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Page 1: Seite 1 Designation of HMWBs. Seite 2 WHAT ARE HMWBs? Definition in Art. 2 (9) means a body of surface water which as a result of physical alterations

Seite 1

Designation of HMWBs

Page 2: Seite 1 Designation of HMWBs. Seite 2 WHAT ARE HMWBs? Definition in Art. 2 (9) means a body of surface water which as a result of physical alterations

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WHAT ARE HMWBs?WHAT ARE HMWBs?

Definition in Art. 2 (9)

means a body of surface water which as a result of physical alterations by human activity is substantially changed in character, as designated by the Member State in accordance with the provisions of Annex II.

Substantially changed:

Changes are - extensive/widespread and profound

- permanent, not temporary or intermittent

- not hydrological changes alone, only in case of additional morphological alterations

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Substantially changed in character:Substantially changed in character:Change of water type, change of catagory Change of water type, change of catagory

No - flow deficite (no ecological mimimum flow) due to water abstraction (results in hydrological and morphological alterations, but they are not widespread and not permanent – can changed solved easily by increasing residual flow - see HMWB Guidance!)

YES- Significant morophological alterations (hydromorphological class 4 or 5)

- impoundments, reservoirs- continuity disruption- flow alterations due to hydropeaking (results in hydrological and morphological alterations, which are profound and widespread)

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WHAT ARE HMWBs?WHAT ARE HMWBs?

Requirements in Art. 4.3

4 requirements have to be fulfilled simultaneously

– Water body is failing “good ecological status” with high confidence – and– physical alterations by human activity lead to a change in character and

make it impossible to achieve the good ecological status– and

changes (hydromorphological measures) needed to achieve the goal would have significant adverse effects on specific uses / the wider environment

– and

other environmental options to serve the same objectives are technically unfeasible and/or disproportionately costly

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HMWB designation test according to Art. 4 (3) - HMWB designation test according to Art. 4 (3) - Flow chartFlow chart

Do the measures required for achieving good status have significant impact on the specific use(s) / the wider

environment?

Step 1Significantadverse effect

Natural water body

yes no

Heavily Modified Water Body

Are alternatives significantly better environmental options?

Can we identify technically feasible alternatives?

Are costs of alternatives disproportionate?

Step 2Comparison with alternatives

Natural water bodyno

yes

yes

yes

no

no

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Designation Process -Designation Process -Questions to be answeredQuestions to be answered

1 1 ) What are the necessary measures to achieve GES?

2) What would be the adverse effects of those necessary measures ? Which are significant?

e.g. losses of important services (flood protection, navigation, recreation,…) - losses of production (e.g. energy production) - economic aspects (level of income, cost-effectiveness, …) - social aspects (employment, abandon of domiciles,…)

not relevant - “ability to pay” - disproportionate costs relevant for applying exemptions even for HMWBs

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Which of the alternatives are not Which of the alternatives are not disproportionate costlydisproportionate costly?

Alternatives with regard to the use/service which is responsible for the significant hydromorphological alteration For example: replacing the hydropower production by other renewable energy

Disproportion of costs is to be considered with regards to:

- scale for funding: local, regional, national...?

- ability to pay and income at funding scale

- funding sources: price of water, taxes, subsidies, combination of several sources...? etc.

- duration of the planned period of payment, etc.

scaling !

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HMWB designationHMWB designation

Austrian situation and approach

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Significant pressures & impactsSignificant pressures & impactsHydromorphologyHydromorphology

Identified main DRIVERS:

a) Hydropower

b) Flood protection

c) Navigation

d) Urban development

e) (Agriculture)

Identified main PRESSURES interruptions of river continuity - (migration barriers) (a,b,) morphological alterations (a,b,c,d,e) impoundment (a) water diversion /abstraction(a, (e)) hydro peaking (a)

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Conclusions of risk assessmentConclusions of risk assessment

• disruption of river continuity fish passes, ramps

• altered flows ecological minimum flows

• channelisation, bank fixations restructuring

Local:• Flow/ water level fluctuations balance reservoirs,

due to hydropeaking discharge into next large river

Main deficits in Hydromorphology measures

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Which problems might occur?Which problems might occur?

