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Notes on the Contributors

Matthew B. Arbo (MTh, PhD, University of Edinburgh) serves as Assistant Professor of Christian Ethics at Midwestern Seminary, Kansas City, Missouri, where he lectures several courses, including Christian Ethics, Intro to Phi-losophy, Intro to the Humanities, Christian Political Thought, Research and Writing, and a seminar on St. Augustine. He has been published in Political Theology, Journal for the Society of Christian Ethics, Expository Times, and Scot-tish Bulletin of Evangelical Theology, among others, and has contributed to several essay collections on subjects ranging from contemporary medical eth-ics to theories of justice in the New Testament. His book, Political Vanity, was published by Fortress Press in 2015. Arbo has presented papers at the Evan-gelical Theological Society, Society for the Study of Christian Ethics, Temple-ton Foundation Workshops, and the Ethics and Social Theology Group of Tyndale House, Cambridge. His research interests range broadly in Christian ethics and political theology, especially Augustine, theories of political econ-omy, technological ethics, just war, philosophy of religion, and early modern intellectual history. Before arriving at Midwestern, Arbo served as a tutor and part-time lecturer in Christian Ethics at the University of Edinburgh.

Malcolm Brown is Director of Mission and Public Affairs for the Archbish-ops’ Council of the Church of England. He leads a team responsible for the church’s work on ethics, engagement with Parliament, mission and evan-gelism, chaplaincy, and community action. He has been a parish priest in urban and rural ministry, and an industrial missioner. From 1991 to 2000, he was Executive Secretary of the William Temple Foundation in Manchester, a think tank for the churches’ engagement with economic issues and urban communities. From 2000 to 2007, he was Principal of the Eastern Region Ministry Course. He has taught ethics and practical theology in a number of institutions and his main research interest is in Christian ethics and the market economy. He is the author of numerous academic articles and several

Notes on the Contributors262

books, including After the Market (Peter Lang, 2004), The Church and Eco-nomic Life (Epworth, 2006, co-authored with Paul Ballard), and Tensions in Christian Ethics (SPCK, 2010). He recently edited and contributed to a col-lection of essays entitled Anglican Social Theology (Church House Publishing, 2014).

Mark Chapman is Vice Principal of Ripon College at Cuddesdon, Reader in Modern Theology at the University of Oxford, and Professor at Oxford Brookes University. He has written widely in church history and theology, as well as in politics and public policy. He is the author of many books, includ-ing Blair’s Britain: A Christian Critique (DLT, 2005) and Doing God: Religion and Public Policy in Brown’s Britain (DLT 2008). His most recent books are Anglican Theology (Bloomsbury, 2012) and The Fantasy of Reunion: Anglicans, Catholics and Ecumenism, 1833–1880 (Oxford University Press, 2014).

Sean Doherty is Director of Studies and Tutor in Ethics at St. Mellitus Col-lege. His publications include Theology and Economic Ethics: Martin Luther and Arthur Rich in Dialogue (Oxford University Press, 2014) and The Only Way Is Ethics (Authentic, 2015). He is a member and former secretary of the Grove Ethics group and has contributed a booklet on medical ethics to the series. He is married to Gaby, with whom he has four children, and in his “spare” time, he is Associate Minister at a church plant in an inner-city hous-ing estate in London.

Andy Hartropp is an economist and theologian. He has a PhD in Eco-nomics from the University of Southampton and a PhD in Christian Ethics from Kings College, London. He lectured in Economics at Ealing College of Higher Education, London, and then in Financial Economics for 5 years at Brunel University. Subsequently, he trained for ordained ministry in the Church of England and was in parish ministry for 14 years. Since 2008, he has worked at the Oxford Centre for Mission Studies, where he now holds the Sundo Kim Chair of Mission and Economics. He is married to Claire and has four grown-up children.

Donald Hay taught and researched in the Department of Economics and Jesus College, University of Oxford, from 1970 to 2000, and was then the first Head (“Dean”) of the Division of Social Sciences in the University until 2005. He conducted research in Brazil, China, and the United Kingdom in the field of empirical industrial economics. Among his publications was an advanced textbook, Industrial Economics and Organization: Theory and Evi-dence (Oxford University Press, 1991), co-authored with Derek Morris. He has had a long-term interest in the relationship between economic analysis and a Christian understanding of human society and published Econom-ics Today: A Christian Critique (Apollos and Eerdmans, 1989). Recently in

Notes on the Contributors 263

this field, he has worked on climate change, the economics of marriage and divorce, the financial crisis, and using Christian understandings of human nature as the basis for economic modelling. He is a member of St. Andrews church in North Oxford, and a Licensed Lay Minister.

Andrew Henley is Professor of Entrepreneurship and Regional Economic Development at Aberystwyth University, Wales, UK. He is a member of the UK Economic and Social Research Council (ESRC) Methods and Infrastruc-ture Committee, and a member of the Scientific Advisory Committee of the UK Household Longitudinal Survey (formerly the British Household Panel Survey). Between 2002 and 2012, he served an independent advisor on eco-nomic research to the First Minister of the Welsh Government. He holds a BA from the University of Nottingham and an MA and PhD from the University of Warwick. He has held previous appointments at the universities of Kent and Swansea. His current research interests are in the economics of entrepreneurship and self-employment, informal employment, regional eco-nomic development and labor-market performance, and on the relationship between housing and labor markets. He has published in Journal of the Euro-pean Economic Association, Economic Journal, Economica, Regional Science and Urban Economics, Journal of Development Studies, Small Business Economics, Oxford Bulletin of Economics, and Statistics and World Development, as well as in a number of leading entrepreneurship research journals.

Jeremy Kidwell is a post-doctoral research fellow at the University of Edin-burgh. His doctoral research produced an ecological theology of craft, devel-oped in conversation with ancient accounts of craft work and contemporary writing on work and design and will be published next year as From Taber-nacle to Eucharist: The Theology of Craft and the Craft of Worship (Ashgate). This study offered a meeting place for several research interests: ecological ethics, theological approaches to labor and the philosophy of technology, and rehabilitating theological attention to all things “domestic.” He is cur-rently involved in an interdisciplinary research project titled “Caring For the Future Through Ancestral Time.” Prior to his academic work, Jeremy worked as an engineer and as a trainer in telecommunications and informa-tion technology, and he continues to provide consulting services on network security, infrastructure, and the use of information technology in teaching and learning.

Gordon Menzies, born in Melbourne, studied at the University of New England before going on to work at the Reserve Bank of Australia. He is an Associate Professor in economics at the University of Technology, Sydney. Gordon holds a Masters from the Australian National University, where he won the Robert Jones prize, and he was a Commonwealth Scholar at Oxford University, gaining his DPhil in 2001. He began working with Donald Hay,

Notes on the Contributors264

his former supervisor at Oxford, on Christianity and Economics in the years following his doctorate.

Oliver O’Donovan, born in 1945 in London and educated in London, Oxford, and Princeton, was ordained an Anglican priest in Oxford in 1973. He held teaching posts at Wycliffe Hall, Oxford (1972), and Wycliffe Col-lege, Toronto (1977), before becoming Regius Professor of Moral & Pastoral Theology at Oxford and Canon of Christ Church (1982), and later Professor of Christian Ethics & Practical Theology at Edinburgh (2006–2012). His major writings on ethics and political theology are Resurrection and Moral Order (1986), The Desire of the Nations (1996), The Ways of Judgment (2005), and most recently (2013–2014), Self, World and Time and Finding and Seek-ing, the first two of the three projected volumes of Ethics as Theology. In addition, he has published nearly a dozen other volumes on a range of moral issues and the history of Western thought. He has contributed to commis-sions and working parties of the Church of England and is currently a mem-ber of its Faith and Order Council. For six years (1985–1990) he served as a member of the Second Anglican-Roman Catholic International Commission and was a Visiting Professor in the Faculty of Philosophy at the Gregorian University of Rome in 2001. He is a past President of the Society for the Study of Christian Ethics, a Fellow of the British Academy, a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh since 2009, a Senior Honorary Research Fellow of the Kirby Laing Institute in Cambridge since 2012, and an Honorary Professor of the University of St. Andrews since 2013. The O’Donovans were married in 1978 and have two sons.

Martyn Percy is the Dean of Christ Church, Oxford. He was previously Principal of Ripon College at Cuddesdon, Oxford. He is also a Professor of Theological Education at King’s College London and an Honorary Canon of Salisbury Cathedral. He has served as a Director the Advertising Standards Authority and at the Portman Group as an Independent Adjudicator. He is currently a Commissioner for the Direct Marketing Authority and an Advi-sor to the British Board of Film Classification. His books include Clergy: The Origin of Species (2006) and a trilogy on ecclesiology with Ashgate—Engaging Contemporary Culture: Christianity and the Concrete Church (2006), Shap-ing the Church: The Promise of Implicit Theology (2010), and The Ecclesial Canopy: Faith, Hope, Charity (2012). His recent work includes Anglicanism: Confidence, Commitment and Communion (Ashgate, 2013) and Thirty-Nine Articles: Preaching and Proclaiming the Faith of the Church (SCM, 2013).

Michael G. Pollitt is Professor of Business Economics at the Judge Business School, University of Cambridge. He is an Assistant Director of the Energy Policy Research Group (EPRG). Michael is a Fellow and Director of Stud-ies in Economics and Management at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge.

Notes on the Contributors 265

From 2001 to 2005, Michael was co-leader of the Cambridge-MIT Electric-ity Project and served as founding Executive Director of the EPRG in 2005 and 2006. Michael is an economist with particular interests in the efficiency and regulation of network utilities. He has published 9 books and over 60 refereed journal articles on efficiency analysis, energy policy, and business ethics. He is the first coach of the Energy and Environment concentration on the Judge’s MBA. Since 2000, he has been convenor of the Association of Christian Economists, UK.

