system for neighboring areas to enable unaffected areas to promptly come to the rescue and assistance of damaged areas using their resources such as emergency equipment and human resources

Plan in advance for detour routes to ensure access to and from areas struck by disasters

6) Damage Reduction Strategies6) Damage Reduction Strategies

2 Disaster Response System2 Disaster Response System