WFD compliant biological assessment methods (sensitive for hydromorpho-

logical pressures) do not yet exist -> no possibility to assess water status with

high confidence.

In that case results of risk assessment or other information will be used for

classifying water status – that would mean that status assessment is with

low confidence (not relevant for Austria)

Monitoring results are not yet available for all water bodies provisionally identified

as HMWB now due to time constraints;

In that case results of risk assessment will be used for classifying water status –

that would mean that status assessment is with low confidence

(relevant for Austria)

Lack on detailed information on water body level necessary for final designation

(measures needed to a achieve GES, economic analysis)

(relevant for Austria in some cases)

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Water body cannot be designated as HMWB now,

but maybe at a later stage, when the failing of good ecological status

(good status of biological elements assessed with WFD compliant method!) is proved with high confidence!

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Definition of measures which are needed to Definition of measures which are needed to achieve good ecological statusachieve good ecological status

measures (including information on their biological effectiveness) are listed

in the „Catalogue of measures – Hydromorphology

For example:

Measures to restore biological continuity: BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS (+, ++, ++

+)

Removal of barrier +++ fish migration aid ++

technical fish pass ++ near natural bypass river ++

reconstruction to a ramp +++ catch and carry - only provisional, but no sustainable solution

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Disruption of continuity - Barriers due to hydropower or flood defense

Only in case

- hydropower barriers > 20 m - Series of barriers for flood defense in high mountainous areas

(No solutions for fish migration aids which can guarantee ecological functioning. Only solution is to remove barrier, but this would mean that energy production, protection from floods is not possible anymore!)

If there is a technical possibility to build fish migration aids or reconstruct

barriers as ramps – this would not mean a significant impact on the use!! (it is only a matter of costs) no designation as HMWB

Designation of HMWB (2)

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Comprehensive clear arguments will be given

in a special paper added to the (draft) river basin

management plan

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Documentation – Designation of HMWBDocumentation – Designation of HMWB

Water body

Changed

in chara

cter

Measures to achieve GES would have significant impacts on ..* Better environm

ental option do exist

Wider environe

mnt

Electricity pro

duction

Agriculture

Flood defense

Infra-structure, settle

men

ts

Navigation

Tourism

/ recreation

Water sup

ply

others

10045 x x x

10046 x x x*

** in case of yes, designation of HMWB is not possible!

Precondition: Good ecological status of water body is failed with high confidence and water body is substantially changed in character

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Provisional identification of artificial and heavily modified water bodies

% of total number of water bodies % of total length of water bodies

Natural WbtDecision not posible now

Prov. Identified HMWBt artificial

Natuaral wb

Decision not possible now

Prov. Identified

HMWB artificial

International river basin  

Rhine 50 24 26 3 46 22 31 5

Elbe 63 22 15 0 41 36 23 0

Danube 67 13 17 1 47 20 31 1

   

Austria total 66 13 18 1 47 20 31 1

Rivers > 10 km2

> 100 km2 18 37 44 1

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Additional information if needed

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possible impacts of restoration measures possible impacts of restoration measures on specific uses (1)on specific uses (1)

Wider environment

-Gefährdung von Natura 2000 Gebieten

-Gefährdung von int. Schutzgebieten (RAMSAR, Nationalpark, usw.)

-Gefährdung von ausgewiesenen archäologischen Gütern bzw. /Kulturgütern

-Freisetzung von gefährlichen Stoffen

SPECIFIC USES

Agriculture

-Reduktion / Verlust der Bewässerungsmöglichkeit

-Reduktion der landwirtschaftlichen Produktionsfläche

-Veränderung der Produktionsbedingungen durch zunehmende Feuchte

Navigation

-Reduktion/Aufgabe der Güterschifffahrt

-Reduktion/Aufgabe der Personen/Tourismusschifffahrt

Recreation/ Tourism

-Verlust/Reduktion von Badestellen

-Verlust/Reduktion von Wassersportmöglichkeiten (z.B. Surfen, Segeln, Paddeln)

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Electricity production

-Verlust/Reduktion der Stromproduktion (über die jährlichen Schwankungsbreite hinaus)