Eve Poole is Associate Faculty at Ashridge Business School and an Associate Research Fellow of the William Temple Foundation. She teaches leadersmith-ing, neuro-leadership, and ethics. Her research areas are in the neurobiol-ogy of learning and in theology and capitalism. She has a BA in Theology from Durham University, an MBA from Edinburgh University, and a PhD in Capitalism and Theology from Cambridge University. She has written three books: Capitalism’s Toxic Assumptions (2015), The Church on Capital-ism (2010), and Ethical Leadership (ed. with Carla Millar, 2010). Her first career was with the Church Commissioners. After completing her MBA, she worked for Deloitte Consulting, where she specialized in change manage-ment in the financial services industry. Eve chairs Faith in Business at Ridley Hall in Cambridge, and the Board of Governors at Gordonstoun.

Nicholas Townsend, after initial study of economics and politics, worked in the private sector and as Head of Office for a Member of Parliament. Since completing postgraduate study in Christian ethics and political thought, his work has included serving as Director of the Politics and Theology Pro-gramme, Sarum College, Salisbury, and as Tutor in Christian Doctrine and Ethics at the South-East Institute of Theological Education/University of Kent. Now freelance, he has written extensively on Catholic Social Teach-ing for the VPlater Project based at Newman University, Birmingham (www .virtualplater.org.uk), is reviews editor for Studies in Christian Ethics, and is a Visiting Scholar at Sarum College. He has contributed to the International Journal of Social Economics, Studies in Christian Ethics, and a number of edited volumes. He lives in Devon, UK.

Hans G. Ulrich, is Professor Emeritus for Theological Ethics, Institute of Systematic Theology, Theological Faculty, University Erlangen—Nuremberg (Germany). His main areas of research are in Biblical Ethics, Ethics and Hermeneutics, Bioethics, Economics and Ethics, Medical Ethics, and Politi-cal Ethics. He has served as president of the European Society for Ethics (Societas Ethica), as a member of working groups of the Evangelical Church in Germany (EKD), and on the advisory board McDonald Centre for Theol-ogy, Ethics & Public Life, Oxford, Cooperation with the Lutheran World Federation (2003–2005). He is a cofounder and member of the board of

Notes on the Contributors266

the Institute “Persönlichkeit und Ethik” (P&E), participates in “Kirchlicher Dienst in der Arbeitswelt” (KDA), and has served as member of the Ethics Committee of the University Medical Faculty, Erlangen. His publications include Wie Geschöpfe leben and Konturen evangelischer Ethik, (Ethik im the-ologischen Diskurs, Bd. 2), 2007.

Paul S. Williams is an economist and theologian. He is currently Research Professor of Marketplace Theology and Leadership at Regent College, Van-couver, Canada, where he previously headed up the Marketplace Institute and was the visionary behind ReFrame, a new film-based resource in sup-port of theological integration for missional engagement in all of life. He was formerly Chief Economist and Head of International Research for DTZ Holdings plc, an international real estate consulting and investment bank-ing group, and co-founded a still-thriving strategy consultancy in central London. Since 2008 he has been a Senior Fellow at Cardus, a think tank working for the renewal of North American social architecture. His recent publications include “Christianity and the Global Economic Order,” in The Oxford Handbook of Theology and Economics (Oxford University Press, 2014) and “Capitalism, Religion and the Economics of the Biblical Jubilee,” (Com-ment, July 2013).

Abelard, Peter, 49Absolute, the, 146, 148absolutism, 102, 152abstraction, 17, 25n.17, 146,

153, 229academy, the, 3, 53, 55, 59, 120,

166, 247accountability, 102accounting, 191Acemoglu, Daron, 178–9Adam, 193Adorno, Theodor, 172adventus, 174–5aesthetics, 79n.16, 189Afghanistan, 39Africa, 35, 45n.41Agamben, Giorgio, 168, 170–4, 177,

181n.10, 239–40The Kingdom and the Glory, 168

agriculture, 35–6, 133–4, 137, 141n.38, 226

Akerlof, George, 39, 120, 138, 195Alkire, S., 189Allen and Hicks, 184Allied Social Sciences Conference,

24n.5altruism, 120, 187, 191, 194,

197n.7, 201Alves, Ruben, 229ambition, 96, 178Ambrose, 129

amorality, 74, 179anarchy, 122Anglicanism, 5, 86, 241. See also

Church of Englandanimals, 160, 168, 224Anscombe, Elizabeth, 158anthropology, 159, 201anti-capitalism, 31, 37, 205, 208,

213, 228, 234, 243anti-liberalism, 69anti-pluralism, 76anti-Semitism. See under Judaismapartheid, 229Apple, 138Aquila, 141n.26Aquinas, Thomas, 50, 53, 117,

119, 200Arbo, Matthew, 6, 157–8, 160, 247Arendt, Hannah, 239Aristotle, 114–16, 119

Nicomachean Ethics, 115, 118Politics, 140n.14

Aristotelianism, 76, 110–11, 113–14, 117, 120, 122, 128, 200

asceticism, 132, 137–8Association of Christian Economists,

1, 26n.34, 27, 245associationalism, 75Athanasian Creed, 227Athens, 74Atherton, John, 83, 86

Index

Index268

atonement, 51Attlee, Clement, 65Atwood, Margaret

The Handmaid’s Tale, 225Augustine, 51, 53, 117, 128–30,

132–3, 140n.11, 225Augustinianism, 21, 200Australia, 18authoritarianism, 70, 76, 102, 147, 201authority, 50, 93, 99–101, 104,

175, 225moral, 109, 200political, 128

autonomy, 191, 233

Bacevich, Andrew, 215n.3balance, 132, 138, 165Baldwin, Stanley, 227banking industry, 122, 208–209,

216n.34, 232, 243–4banks, 11, 208, 216n.34, 230–2,

243–4baptism, 222Barclays, 29bargaining, 185Barth, Karl, 145–6, 148–9, 153,

154n.11, 155nn.16 and 19Basil, 129Bauckham, Richard, 161Becker, G., 184–5, 194, 197n.7behaviour, 16–17, 27, 29, 114–17,

120, 186, 193, 195–6, 246–7cooperative, 187economic, 109–15, 117–21, 123,

158–9, 184, 186–7, 192–3, 196 (see also rational economic man)

human, 84, 112, 115–17, 159, 184, 191–5, 201, 242, 246, 248

of individuals, 43, 109, 119, 121–2, 158, 184, 186–8, 194–5, 201, 203 (see also rationality; individual)

market, 189–90, 202 (see also market, the, behaviour of )

morally correct, 30, 115non-cooperative, 187rational self-interested, 13, 17,

112–14, 184, 187–8, 191 (see also rational economic man)

right, 43, 119–23, 247social, 87of theologians, 48

Being, 68–9belief, 49, 52–4, 58, 186, 232believers, 57, 59. See also unbelieversBelloc, Hilaire, 73–4

The Servile State, 74belonging, 74Benedict XVI (Pope), 11, 218n.49

Caritas in Veritate, 206, 218n.49Bentham, Jeremy, 87, 111,

183–4, 188betterment, 104, 106n.27, 158Bible, the, 33, 128, 160, 167, 235

authority of, 200hermeneutics of, 118imagery of, 56study of, 246See also New Testament; Old

Testament, Scripture“Big Society,” the, 69, 71Bildung, 74bios, 171–2Buber, Martin, 176Bush, George W., 200business, 159, 165, 179–80, 204,

209–14, 231, 242–4, 248attitudes towards, 129, 206, 209,

211, 248responsibility of, 215n.12, 233,

235, 248See also corporations

Blair, Tony, 71, 215n.16Blomberg, Craig, 13–15, 25nn.10

and 12

Index 269

Neither Poverty nor Riches: A Biblical Theology of Possessions, 13–14

Blond, Phillip, 67–72, 74–7, 79n.16, 87–8, 179, 240

Post-Secular Philosophy: Between Philosophy Theology, 68, 70

Bloomsbury Group, 74Blue Labour movement, 78n.12,

79n.33Boff, Leonardo, 229Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, 155n.19,

181n.29Ethics, 176

Bonino, José Miguez, 229Booth, William, 224bourgeois, the, 118, 145, 190. See also

class, middle/white collarBoston University, 215n.3Bradford and Bingley, 230Britain, 65, 71, 77, 107n.42, 202,

225–6, 228. See also England; United Kingdom; Wales

Britishness, 66, 76Britton, Andrew, 45n.29, 86Britton, Andrew and Peter Sedgwick,

38Economic Theory and Christian

Belief, 24n.5broadcasting, 35Brown, Gordon, 71–2, 76Brown, Malcolm, 5, 246Brown, Peter, 141n.40Brueggemann, W., 236Bruni, Luigino, 214, 218n.49buyers, 39

California, 212–13Calvin College, 19Calvin, John, 51, 225, 243Cambridge Platonism, 105n.5Cambridge University, 68, 215n.1Cameron, David, 69, 71Canada, 79n.22

Canterbury, archbishop of, 226, 229. See also Temple, William; Williams, Rowan

capital, 202–205, 207, 211, 214, 241

capitalism, 28, 113, 128, 143–5, 159–61, 165, 191, 200, 202–207, 210–11, 213–14, 215n.16, 218n.49, 225–6, 228, 231–2, 234–5, 243

analysis of, 6, 205–206, 228critiques of, 228, 231–3, 243defense of, 216n.32, 231, 235global, 40, 143, 235industrial, 202–203, 207laissez-faire, 67, 70, 199, 204, 210,