-Verlust/Reduktion der Spitzenstromerzeugung

-Verlust an Regel- und Reserveleistung

-Reduktion der regionalen/nationalen Versorgungssicherheit

Water supply

-Reduktion/Verlust der Trinkwasserversorgung

-Verschlechterung der Trinkwasserqualität

-Erhöhung der Versorgungskosten

-Reduktion der Versorgungssicherheit

Infrastructure

-Verlegung von Verkehrswegen

Flood defense

-Zunahme des Hochwasserrisikos in umliegenden Gebieten

-Wertverlust von Immobilien

-Umsiedelung von Betrieben und Haushalten

Other sustainable developments

possible impacts of restoration measures possible impacts of restoration measures on specific uses (2)on specific uses (2)

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Beseitigung eines Gewässeraufstaus zur Energiegewinnung: diese Staue werden als erheblich verändert ausgewiesen.

Ein Stau verändert nachhaltig den Fließcharakter des Gewässers und bedeutet einen Typ- bzw. Kategoriewechsel. Die Herstellung des Fließcharakters kann nur durch Auflösung des Staus/ Entfernen der Staumauer erreicht werden. Damit wäre keine Stromproduktion mehr möglich und damit eine signifikante Auswirkung auf die Nutzung gegeben. Unter Berücksichtigung des hohen Anteils der Wasserkraft an der österreichischen Stromproduktion muss des Weiteren davon ausgegangen werden, dass eine Strommenge in der Größenordnung von 24.000 GWh, die durch Laufkraftwerke erzeugt wird, weder durch andere erneuerbare Energiequellen - als bessere Umweltoption - ersetzt werden kann, noch durch Stromsparen ausgeglichen werden könnte.

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Eingriff in Betriebsweise der Spitzenstromerzeugung zur Schwallreduktion: die betroffenen Schwallstrecken werden als erheblich verändert ausgewiesen.Wenn keine anderweitige Rückmeldung vom LH kommt, geht das BMLFUW davon aus, dass der gute Zustand nicht durch den Bau eines ausreichenden Ausgleichsbeckens oder Einleitung des Schwalls in eine größeres Gewässer herstellbar ist und daher nur durch Änderung der Betriebsweise mit signifikanter Auswirkung auf die Nutzung erreichbar ist.. Die Änderung der Betriebsweise würde grundsätzlich eine bedeutende Reduktion der Spitzenstromproduktion sowie eine bedeutende Reduktion der Regel- und Reserveleistung mit sich bringen, die nicht nur für die Energiewirtschaft sondern für die Sicherheit der österreichischen Stromversorgung von wesentlicher Bedeutung ist. Bei der Spitzenstromproduktion gibt es keine „erneuerbare Energiequelle“ – und somit auch keine bessere Umweltoption - außerhalb der Wasserkraft, die eine vergleichbare Menge an „peak load“ als auch Reserve- und Regelleistungen produzieren könnte.

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Restwasserstrecken im Zusammenhang mit Spitzenstromerzeugung

Bei- bzw. Überleitungen zu Speichern sowie die Ausleitungsstrecken unterhalb des Speichers werden als erheblich verändert ausgewiesen, weil davon ausgegangen wird, dass die Erhöhung der Restwassermenge zur Erreichung des guten Zustands signifikante Auswirkungen auf die Spitzenstromerzeugung sowie Regel- und Reserveleistung hätte. Eine bessere Umweltoption zur Spitzenstromerzeugung ist nicht gegeben (s.o.).

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Aufgabe der Nutzung als Speichersee

Eine signifikante Auswirkung auf Wasserkraft/E-Wirtschaft ist gegeben. Damit wäre keine Spitzenstromproduktion mehr möglich und Österreich würden wesentliche Regel- und Reserveleistungen fehlen. Eine bessere Umweltoption zur Spitzenstromerzeugung ist nicht gegeben (s.o.)

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Änderungen der Morphologie im Siedlungsgebiet: morphologisch veränderte Gewässerstrecken im Siedlungsgebiet werden als erheblich verändert ausgewiesen.

Es wird davon ausgegangen, dass Maßnahmen signifikante Auswirkungen auf Hochwasserschutz und/oder Infrastruktur hätten.