226, 228limits of, 230–1, 233, 243meaning of, 204–205, 207, 209,

211, 215n.12opposition to (see anti-capitalism)post-, 6, 211–14, 215n.13, 242–3

(see also under companies)problems of, 40, 145, 160, 165,

203, 205, 207–209, 213, 230

responsible, 214rise of, 230social divisions of, 66understanding/assessing, 200, 230,

232–3Weberian, 34

Cappadocians, 129Carlyle, Thomas, 72Carson, Don, 14Caterpillar, 35Catholic Social Teaching (CST), 191,

205–206, 208–209, 211, 216n.17

Compendium, 211Rerum Novarum, 190, 206

centralization, 67–8, 70Chaplin, Jonathan, 43n.1Chapman, Liz, 208–209, 216n.34

Index270

Chapman, Mark, 5, 86–7, 247Blair’s Britain, 71Doing God, 71

charity, 128, 135–8, 141n.26, 212, 235

Chartists, the, 225Chelmsford, Bishop of, 88n.3Chesterton, G. K., 73–4, 80n.60Chicago school, 86children, 33, 71, 185, 190, 193,

201, 221choice, 113, 184, 241

consumer, 34–5, 113, 184, 235individual, 33, 42, 158, 186–8,

191, 196public, 158rational (see rationality, and choice)social, 33

Christian Aid, 235Commission for Africa report,

45n.41Christianity, 66, 74, 76, 86, 116, 132,

134, 144, 160, 167–8, 172, 200, 203, 219, 224–5, 229, 234–6, 239, 243, 247

Catholicism, 72, 81n.64, 110, 125n.35, 192, 200, 203, 206, 218n.50, 226

early, 234, 247Medieval, 73, 76Protestantism, 72, 110, 117, 200,

203, 228, 243radical, 145, 228values of, 189, 194, 209, 220, 225,

227–8Christians, 52, 58, 78, 119, 137–8,

151, 161, 169, 220, 224, 235–6, 240

in the Ancient world, 128perspective of, 122, 158, 225–6,

233, 248Church of England, 11, 67, 75–6,

84, 87, 227, 229, 231Bishops of the, 31, 85, 227

General Synod of the, 28, 34, 60, 85–7

Private Member’s Motions (PMM), 86–7

See also AnglicanismChurch, the, 22, 53, 55, 57–61,

75, 86, 132, 141n.26, 161, 200, 219–24, 228–9, 233–6, 240, 247

activity of, 73, 174, 245criticism of, 86early, 116, 247Fathers of, 6, 119, 128–9, 135,

138–9, 241scholarship regarding, 81n.64,

140n.10intervention by, 84–5,

88, 225leaders of, 13, 15–16, 23,

60, 127, 141n.40, 248role of, 66, 84, 224, 226, 229spokespeople of, 84and the state, 174, 221,

224–5, 229Cicero, 131, 141n.20class, 140n.7, 141n.21, 228

conceptions of, 128lower/working, 70, 136middle/white collar, 136

(see also bourgeois)Clement of Alexandria, 50climate change, 123, 247Clinton, Bill, 215n.16Coakley, Sarah, 249n.6coal, 35Cobb, John, 52Cobbett, William, 72Cold War, the, 204–205, 207Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 221collaboration, 248colonialism, 30, 40commitment, 186, 190, 195,

208, 210commodification, 37, 232–3

Index 271

common good, the, 1, 4–6, 66, 77–8, 87, 99–100, 120, 137, 190, 214, 216n.17, 228–9, 231, 234

communication, 56, 190communism, 145, 200, 205, 208,

211, 226, 230, 234Communist regimes, 199communitarianism, 239community, 66, 71–2, 74–5, 77–8,

87, 101, 110, 121, 135, 144, 169, 188–9, 192, 194, 209, 213, 221–4, 226, 231, 233–6, 243–4, 248

companies, 28, 34, 231multinational, 36non-capitalist, 215n.13

benefit corporations, 212, 217n.45

community interest companies (CICs), 212

flexible purpose corporations (FPCs), 212–13, 217n.47

industrial and provident societies (IPSs), 212

low-profit, limited liability companies (L3Cs), 212

comparative advantage, 41competition, 30, 32, 39, 42,

75, 174monopolistic, 16perfect, 16, 38

Cone, James, 229consequentialism, 112, 115Conservative Party (UK), 67, 71, 85.

See also Toriesconservatism, 50, 67, 73–5, 83,

88, 234Christian, 227–8

Constantine (emperor), 223–4consumerism, 34, 236consumers, 17, 27, 34, 75, 235

preferences of, 19, 113, 184consumption, 33–4, 191

contract, 183, 186. See also law, contract

conversion, 51cooperation, 75, 120–1, 187, 231,

242, 248corporate social responsibility (CSR),

27, 180, 235, 248corporations, 166, 178, 180, 213.

See also business; companiescorruption, 32, 34cost benefit analysis, 194craftspeople, 204creation, 51, 123, 151, 240creativity, 119, 121, 211crises

financial, 1, 175of 1929, 249n.1of 2007 and 2008, 11–12,

24n.3, 28–9, 33, 122, 200, 214, 216n.34

moral, 1, 122Cuba, 39culture, 17, 48–52, 77, 188, 191,

240, 243Christian, 74, 243global, 54left-wing, 88

customers, 209–10, 213, 216n.34, 244

Cynics, the, 130

Darwinism, 38, 200David Colwell Furniture

Design, 204Davis, Philip, 24n.3debt, 208

counselling, 235forgiveness of, 36

decisions, 43n.8, 109, 241defense, 98democracy, 40, 49, 67, 101, 131, 149,

191, 230, 234, 240deontology, 119, 123deregulation, 67, 231

Index272

Descartes, René, 200desire, 201, 203, 233details, 19, 23, 25n.17developing countries, 32, 40, 236Dickens, Charles

Hard Times, 202dignity, 206–207, 227, 229, 235dikaiosuné, 118disability, 243discourse, 159, 200

political (see under politics)theological (see under theology)

Disraeli, Benjamin, 65–7, 69, 72–3, 76

“Young England” trilogy, 65–6, 69Coningsby, 65Sybil, 66, 73Tancred, 66

distribution, 31, 33–4, 41–2, 87, 242distributism, 73–4, 81n.64, 87Divine, the, 50, 94, 104, 135, 148,

168, 245mystery of, 48

divorce, 144, 150, 185, 193–4doctrine, 4, 58, 200Doherty, Sean, 6, 43n.1, 157, 160doxy, 55–6dreams, 58dualism, 51Dulles, Avery, 48Duns Scotus, 68Durkheim, Émile, 72

economic activity, 30, 111, 120–2, 129, 149, 178, 211, 242

economic agents, 109, 112, 114, 117–18, 122, 158–9, 191, 241–2. See also rationality, individual

economic analysis, 1, 16–17, 28–9, 31, 42, 111, 115, 119, 122, 138, 184–5, 190–1, 194, 196, 240

economic development, 33, 42, 189, 192

economic growth, 165, 230, 240economic interests, 102economic life, 16, 22–3, 40, 104,

118, 120, 136–7, 158, 160, 170, 178, 210, 227, 240

economic models, 159, 168, 184, 193, 196, 198n.32, 241–2, 246

utilitarian, 121, 123economic outcomes, 28, 84,

104, 109economic practice, 69, 160, 178economic relations, 208economic structures, 14, 20, 34, 68,

137, 144, 147–8, 153, 208, 240–1

economic systems, 42, 123, 137–8, 147–8, 155n.19, 160, 165–6, 170, 178, 227, 232, 240–1

economic theory, 6, 16–17, 38–9, 43n.8, 86, 94, 104, 123, 158–9, 165, 184–6, 188, 192, 201

economic thought, 3, 37, 68, 86, 138, 145–6, 158–9, 165, 184, 200, 218n.50, 230, 241–2, 246–7

economic value, 37–8, 233economics, 4–5, 58, 78, 86, 100,

119–20, 169–70, 211, 216n.17, 222, 232–3, 239–41, 247–8

apparatus of, 28aspects of, 39behavioural, 27, 33Christian, 27, 143–5, 161classical, 111, 114, 122, 201,

207, 240concern with, 131contemporary, 110, 112,

158–60, 241critiques of, 37, 115, 165–6, 186,

207–208, 230, 233, 236, 242, 245, 249n.1

forces of, 104

Index 273

insights of, 85institutional, 27laws of, 42macro (see macroeconomics)mainstream, 17, 158matters of, 15micro (see microeconomics)nature of, 25n.13, 43n.8, 84, 86,

104, 120, 158, 165–6, 199, 241–2, 244–6

neo-classical, 27–8, 38, 87, 110–14, 119, 122, 158–9, 242, 246

notion of, 6objectives of, 212paradigms of, 28philosophy of, 232and policy, 60, 122–3principles of, 183–4right-wing, 88socialist, 74teaching of, 109trickle-down, 241understanding of, 12, 114–15, 145,

158, 165, 180, 186, 189, 193, 200, 230, 232, 241–2, 245–6

as not value-free, 166, 232virtue-based approach to, 122–3welfare, 191

Economics Today, 144economies (types of )

alternative, 22capitalist, 113, 128, 160, 191exchange, 39, 202gift, 38household, 239, 242–3local, 178, 240market, 19, 22, 39, 113, 158,

189–90, 202, 205, 209–11, 214, 218n.49, 232

negativity about, 31, 213, 231–3

modern, 128, 160successful, 36

economismerror of, 207–208

economists, 3, 15–16, 24n.5, 40, 42, 84, 139, 160, 214, 245–6, 249n.1

Christian, 12–14, 18–23, 24n.5, 34, 42, 57, 118, 125n.42, 161, 245

claims of, 25n.13classical, 88ideas of, 13, 112–13, 158non-Christian, 42

economy, the, 16, 33–4, 114, 166–9, 175, 177–9, 228, 245

of the Ancient world, 140n.5booming of, 228civil, 179, 218n.49conceptions of, 128, 165,

168–9, 178global, 143, 230, 235

expansion of the, 12God’s, 168–9, 171–2, 175–7

(see also God, gift economy of; oikonomia)

governance of, 165–7, 169, 171, 178–80, 242

human, 168–9, 171–2, 175–7limits of, 177–8, 180real, 242rebuilding, 211reforming, 22, 149, 240regulation of, 33, 122, 178, 231sectors of, 28understanding of, 180

Eden, Anthony, 67Edgeworth, F. Y., 183Edict of Milan, (313) 223–4education, 35, 40, 60, 74, 123, 188,

190, 192, 224, 227, 232, 235Edwardian period, 72efficiency, 34–5, 41–2, 138egoism, 112, 191, 243ekklesia, 221election, 243

Index274

embarrassment, 96Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 49empathy, 105n.6employers, 243–4employment, 185, 227, 235empowerment, 230energy, 123

renewable, 123engagement, 14–15, 23–4Engels, Friedrich, 232England, 66, 77, 227, 241

Civil War, 201See also Britain; United Kingdom

Enlightenment, the, 107n.41, 109–11, 114, 122, 183, 201, 243

post-, 120Enron, 29environment, the, 123, 166, 178,

213, 235degradation of, 28–30, 247impacts upon, 212use of, 41See also climate change

Epicureanism, 95epistemology, 3, 56, 84Epistle for Diognetus, 219equality, 191, 224, 235, 243equilibrium, 36, 45n.42, 138. See also

Nash equilibriumeschatology, 117, 145–7, 156n.30,

160, 170–7, 239eternal, the, 219. See also under lifeethics, 29, 49, 54–6, 63n.30, 111,

118, 120, 122, 156n.35, 160, 165–6, 168–9, 172, 176, 179–80, 191, 201, 211, 214, 230, 235, 247–8

Aristotelian, 76, 118, 120business, 121, 165–6, 179–80Christian, 76, 85, 118–19, 129,

143–4, 148, 153–4, 158conservative, 67counter-cultural, 143

economic, 143–6, 149, 153–4, 161, 165–6, 168, 176, 178, 245

questionable, 37social, 127, 129, 139, 151,

155–6n.30theological, 3–4, 168, 246virtue, 68, 76, 122, 157, 159,

189, 246of war and peace, 2, 102and work, 129, 132–4, 138–9,

140n.11, 160ethnicity, 77, 195ethos, 169, 173, 175–6, 180, 228

Christian, 175eudaimonia, 111, 113–15, 122Europe, 74, 107n.42, 110, 179, 200,

202, 211, 224, 226Central, 205Eastern, 199, 205, 208

European UnionCommon Agricultural Policy

(CAP), 36, 41EuroZone, the, 165Evangelical Alliance, 24n.3evangelicals, 86, 226evangelism, 136evil, 50–1, 151excess, 29, 33, 100existence, 50, 111, 169, 222, 232experience, 115, 189, 206, 242

Fabian Society, 226Facebook, 233factories, 202–203fairness, 38, 109, 229, 233, 235Fairphone, 215n.13faith, 40, 50, 53–4, 56–7, 59, 66,

79n.33, 149, 160, 189, 209, 221–4, 228

Faith in the City, 227Faith and Economics (journal), 18, 20,

26n.34Fall, the, 51, 144, 148, 193–5

Index 275

family, 79n.33, 97, 100, 112, 185, 188, 190, 203, 206, 220, 222, 231, 233, 242, 244

Ferguson, Adam, 106n.30feudalism, 101Fey, Bruno

Happiness: A Revolution in Economics, 138

Figgis, J. Neville, 72, 87finance, 22, 24n.2, 165, 208, 233financial system, the, 11, 123, 165

regulation of, 121–2weakness of, 12, 123

Finnis, J., 189firms. See companiesfood banks, 229foreign aid, 36, 40Foucault, Michel, 168France, 72

ideas from, 79n.28Revolution in (see French

Revolution)freedom, 70, 87, 188, 190, 211,

228, 241negative, 76positive, 76religious, 190See also liberty

Frei, Hans, 55French Revolution, 73Friedman, Milton, 85, 205

Capitalism and Freedom, 215n.12friends, 97, 188–9, 201, 206, 233fulfillment, 115, 121, 171–4, 176,

206. See also satisfaction

Gamaliel, 131gambling, 60–1game theory, 197n.9generosity, 187, 233Genoa, 200Gerhardt, Sue, 231

The Selfish Society, 231

Germany, 72, 74–5, 107n.42, 146, 218n.50

Ghana, 45n.41Giddens, Anthony, 77Gilkey, Langdon, 52giving, 15, 38, 134

charitable, 33, 135–6See also foreign aid

Glassman, Lord Maurice, 78n.12, 79n.33

global financial crisis (GFC). See crises, financial, of 2007 and 2008

globalism, 54, 234–5globalization, 19–21, 40–1, 234

opposition to, 36goals, 18, 20, 189, 192, 196, 229God, 47, 51, 57, 104, 116–17,

140n.16, 144, 152, 167–8, 171–3, 176–7, 193, 203, 207, 225, 235, 245

as creator/act of creation, 60, 121, 123, 133, 151, 206, 211, 232, 240

action of, 51, 58, 150–3, 158, 160, 167–9, 173–5, 207, 221, 228, 239

city of, 225, 240defining, 52faith in, 40, 222gift economy of, 38, 135, 167–8

(see also economy, God’s)grace of, 50, 193, 214and humanity, 60, 177, 192–3,

207, 209, 229, 245judgement of, 102–103, 149, 245Kingdom of God, 22, 56, 110,

119–20, 123, 146–54, 159–61, 168, 175, 220–1, 225

coming of the, 2, 145, 153–4, 160, 181n.30, 228, 236

love of, 49, 118, 151, 185mission of, 24

Index276

God (Continued)nature of, 68, 147otherness of, 147perfections of, 16power of, 152, 175, 221purposes of, 161, 173role of, 94, 151, 175, 177, 221,

228, 239Spirit of, 148, 154 (see also Holy

Spirit)will of, 148, 169, 228Word of, 12–13, 177and the world, 48, 57, 59, 68, 158,

173, 175–7, 209, 228–9, 239, 245

See also Divine, thegood, the, 5, 21, 30, 131, 189–90,

201, 206, 214, 241, 247evaluation of, 20, 113, 120forces for, 33, 51, 247notions of, 114, 159optimizing, 114transcendence of, 147, 149

Good Works, 214n.1goods, 115, 160, 190–1,

196, 204, 206, 211, 216n.17

basic, 188material, 189, 242spiritual, 242

Google, 138Gordon-Conwell Theological

Seminary, 23Gorringe, Timothy, 40Gove, Michael, 78n.12government, 29, 34, 51, 61, 77, 85,

97–101, 106n.35, 110, 114, 121–2, 165–6, 168, 170–1, 201, 205, 210, 227, 233–4, 239, 242

centralized (see centralization)Christian, 225civil, 102failure of the, 41, 179

intervention by, 34–5, 121–2, 227, 231, 247

power of, 103, 201regulation by the, 31–2, 119,

121–2, 185, 231structures of, 190of the United Kingdom (see under

United Kingdom)See also self-government; state, the

Graham, Elaine, 59Grand Rapids, MI, 19Great Depression, the, 249n.1greatness, 96–7, 105n.12Greco-Roman world, 14, 51, 74, 95,

107n.42, 119, 128, 130–1, 133–4, 140nn.5 and 7, 141n.38, 170, 183

Greece, 230greed, 67, 159Green, Stephen, 231

Good Value, 231Grenada, 40–1Gresham’s Law, 120Grey, Mary, 229Griffiths, Brian, 26n.34, 228gross domestic product (GDP), 23Grotius, Hugo, 106n.27Guardian, the, 11Gutierrez, Gustavo, 229

Hansard, 85happiness, 97, 105n.12, 115–16, 138,

188–9, 191. See also joyHare, David, 231–2

The Power of Yes, 230–1Hartropp, Andy, 5, 43n.1, 83–6, 88,

111, 118, 245–6Hauerwas, Stanley, 117Hay, Donald, 3, 6, 24n.7, 26n.34,

118, 142n.50, 144–5, 150, 241–2, 246

Economics Today: A Christian Critique, 25n.12

Hayek, Friedrich, 87, 205, 216n.32

Index 277

Headlam, Stewart, 226health and healing, 25n.8, 35, 40,

61, 151, 160, 190, 192, 206, 220, 224

Heaven, 150hedonism, 72, 201, 203Hegel, George Wilhelm Friedrich, 49,

153, 154n.11Hegelianism, 145Heidegger, Martin, 172Hell, 150Henley, Andrew, 6, 142n.50,

157–61, 246heterodoxy, 94, 104Hicks, John, 63n.29hierarchy, 50Hilton, Boyd, 73Hirst, Paul, 75historians, 139historical determinism, 158historicism, 145, 220, 243history, 54, 66, 73–4, 76–8, 93, 100,