Änderungen der Morphologie, durch die die Schifffahrt beeinträchtigt würde, sind signifikante Auswirkungen auf die Nutzung, wobei davon ausgegangen wird, dass es keine bessere Umweltoption gibt.

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Änderungen der Morphologie außerhalb des Siedlungsgebietes, wenn durch diese Änderungen Auswirkungen auf Infrastruktur, Hochwasserschutz von Siedlungen unterhalb des Wasserkörpers, die landwirtschaftliche Produktion gegeben sind.

Ob diese Kriterien zutreffen lässt sich nur anhand der Kenntnisse der lokalen Begebenheiten klären.

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Das Entfernen von Querbauwerken zur Beseitigung von Wanderhindernissen, die energiewirtschaftlich genutzt sind oder dem Hochwasserschutz dienen, stellt eine signifikante Auswirkung auf die Nutzung dar. Bei Wanderhindernissen > 20 m (in Zusammenhang mit Speichern zur Energiegewinnung) wäre die Entfernung des Querbauwerkes die einzige Möglichkeit, die Durchgängigkeit wiederherzustellen, da andere Maßnahmen wie z.B. die Errichtung eines Fischaufstieges üblicherweise keinen ökologischen Erfolg erwarten lassen. Damit wäre keine (Spitzen-)Stromproduktion mehr möglich und somit ist von einer signifikanten Auswirkung auf die Energiewirtschaft ohne bessere Umweltoption auszugehen. Gleiches gilt auch für Serien von Geschiebesperren bzw. Sperrenstaffeln (das sind Bauwerke, bei dem mind. 5 Querbauwerke innerhalb von 100 m Fließstrecke errichtet wurden, um das Sohlgefälle durch Abtreppung zu verringern). Bei Entfernung dieser Bauwerke wäre der Hochwasserschutz nicht mehr gegeben. Allfällige Alternativen als bessere Umweltoptionen (wie z.B. umfangreiche bauliche Maßnahmen im Unterlauf) sind üblicherweise mit unverhältnismäßig hohen Kosten verbunden und werden daher als nicht gegeben angesehen. Wasserkörper im Fischlebensraum mit Querbauwerken > 20 m oder Sperrenstaffeln werden daher als erheblich verändert ausgewiesen.Es ist anzumerken, dass alle anderen Maßnahmen zur Herstellung der Durchgängigkeit wie die Errichtung von Fischwanderhilfen oder der Umbau eines Absturzbauwerkes zu einer Rampe keine signifikante Auswirkung auf die Nutzungen hat und daher nicht als alleiniges Kriterium für eine Ausweisung eines Wasserkörpers als „erheblich verändert“ herangezogen werden kann.

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Ersuchen an die Landeshauptleute zur Beantwortung folgender Fragestellungen:Welche Wasserkörper sind unter Anwendung der oben angeführten Kriterien im Wesen erheblich verändert?Bei welchen Wasserkörpern ist eine signifikante Auswirkung auf die Nutzung gegeben? Welchen Nutzungen sind betroffen?Ist eine bessere Umweltoption vorhanden, die technisch machbar und nicht unverhältnismäßig teuer ist?Insbesondere werden die Länder ersucht, jene Fälle zu prüfen, bei denen die Anwendung der Bund konkretisierten Kriterien mit erheblichen Unsicherheiten verbunden ist. Beispielsweise würden morphologisch veränderte Gewässer mit Einzugsgebiet <100km² außerhalb von Siedlungsgebieten nicht als HMWB ausgewiesen werden, wenn keine Rückmeldung durch das Land erfolgt.Die dafür vorgesehene Tabelle wäre vom Land zu befüllen.

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How to define

good ecological potential?

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Heavily modified water bodiesHeavily modified water bodies

Environmental objective: “good ecological potential” (means only a slight deviation from the maximum ecological potential)

Maximum ecological potential (reference condition)• relevant biological quality elements reflect, as far as possible, those associated with the closest comparable surface water body type

• all mitigation measures have been taken to ensure the best approximation to ecological continuum, in particular with respect to

- migration of fauna- and appropriate spawning and breeding grounds

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HMWB objectives HMWB objectives - Annex v WFD- Annex v WFD

Element Maximum ecological potential

Good ecological potential Moderate ecological potential

Biological quality elements

The values of the relevant biological quality elements reflect, as far as possible, those associated with the closest comparable surface water body type, given the physical conditions which result from the artificial or heavily modified characteristics of the water body.