104, 106n.30, 127, 145–9, 151–2, 154, 177, 199–200, 234, 241, 247–8

hoarding, 34Hobbes, Thomas, 200–203

Leviathan, 201Hobsbawm, Eric, 199Holistic Mission, 75Holy Spirit, the, 116, 193, 195Home, Henry, Lord Kames, 106n.30homo economicus, 111–12, 119. See

also rational economic manhonesty, 119hope, 6, 117, 149–50, 153, 160, 179,

181n.30, 189, 222Hope College, 19HSBC, 231Hughes, John, 155n.16Hughes Tuohy, Caroline, 79n.22human beings, 16, 50, 54, 95,

115–17, 120, 145–9, 154, 155n.19, 168–71, 202,

206–209, 211, 213, 227, 240–2

activity of, 48, 111, 114–15, 121–2, 146, 150–2, 154, 160, 175–6, 180, 195, 241–2

affronts to, 30behaviour of (see behaviour,

human)capacities of, 52, 154, 188–9, 201development of, 189, 192flourishing of, 39, 121, 188, 192,

196, 211, 227, 230–1, 233, 236, 245

governance of, 171, 174, 177, 180

identity of, 183life of, 77, 103, 166–8, 170,

174–6, 188, 195, 202, 230, 232–3, 240, 244, 249n.6

motivations of, 186–7, 189, 192, 194, 196, 201, 203, 246

nature of, 110–11, 119, 147–8, 183, 191–6, 198n.25, 201–202, 207, 242, 246, 248

progress of, 93, 100, 103–104, 106n.30

rights of (see rights, human)understanding of, 110, 115–16,

193–6, 201, 241–2well-being of, 114, 186, 190See also humanity

humanism, 191humanity, 51, 96, 149, 152–3, 190,

207, 211, 225–7, 229, 231, 236

condition of, 103, 230in God’s image, 60, 192–4,

206–207men, 195well-being of, 60, 114women, 150, 195, 221, 243

Hume, David, 105n.5, 106n.30, 110, 201, 215n.10

Index278

Hurd, Douglas and Edward YoungDisraeli: or, The Two Lives, 65

Hutcheson, Francis, 105n.5, 201

Iceland, 230idealism, 43, 66, 119, 145–6, 149,

151, 154, 239identity, 74–5, 77–8

of the church, 220cultural, 77human (see human beings,

identity of )national, 66social, 138spiritual, 196

ideology, 54, 160, 213, 234idleness, 132, 134idolatry, 54, 145, 155n.16immigration, 70, 76, 195incentives, 29income, 29, 41, 165, 191, 227individualism, 67–8, 74–5, 87, 188,

190, 201, 226, 231individuals, 33, 41, 71, 75, 97–100,

109–10, 119, 121–2, 135, 151, 153, 158–9, 186, 190–1, 194, 201, 203, 208, 210, 222, 228, 231, 233, 240, 247

behaviour of (see behaviour, of individuals)

as rational agents (see rationality, individual)

well-being of, 184, 186, 231, 236inductive thinking, 112, 229Industrial Mission, 59–60Industrial Revolution, 202industrialism, 228inequality, 37, 40, 71, 100, 228

of income, 28–9information, 30, 43n.8, 184injustice, 15, 105n.26, 145, 179

social, 15Institute of Public Affairs, 78n.12intelligibility, 59

irresponsibility, 37–8institutions, 18, 27, 36, 158, 160,

166, 176–80, 222–3economic, 240–1force of, 243human, 16inclusive, 178legal, 107n.42political, 103, 107n.42, 190public, 122

interdisciplinarity (ID), 2, 4, 84, 246, 248

interest, 243interests, 191, 197n.9, 209International Monetary Fund (IMF),

36, 42, 45n.41internationalism, 27investment, 202, 212, 235

private, 32invisible hand, the, 111, 113, 175Iron and Steel Federation, 227irrationality, 49Islam, 191Israel, 35, 41–2Italy

people of, 214

Jaeger, Werner, 81n.64Jefferson, Thomas, 49Jenkins, David, 39–40Jesus Christ, 11, 16, 22, 33–4, 51–2,

116–18, 131, 140n.16, 147, 150–1, 154, 160–1, 167, 170, 173–7, 206, 220, 222–3, 225, 228, 235, 239, 245

and culture, 48–9, 61n.8Christ above Culture, 48, 50Christ against Culture, 48–9, 52Christ and Culture in Paradox,

48, 50–1Christ of Culture, 48–9, 52Christ the Transformer of

Culture, 48, 51disciples of, 131, 141n.21, 220

Index 279

John, 135Matthew, 131

life of, 148, 152teaching of, 143–4, 153

jobs, 28, 30–1, 42John of Chrysostom, 6, 128–39,

140n.16, 141nn.21, 24, 26, 31 and 40, 160

John Lewis Partnership, 75, 215n.13John Paul II (Pope), 206–209, 211,

214, 240, 242Laborem Exercens, 206, 242

Johnson, R. Todd, 213Jones, Ian, 43n.1Jones, Paul, 52Joseph, 33joy, 96, 105n.11, 221. See also

happinessJubilee 2000 Campaign, 235Judaism, 14, 33, 66, 194

anti-Semitism, 74judgement, 97, 102–103, 155n.19,

246, 249n.1justice, 33, 87, 98–9, 103, 105n.26,

106n.27, 109, 120–1, 123, 155n.19, 177, 235, 240

commutative, 98concept of, 118, 178, 180distributive, 98economic, 31–2, 118, 120, 125n.35social, 225–6, 229See also fairness

Justin, Martyr, 50

kairos, 174, 176Kant, Immanuel, 49, 111katechon, 174–5Kelsey, David, 52, 61n.2Keynes, John Maynard, 32, 85Kidwell, Jeremy, 6, 157, 160, 247Kingsley, Charles, 225–6Kirby Laing Institute for Christian

Ethics (KLICE), 1, 43n.1Klein, Julie Thompson, 2

knowledge, 136, 186, 189, 242, 246Kort, Wesley, 52Kranton, Rachel, 138, 195Krugman, Paul

“What do Undergrads Need to Know about Trade?”, 27

Kuhn, ThomasStructure of Scientific Revolutions,

106n.31Kutter, Hermann, 145–6

labor, 102, 131, 134, 138, 140n.11, 176–7, 207, 220, 232, 241–3

division of, 21monastic, 130theology of (see theology, of work)See also work

Labour (Party), 65–6, 71Blue Labour (see Blue Labour

movement)New Labour, 70–2, 74, 76,

216n.16Ladd, George Eldon, 149, 155n.30laissez-faire. See under capitalismland, 203, 224language, 47, 49, 55, 116, 174, 185,

211, 214political, 66, 99secular, 56of theology, 53theology and economics speaking

different, 13, 16–18Latin America, 40, 229–30law, 50, 97–9, 102–104, 105n.16,

107n.42, 118, 156n.35, 175–6, 195, 212, 247

acts ofGambling Act 2005 (UK), 60–1

and the church, 223contract, 121corporate, 210, 212–13enforcement of the, 29, 102framework of the, 210ideas about, 42, 93, 240

Index280

law (Continued)making of the, 60, 240natural, 96, 189, 192, 196See also justice; legal cases

Layard, Richard, 188–9Happiness, 138

legal casesDodge V. Ford Motors Co.

(1919), 210legitimacy, 175Lehman Brothers, 70, 199leisure, 132, 189, 227Lewis, C. S.

The Great Divorce, 150liberalism, 67–8, 70–1, 74–7, 87–8,

191, 208, 228, 230, 234cultural, 79n.22economic, 79n.22, 161, 205theories of, 94See also anti-liberalism;

neo-liberalismlibertarianism, 71liberty, 75, 77, 227–30, 234–6. See

also freedomLicinius (emperor), 223life, 77–8, 103, 161, 168, 170, 177,

189, 195, 203, 221, 223–4, 233, 239, 244

economic and financial, 22, 87eternal, 168, 171, 176, 239fulfilment of, 168, 170–4,

176, 206human (see bios; human beings)public, 219, 223, 236reality of, 17

limits, 6, 166, 177–8Lindbeck, George, 55Lipsey, Richard

An Introduction to Positive Economics, 109

localization, 41Locke, John, 49, 112logic, 175–6, 181n.30, 216n.34

Trinitarian, 172

LondonBombings, 72Olympic Games, 66, 76

London Metropolitan University, 79n.33

London School of Economics, 78n.12Long, Stephen, 19love, 16, 47, 97, 117, 134, 144, 147,

151, 189, 193, 195, 209–10, 221–2, 233, 235

of God (see under God)of self (see self-love)

Löwith, Karl, 181n.30Ludlow, John, 225–6Luhmann, Niklas, 166Lundberg, S. and R. A. Polak, 185Lunn, John, 19, 21Luther, Martin, 50–1, 169Luther King, Martin, 224, 228Lutheranism, 176, 240luxury, 134

Machiavelli, Niccolò, 115, 124n.6MacIntyre, Alasdair, 110–11, 114–15,

121, 215n.10Macmillan, Harold, 67macroeconomics, 32–4, 36,

121–2, 165Mandelson, Peter, 216n.16Mandeville, Bernard de, 112, 124n.6

Fable of the Bees, 111Manners, Lord John, 73

The Monastic and Manufacturing Systems, 73

Marchart, Oliver, 172Marcion, 51, 160marginalization, 15market, the, 12, 19, 28, 39, 58, 60,

113, 158, 202, 205, 211, 228, 232, 235

amoral, 179, 209behaviour of, 38, 170, 189–90design of, 42economics of, 1

Index 281

failures of, 19, 32, 39, 41, 113–14, 120, 160, 209, 233

financial, 12forces of, 23, 228free, 42, 71, 83, 128, 202,

231, 233incentives and, 117international, 27intervention in, 32, 34–5, 39,

121, 231moral, 75, 179outcomes of, 32participation in, 158price and, 37, 186problems with, 37–8, 160, 209,

228, 231–3understanding, 114, 189–90, 196See also economy, the, market

markets, 39, 184, 196, 204, 209, 216n.32

capital, 213functioning, 43, 209ideology of, 40, 113missing, 33oligopolistic, 185small, 30

marriage, 70, 185, 193–4, 197n.7Marshall, Alfred

Principles of Economics, 184Marx, Karl, 153, 202, 232Marxism, 38, 145, 149, 151,

158, 208Maryland, 212materialism, 23, 135, 138, 189, 208,

242. See also post-materialismmathematics, 84Maurice, F. D., 51, 225–6Mayer, Wendy, 128, 134McCloskey, Deidre, 113, 118, 190

The Bourgeois Virtues, 189McLoughlin, David, 215n.1meaning, 55, 71, 77, 175, 185, 189mechanism, 200–203media, the, 236

mediation, 52Meek, Douglas

God the Economist, 169Mennonites, 49Menzies, Gordon, 6, 241–2, 246Messianic time, 172–6method, 47, 52, 55, 57, 62n.24, 84,

94, 239methodology, 4, 20, 52, 58,

86–8, 120microeconomics, 27, 34, 165Milbank, John, 68–9, 155n.20, 225

Theology and Social Theory, 69Miliband, Ed, 66, 76, 80n.56Mill, John Stuart, 111, 184Millar, John, 106n.30millennialism, 239Millennium Development Goals

(MDG), 192ministry, 221–3, 235–6minorities, 100missional agenda, 247–9misunderstanding, 5, 17mixed motive valuation (MMV),

194–6modernism, 109modernity, 23, 68, 71, 75, 128, 161,

171, 203, 234–6, 240, 247criticism of, 239, 243

monetary policy, 121, 241–2money, 128, 143, 153, 160, 193,

232–3, 241–3moneylending, 133monopolies, 30Montaigne, Michel de, 200Montesquieu, Charles-Louis de

Secondat, 106n.39moods, 55–9moral activity, 211moral agents, 96moral failure, 122moral hazards, 114, 124n.6moral order, 110–11, 116, 122, 159,

191, 201

Index282

moral purpose, 110–11, 117, 158moral sense, 201morality, 18, 22, 45n.41, 50, 70,

84, 88, 93, 95–8, 103–104, 106n.26, 109–10, 122, 147, 159, 200, 216n.32, 224, 229, 231, 243, 247

and behaviour, 30, 114and consensus, 87–8development of, 94lack of (see amorality)limits of, 178and the market, 75, 179, 190philosophy of (see philosophy,

moral)rules of, 118, 153theories of, 94, 96, 106n.34, 111,

133Moses, 144, 150multiculturalism, 66–7, 76–7,

81n.86, 120. See also pluralism

multidiciplinarity (MD), 2Multidimensional Poverty Index

(MPI), 192mutuality/reciprocity, 178–80

economic, 78

Nash equilibrium, 197n.nation, the, 66–7, 74, 76, 78, 98,

100, 178, 191, 211National Conference of Catholic

Bishops, 125n.35nationalism, 146nature, 94, 104, 193, 222

concept of, 104n.3, 200Nazism, 66, 146neo-liberalism, 199–200, 205, 214New Age, 60New Testament, 14, 34, 118–20, 149,

152–3, 156n.30, 171, 175, 219–221, 240

Matthew, 123:2, 151

3:15, 1184:18–22, 141n.205:3–11, 2215:16, 1766:9–13, 2216:19–21, 2206:26–26, 1776:33, 153, 1777:26, 118:22, 22013:31–33, 15219:4, 15019:8, 144

Mark1:17, 141n.202:27, 20614:7, 33

Luke4:18–19, 2219:57–62, 22012:16–21, 34

John, 51, 22015:19, 22017:14, 22018:36, 220

Acts6:1–3, 221

Romans, 146, 172, 1748, 1938:21, 11616:5, 141n.26

1 Corinthians, 1361:19, 1301:26–27, 1293:18–19, 1355:1, 141n.215:4, 140n.165:8–10, 141n.249:25, 11913, 11914:3, 135

2 Corinthians5:17–19, 1737, 134

Index 283

7:8, 1337:11, 118

Galatians5, 119, 1936:10, 172

Ephesians1:5–6, 1701:9–11, 1671:11–12, 1754, 1196:4, 119

Colossians3, 119

1 Thessalonians, 1294:11, 130

2 Thessalonians3:10, 132

1 Timothy, 1354:8, 1193:16, 1206:8, 133

2 Timothy3:16, 119, 161

Revelation21:2, 116

See also Bible, theNewman, Cardinal, 243Newman University, 215n.1Newton, Isaac, 200Niebuhr, H. Richard, 48–52, 147–53,

155n.20, 156n.36, 228Austin lectures, 48Christ and Culture, 61nn.5 and 8The Meaning of Revelation, 54The Nature and Destiny of Man, 147

Nietzsche, Friedrich, 168, 172Genealogy of Morals, 171

nomos, 175–6non-practicing entities (NPEs),

138–9, 142n.52non-reductionism, 249n.6non-religious people, 195Norman, Edward

Christianity and World Order, 234

Norman, Jesse, 69norms, 179, 187, 233, 248North America, 26n.34North, Douglas, 128North Korea, 39Novak, Michael, 228Noyes, James, 75

objectivity, 206, 208–209, 213O’Donovan, Oliver, 106n.27, 112,

116, 118, 135, 150, 161, 247oikonomia, 167–77, 179oikos, 167–8, 170, 179, 222, 240Old Testament, 14, 116, 118, 161,

167Genesis, 33, 132, 141n.21

1, 150, 1921:26–28, 2062, 150, 192

Exodus2:14, 133

Isaiah2, 52:4, 2, 24529:14, 13056:1, 118

Psalms8, 11682, 176, 178–9127, 169

Zechariah4:6, 154

See also Bible, theOlympias, 134, 138One Nation (idea), 65, 67, 76,

78n.12, 80n.56ontology, 59, 117opportunity, 178, 199opportunity cost, 41oppression, 54, 224–5, 230, 234optima, 187order, 117, 158, 221, 234. See also

moral order; society, order/structure of

Index284

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), 2, 33

orthodoxy, 3–4, 249n.6economic, 158

Oslington, Paul, 3, 18, 24n.5Adam Smith as Theologian, 94

other people, 97, 113, 179, 186, 193, 195–6, 201

Our Lady of Spring Bank Cistercian Abbey, 62n.9

ownership, 135, 139, 205, 207, 211, 231, 234

common, 205, 215n.13divine, 135unequal, 40, 203state (see under state, the)

Oxfam, 235Oxford Poverty and Human

Development Initiative, 192Oxford University, 43n.1

paganism, 117, 130, 151paideia, 74pain, 201Palmer, F. R., 63n.31paradox, 219Parekh, Neetal, 217n.48Pareto efficiency, 5Parry, J. P., 66participation, 71–2, 77Partnership, 28Pascal, Blaise, 110passion, 96, 105n.6

social, 105n.9patents, 137–9Patagonia (company), 212, 215n.13patriotism, 65, 77Paul, 34, 49, 116, 119, 129–33, 135,

172–4, 193, 221people, 85, 87, 186–8, 195–6, 202,

208–209, 223, 227–8, 233–4, 240

as citizens, 70, 77, 98

non-religious (see non-religious people)

Pepperdine University, 18Percy, Martin, 6, 240–1, 243perfection, 51, 145, 147, 149personhood, 6, 198n.25,

206–207Pesch, Heinrich, 218n.50Peterson, Erich, 174Pharisees, 150Philemon, 221philosophers, 141n.21philosophy, 4, 56–7, 62n.24, 68,

79n.28, 94, 110, 119, 127, 131

Ancient, 130, 133–4economic, 114, 232legal, 93metaphysical, 132, 170moral, 3, 94, 110, 115utilitarian, 122

Plato, 130, 140n.16Phaedrus, 140n.15Republic, 140n.14

Platonism, 95Cambridge Platonism (see

Cambridge Platonism)pleasure, 112, 201–202, 231

pursuit of, 183, 203pleonexia, 115pluralism, 5, 20, 22, 53, 66, 72, 75–7,

87–8, 190, 231, 234, 248. See also anti-pluralism

police/policing, 98polis, the, 130, 134, 168, 239–40political debate, 31, 233political economy, 3, 6, 31, 88, 94,

123, 127, 129, 232, 240, 243, 246

political ideology, 40political power/control, 40, 93, 102,

133–4, 141n.40political preference, 42, 245political science, 3

Index 285

political systems, 66, 72, 103, 106n.26, 107n.42, 123, 137, 139, 227

political theology, 168, 233, 236political thought/theory, 66,

68–9, 80n.56, 94, 106nn. 30–1 and 34

Christian, 69politicians, 69, 85politics, 40, 42, 54–5, 63n.30, 67, 73,

75–6, 100, 104, 115, 133–4, 136–7, 139, 141n.40, 169, 171, 175, 219, 223, 229–30, 233–5, 239–40, 247

biopolitics, 172and consensus, 88discourse of, 28, 200, 227participation in, 72, 130party, 85

Pollitt, Michael, 5, 83–5, 88, 138, 142n.50, 245–6

pollution, 114pollution permits, 29Pontifical Council for Justice and

Peace, 198n.23Poole, Eve, 5, 34, 37, 40, 86–8, 157,

245–6The Church on Capitalism: Theology

and the Market, 28, 61n.3poor, the, 15, 31, 35, 123, 141n.26,

186, 188, 190, 202, 220, 225, 230, 234–6

conditions of, 202, 227poor countries, 178possessions, 14post-materialism, 29poverty, 33, 134, 188–9, 192

alleviating, 41, 189, 224–5, 229voluntary, 137See also poor, the

power, 128, 152, 154, 166, 170, 174–5, 177. See also government, power of; political power; state, power of