There are slight changes in the values of the relevant biological quality elements as compared to the values found at maximum ecological potential.

There are moderate changes in the values of the relevant biological quality elements as compared to the values found at maximum ecological potential.These values are significantly more distorted than those found under good quality.

Hydro-morphologicalelements

The hydromorphological con-ditions are consistent with the only impacts on the surface water body being those resulting from the artificial or heavily modi-fied characteristics of the water body once all mitigation mea-sures have been taken to ensure the best approximation to eco-logical continuum, in particular with respect to migration of fauna and appropriate spawning and breeding grounds.

Conditions consistent with the achievement of the values specified above for the biological quality elements.

Conditions consistent with the achievement of the values specified above for the biological quality elements.

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Steps in defining GEP as described Steps in defining GEP as described in the HMWB- Guidance in the HMWB- Guidance

1. Estimate hydromorphological conditions if all mitigation measures were taken

2. Estimate physico-chemical conditions expected under MEP hydromorphological conditions

4. Estimate how BQE values at MEP might differ from those of closest comparable water body type

5. Identify values for biological quality elements at MEP

6. Estimate what a slight change in these values would be

3. Identify closest comparable natural water body type

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Definition of MEP and GEPDefinition of MEP and GEP

Identify all mitigation Identify all mitigation measures that do not measures that do not

have a significant have a significant adverse effectadverse effect

Define MEP by Define MEP by estimating the biological estimating the biological

values expected if all values expected if all mitigation measures mitigation measures

were takenwere taken

Exclude those mitigation Exclude those mitigation measures that, in measures that, in

combination, are only combination, are only predicted to deliver slight predicted to deliver slight ecological improvementecological improvement

GEP = the biological GEP = the biological values expected from values expected from taking the identified taking the identified mitigation measures mitigation measures

Identify all mitigation Identify all mitigation measures that do not measures that do not

have a significant have a significant adverse effect on the adverse effect on the

useuse

Define MEP by Define MEP by estimating the biological estimating the biological

values expected if all values expected if all mitigation measures mitigation measures

were takenwere taken

Define GEP as a slight Define GEP as a slight deviation from the deviation from the biological values biological values

estimated for MEP estimated for MEP

Identify mitigation measures needed to

support the achievement of GEP

Alternative approach (2006) HMWB-Guidance (2003)

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HMWB designation and status assessmentHMWB designation and status assessment

• Austria will also designate water bodies aas HMWb at a later stage in case that

the status assessment is not with high confidence now

• Austria will use the alternative approach for definition of GEP– Nevertheless a difficult issue, as detailed information is needed for each water

body, which is not available at this moment

• Most of the water bodies which will be designated now in the 1st river basin

management plan will be classified as failing „good ecological potential“

(status is worse than GEP) as usually each of those water bodies has at least to

restore continuity to achieve GEP; it also can be quoted that some morphological

improvements will be feasible without having significant impacts on uses.

• For many HMWb also the exemption Art. 4(4) –extension of deadlines will be applied in Austria

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Achievement of GEP in 2015 ? Achievement of GEP in 2015 ? - or to use an exemption- or to use an exemption

Identify the adverse ecological effects of the hydromorphological

modifications

Select the mitigation measures to achieve GEP that will not have a

significant adverse effect on the water use or on the wider environment

Is it technical feasible to implement these mitigation measures by 2012 without disproportionately expense?

Achieve GEP by

2015

Achieve GEP by 2021 or 2027 or achieve a less

stringent objective

Yes

No Identify what improvements can be made and by when

without disproportional costs

Identify the adverse ecological effects of the hydromorphological

modifications

Select the mitigation measures to achieve GEP that will not have a

significant adverse effect on the water use or on the wider environment

Is it technical feasible to implement these mitigation measures by 2012 without disproportionately expense?

Achieve GEP by

2015

Achieve GEP by 2021 or 2027 or achieve a less

stringent objective

Yes

No Identify what improvements can be made and by when

without disproportional costs