Powys, 204pragmatism, 148, 228praxy/praxis, 55–6, 58, 63n.30, 169,

171, 229, 233prayer, 152, 156n.36, 221, 236prediction, 16, 246preferences, 112–13, 184, 186, 188,

191, 194–6, 197n.9, 208, 241–2

consumer (see consumers, preferences of )

social, 43, 191Preston, R. H., 43, 86, 226principles

Christian, 32Judaeo-Christian, 33, 194

priorities, 18, 20Priscilla, 141n.26private sphere, 224, 231privatism, 53privatization, 232probability, 186, 194production, 169, 207–208, 211

capacity, 113cost of, 30diversification of, 41

productivity, 28, 30, 190, 235products, 35profit, 24n.2, 30, 212–13

maximization of, 17, 28–9, 204, 207–213

pursuit of, 30progress, 93–4, 100, 104, 106n.30,

149, 247economic, 240personal, 103, 105n.12, 106n.27,

115, 240technological, 43n.8

progressivism, 191, 231property, 74, 98, 101–102, 128, 135,

169, 203, 224intellectual, 135–9, 160ownership of, 67, 73, 139, 203private, 211

Index286

prosperity, 191. See also wealthprotectionism, 137Protestant Liberalism, 49Providence, 6, 39, 93–4, 104,

158, 243prudence, 189–90psychology, 113, 116, 231public, the, 53–4, 96, 97–8, 103,

105n.12, 122, 159, 166, 200, 219, 223, 232, 236

good of, 102, 113, 216n.17. See also common good

public choice theory, 158public policy, 4, 60, 76, 189, 200

regarding welfare (see welfare, policy)

public services (see services, public)public sphere, 57, 60, 219, 224, 231,

234, 236public spirit, 187Pufendorf, Samuel von, 105n.21,

106n.27Pugin, Augustus, 73, 76punishment, 97Putnam, Hilary

Bowling Alone, 71Putnam and Campbell

Amazing Grace, 195

Quakers, 49questions, 18

race, 228–9Radical Orthodoxy (RO) school, 19,

68–9, 76radicalism, 145, 226, 228Ragaz, Leonhard, 148–9, 152–3rational choice theory (RCT), 29,

113, 184–8, 191–6, 198n.25, 241. See also rationality, and choice; revealed preference theory

rational economic man (REM), 16, 110–12, 113–14, 120, 138,

142n.50, 159, 184–6, 188, 192–6, 198n.25, 241, 246

rational self-interest, 17, 113, 159, 187

rationalism, 73, 110, 243rationality, 13, 16, 110, 186, 196

and choice, 29, 84, 113, 184, 186–8, 191, 196, 241

constructive, 188individual, 109–10and profit, 30See also irrationality

Rauschenbusch, Walter, 228Christianizing the Social Order, 228

Rawls, John, 125n.36realism, 39, 76, 137, 144, 148, 151,

180, 187Christian, 147, 149–50

reality, 17, 50, 53–60, 63n.31, 68, 117, 146, 149–50, 153–4, 159–60, 169, 174, 177, 179, 181n.29, 236, 242, 249n.6

accounts of, 48economic, 168, 210present-day, 21, 153–4understanding, 38

reason, 50, 52, 95, 243reasoning, 110

economic, 2, 6, 246mathematical and statistical, 17,

25n.15moral, 111, 159, 243theological, 1–2

re-capitalization, 122Red Toryism, 5, 67, 69, 71–2, 75–6,

78, 79n.22, 87redemption, 223, 239redistribution, 32, 40–1, 43,

73–4, 179reductionism, 147, 159. See also

non-reductionismReed, Bruce, 222–3Reed, Esther, 151Reformation, the, 200, 203, 243

Index 287

regulation, 31, 33, 35, 39, 119, 121–2, 178, 231

regulators, 29relationships, 119, 188, 192, 202,

224, 232relativism, 49, 71, 75, 77,

79n.28, 148religion, 50, 53, 77, 159, 190, 195,

211, 223–6, 228, 232–3, 249n.6

natural, 104resources, 31, 139, 215n.12, 242

allocation of, 113depletion of, 28financial, 204use of, 30

responsibility, 39, 84, 235economic, 36personal, 118, 247social, 215n.12, 232, 243, 248See also irresponsibility

ResPublica, 67, 75Resurgo Social Ventures, 75resurrection, the, 116, 131, 150,

152, 154retail sector, 133, 186revealed preference theory, 184revelation, 148revolution, 101, 230, 235, 243Ricardo, David, 114Rich, Arthur, 146Richardson, David, 13, 20–2, 86righteousness, 153rights, 67, 74, 98–9, 104, 106nn.

26–7, 190human, 70individual, 100jura imperfecta, 98, 106n.27jura perfecta, 98, 106n.27property, 101

rigor, 17, 25n.15risk management, 122–3Ritschl, Albrecht, 49Robinson, James A., 178–9

Roell-Lacaille, Virginie, 214n.1romanticism, 76, 146Ronsvalle, John and Sylvia

Ronsvalle, 15Ruskin, John, 72Russia, 226

sacraments, the, 224. See also baptism; marriage

Sainsbury, David, 231Sainsbury’s, 231Salamito, J.-M., 133salvation, 117, 167, 173, 230Samsung, 138Samuelson, Larry, 159, 184Sandel, Michael, 232–3satisfaction, 112, 115, 194. See also

fulfilmentSchleiermacher, Friedrich, 49Schluter, Michael, 26n.34Schmitt, Carl, 174Scholasticism, 53, 117, 119–20, 243science, 4–5, 42, 95, 106n.31,

110, 232abstract, 5economics as a, 239, 241practical, 5predictive, 84

Scotland, 77, 106nn.30–1. See also United Kingdom

Scott, Walter, 73Scripture, 12, 16, 160–1. See also

Bible, theSeattle, 200secularism, 19, 56, 58–60, 69, 86,

118, 157, 161, 191, 224–6, 249n.6

securitization, 123security, 222Sedgwick, Peter, 34, 45n.29, 86Sedláček, Tomás, 114, 117, 249n.1Segbers, Franz

Die Hausordnung der Tora, 169Segundo, Juan Luis, 229

Index288

Selby, Peter, 38–9, 85self, 97, 241–2self-assertion, 242self-command/control, 97–8, 103,

116, 120, 189self-consciousness, 246self-criticism, 246, 248self-elevation, 105n.12, 231self-giving, 16self-government, 170self-image, 195self-interest, 13, 16, 112–14, 120,

123, 134, 159, 187, 189, 193, 241

corporate, 120maximizing, 184, 187rational (see rational self-interest)as a virtue, 158–9

self-love, 95–6, 187self-progress. See bettermentself-sacrifice, 15, 147selfishness, 95–6, 112, 145sellers, 39Sen, Amartya, 184, 186–9, 192, 194

“Rational fools: A critique of the behavioural foundations of economic theory,” 186

Seneca, 141n.38Sennett, Richard

Together, 233Sentamu, John, 12sentiment, 94–6, 98, 156n.36, 201Sermon on the Mount, 176–7service, 210, 240services, 136, 191, 196, 204, 206,

211, 232–3, 242public, 216n.16, 232

sex, 143shareholders, 75, 210, 244short-selling, 24n.2Silver, Morris, 128sin, 50–1, 117, 148, 160–1,

193–4, 247skepticism, 243, 249n.1

skill, 136Smith, Adam, 6, 30–1, 86–7,

93–104, 105n.26, 106nn.27, 34–5 and 39, 107n.41, 110, 112–14, 157–8, 187, 189–90, 201–202, 247

epochs of human social evolutionAge of Agriculture, 100–103Age of Commerce, 100,

102–103, 107nn.41–2Age of Hunters, 100–103Age of Shepherds, 100–103,

106n.35Lectures on Jurisprudence, 93, 98,

103–104The Theory of Moral Sentiments,

93–4, 97, 99, 103–104, 106n.34, 112, 190, 247

The Wealth of Nations, 247Smith, Christian, 191, 198n.25Smith, James, 13, 19–20, 22Smith, V. L., 187Sobrino, Jon, 229Social Democratic Party, 146social enterprise, 213social gospel movement, 227social interaction, 4, 190social programs, 229social science, 114–15, 139, 196, 229,

231, 249n.6sociability, 189socialism, 67, 70, 73–5, 145–6, 149,

199–200, 202–203, 205, 207, 209–10, 214, 226, 230, 234

Christian, 20, 225–8failure of, 211, 214guild, 72, 74

socialization, 95society, 17, 30, 35, 43, 53–5, 60, 73,

81n.64, 87, 95–100, 115, 121, 134, 146–7, 151, 188–9, 191, 209, 219–20, 223–31, 233–6, 241

advanced, 39

Index 289

Ancient, 130, 140n.7benefits to, 248breakdown of, 71civil, 94, 96–7, 99–100, 103, 166,

179–80, 190, 214, 232, 239and class (see class)common end for, 19and corporations (see corporate

social responsibility [CSR])critiques of, 80n.60, 228, 231–2demands of, 33, 103development of, 98, 100, 103–104,

192, 243, 247divisions of, 66engineering of, 247experience of, 87impacts upon, 212improving, 85, 147, 224–7,

229–30, 236, 243, 248and the individual, 75integration and, 70, 74, 77, 189interests of, 102modern, 19, 71, 75, 158, 160nature of, 98–100, 120, 202, 206,

225, 243norms of, 187, 233objectives of, 212order/structure of, 100, 103,

146–8, 153, 155n.19, 202, 219–21, 224–5, 227–8, 230, 233–5, 239, 243–4, 247

organic, 73, 226participatory, 77patriarchal, 150pluralistic, 20, 87preferences of (see preferences,

social)problems in/for, 67, 69–72, 75,

160, 206, 243progress of, 94, 230protecting, 38, 206rank in, 96, 134rebuilding, 211situation of, 72

standards of, 156n.35subsistence of, 133–4theories of, 196, 198n.25, 202,

206, 243transformation of, 152, 224–5, 230

society of strangers (idea), 87sociology, 70, 72–3, 106nn.30–1,

115, 131, 191, 196, 198n.25, 230, 241, 249n.6

Socrates, 130solidarity, 190, 214, 228, 230South Africa, 229South Korea, 229special purpose, 212specialization, 18Spectator (magazine), 11spending, 34spirituality, 1, 22, 59–60, 135, 138,

174, 191, 193, 195–6, 221, 223, 231, 242

Christian, 132, 239stability, 137stakeholders, 75, 121, 210, 214state, the, 201, 205, 207, 209, 211,

224, 231, 234and the church, 174, 221, 225, 229and corporations, 28, 231ownership, 35, 205power of, 70, 74, 102, 170,

199, 201revenue of, 98sovereignty of, 170See also government; regulators

status, 160. See also society, rank inStephen (martyr), 221stereotypes, 248Stern Report, the, 123stewardship, 123, 206–207,

216n.21, 246Stoicism, 95, 111, 128, 130, 133–4,

138, 141n.38Storkey, Alan, 26n.34Stott, John, 13Stout, Jeffrey, 47, 86

Index290

Stout, Lynn, 210Studies in Christian Ethics

(journal), 18subjectivity, 54, 70, 94, 106n.27, 201,

206–207, 209subsidiarity, 190, 240suffrage, 225suppliers, 213surplus, 102Sutton, John, 42Sweden, 40Switzerland

people of, 145sympathy, 95, 103, 105n.6, 186–7,

194, 233

Tanner, Kathryn, 153, 232Tawney, R. H., 86, 226

Religion and the Rise of Capitalism, 226

taxation, 40, 121, 216n.16, 233Taylor, Charles, 203, 243

“An Affirmation of Ordinary Life,” 203

A Secular Age, 200Sources of the Self, 200

Tearfund, 235teleology, 109, 111, 117, 119,

122, 158telos, 110–11, 116, 123, 171, 176–7,

191–2, 200, 247Temple, William, 85, 226–7, 229

Christianity and Social Order, 226–7

Tertullian, 49, 62n.9Thatcher, Margret, 67, 70–1, 75, 83,

226, 229theocracy, 225theodicy, 6theologians, 3, 5, 13, 16, 18, 20–2,

24n.5, 47–8, 55, 60, 127, 139, 160–1, 229, 233, 235–6, 245

Anglican, 83

classical, 88criticism of, 86, 236, 245ideas/assertions of, 42, 158misunderstandings committed

by, 17professional, 68scholastic, 117, 119

theological anthropology, 6theological criticism, 22theology, 4, 60, 63n.29, 68, 86, 94,

104, 119, 143, 145, 154n.11, 167–8, 172, 177–80, 190, 192, 200, 228, 234–6, 240–1, 247–8, 249n.6

abstract, 229biblical, 25n.8, 192Black, 229church, 43concepts of, 4, 55, 166,

182n.41contemporary, 3discourse of, 53, 230dogmatic, 63n.29Etiquette, 48, 52–3, 55, 57–8feminist, 57, 229Fundamental, 53, 55gay and lesbian, 229of globalization, 20incarnational, 226liberal, 228method/methodology of, 52, 57–8,

60, 61n.2, 87Minjung, 229of money, 143Pauline, 193philosophical, 56political and liberation, 54, 57,

85, 149, 168, 220, 229–30, 233, 237n.9 (see also political theology)

of possessions, 14Practical, 4, 53–5, 63n.29primacy of, 69principles of, 87

Index 291

Protestant/reformed, 117, 193, 243

scientific, 4Systematic, 53–5, 63n.29types of, 157, 168of work, 129–32, 136–8, 140n.11,

141n.21, 228Worldview, 48, 52–3, 57–60

theology of economy, 168–9, 172third way, the, 215–16n.16thrift, 34Tolstoy, Leo, 49, 62n.9Tomlin, Graham, 119Tönnies, Ferdinand, 72topos, 172Torah, the, 156n.35Tories, 65, 72. See also Conservative

Party (UK); Red ToryismToulmin, Stephen, 62n.24Townsend, Nicholas, 6, 242–3, 247Townsend, Richard, 215n.1Tracy, David, 53–4, 63nn.29 and 33

The Analogical Imagination, 53, 62n.21

trade, 28, 41, 88fair, 233, 235, 242financial, 12free, 45n.41, 202openness to, 36rules of, 12, 178theory of, 36

Tradecraft, 235trades/professions, 132–4, 141nn.21

and 26tradition, 55, 70, 75–7, 86, 139,

154n.11, 157, 167, 178–9, 191–2

Christian, 172, 175, 221, 228transcendence, 147, 149, 153, 189,

204, 211, 223, 234transdisciplinarity (TD), 2, 248Trigg, R., 183Trinitarianism, 172–3Triodos, 215n.13

Troeltsch, Ernst, 241trust, 119, 123Truth, the, 54–5, 70, 77, 79n.28,

116, 234Tuck, Richard, 215n.5Tweed, Thomas, 221Tyndale Fellowship, Ethics and

Sociology study group, 1, 215n.1

tyranny, 146–7. See also authoritarianism

Ulrich, Hans, 6, 239–41, 243, 247unbelievers, 58uncertainty, 197n.9understanding, 13, 38, 104, 114–15,

192–3unemployment, 32, 165Unitarianism, 243United Kingdom, 5, 18, 24nn.3

and 5, 26n.34, 33, 73, 212, 216n.34

government of, 60–1, 83, 85coalition, 67House of Commons, 102House of Lords, 229Mission and Public Affairs

Council, 61Secretary of State for Culture,

Media and Sport, 60–1people of, 58society of, 71See also Britain; England; Scotland;

WalesUnited States, the, 18, 28, 185, 195,

210, 212, 217n.45, 225, 227–9

Congress of, 200United States Association of Christian

Economists, 24n.5University of Cumbria, 68urbanization, 227utilitarianism, 66, 111–12, 114, 116,

121–2, 158, 191–2, 241

Index292

utility, 29–30, 37, 97–9, 102, 112, 138, 184, 195–6, 197n.9

individual, 28, 194maximization of, 28, 159, 184,

202–203social, 184

utopianism, 144, 147, 150, 227

value, 30, 37–8, 203values, 25n.13, 56, 120, 171, 188–90,

232–3Vatican, the, 206vice, 115, 160

private, 113Vigeo, 215n.13virtue, 6, 68, 77–8, 95–7, 103,

105n.5, 110, 113–15, 117, 119–23, 158–60, 189, 233, 241, 246

cultivation of, 133instruction in, 128public, 113

voluntarism, 120–2, 193

wages, 202, 204, 206just, 19

Wales, 77, 204. See also Britain; United Kingdom

Walker, Roger, 215n.1war, 183warrant, 62n.24Washington consensus, the, 199–200,

216n.16waste, 33Waterman, AMC, 3Weber, Max, 34, 241wealth, 34, 97, 99–100, 118, 128,

135–6, 188, 231, 233distribution of, 41exhortations against, 129individual, 41public, 40

wealthy countries/communities, 37, 178, 188

Welch, Patrick and J. J. Mueller, 3welfare, 67, 73, 184, 186, 234

moral, 224policy, 88, 189reform of, 85social, 158, 191, 224

well-being, 60, 109, 114, 184, 186Wells, David, 22–3

God in the Wasteland, 23Wenham, Gordon, 156n.35Wesley, John, 124n.6Western World, the, 191, 194, 200,

203, 205, 240Wilberforce, Samuel, 224Wilde, Wilf, 40Williams, Paul, 247Williams, Rowan, 11, 55, 72,

77, 232Crisis and Recovery, 169

Windward Isles, 40–1wisdom, 61, 96–7, 130–1, 152Women’s Institute, 70work, 79n.33, 129, 132, 134, 136–8,

140n.11, 141n.26, 160, 169, 189, 191–2, 202, 206–207, 209, 213, 228

conditions of, 202, 204ethics and (see under ethics)manual, 129–31theology of (see under theology)See also labor; trades/professions

workers, 75, 205, 210, 212, 216n.16, 225, 228, 234–5, 243

Working Men’s College, 226workplace, the, 59–60world, the, 52, 57–8, 68, 120, 148,

151–2, 159, 170, 201, 219–20, 234

as fallen, 144–5, 148, 150–1, 194and God, 48, 57, 68, 173,

175–6, 239leaving behind, 48nature of, 147order of, 234

Index 293

transforming, 152, 223World Bank, 42, 45n.41World Trade Organization (WTO),

42, 45n.41World Wars, 226

First, 199worldviews, 58–9worship, 169VPlater, project the, 215n.1Wright, N. T., 117

Xenophon, 130

Yoder, John Howard, 62n.9Young England Movement, 73Yuengert, Andrew, 18, 159

Zamagni, Stefano, 214, 218n.49Zartaloudis, Thanos, 170, 181n.10Zebedee brothers, 141n.20zoe, 171–2