selection guide for microbial control actives in oil and … 2018-04-28 · selection guide for...

Selection Guide for Microbial Control Actives in Oil and Gas Operations

Dow Microbial Control

Microbial Control Active DescriptionActive

MoleculeAntimicrobial

Efficacy

Increasing Length of Protection/ Increasing

Speed of Action

GLUTARALDEHYDE* • Widely used in oilfield applications for decades

• Highly effective against aerobes, SRB, APB

• Synergistic with quaternary amines

• Incompatible with primary amines

• Readily biodegradable

• Dual rapid-kill and preservative qualities

O O

Antimicrobial E�cacy Compatibility Increasing Speed of Action

Increasing Length of Protection

THPS (TETRAKIS (HYDROXYMETHYL) PHOSPHONIUM SULFATE)*

• Widely used in oilfield applications


• Iron sulfide scavenger

• Can interfere with anionic friction reducers

• Biodegradable

P OH

OH

OH

HO P OH

OH

OH

HOSO4

2-



QUATS (QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS)

• Class of surface-active biocides

• Effective at low doses

• Significant foaming and emulsification potential

• Less effective in hard and saline waters

• Compatibility issues with anionic additives

• Formation compatibility issues due to rock adsorption

CH3

CH3

H3C

N+ Antimicrobial E�cacy Compatibility Increasing Speed of Action


GLUTARALDEHYDE/QUATS BLENDS

• Widely used in oilfield applications for decades


• Reduced foaming, separation, and formation compatibility issues than with quats alone

• Glutaraldehyde and quat synergy results in enhanced microbial kill

CH3

CH3

H3C

N+

O OAntimicrobial E�cacy

Compatibility

Increasing Speed of Action


TTPC (TRIBUTYLTETRADECYL PHOSPHONIUM CHLORIDE)

• Surface-active biocide


• Significant foaming and formation compatibility issues



CH3

CH3

CH3

H3C

P+



DBNPA (2,2-DIBROMO-3-NITRILOPROPIONAMIDE)*

• Extremely fast-killing biocide


• Essentially non-corrosive at end-use concentration

• Degrades quickly

• Incompatible with sulfides

NH2

Br

BrN

O



BRONOPOL (2-BROMO-2-NITRO-1, 3-PROPANEDIOL)*

• Good balance between quick kill and length of protection

• Good efficacy against range of aerobes, SRB and APB

• Hydrolysis occurs at elevated pHs

HO

OH

Br

NO2 Antimicrobial E�cacy Compatibility Increasing Speed of Action


COCODIAMINE • Surface-active biocide


• Foaming and formation compatibility issues



Oˉ

O

Oˉ

O+NH2

+NH3

R

Antimicrobial E�cacy

Compatibility



DAZOMET • Good preservative in low-temp (<35ºC) systems

• Releases highly toxic breakdown products, incl. H2S, CS2 and MITC

• Very slow speed of kill

• Degrades at temperatures common in oil field

CH3

H3C NN

SS



DMO (4,4-DIMETHYLOXAZOLIDINE)*

• Ability to maintain efficacy at high temperatures, pressure and salinity for downhole protection

• Effective against anaerobes, SRB and APB

• Provides slow, sustained kill

• Fully biodegradable

• Low mammalian and aquatic toxicity

O

NHH3C

H3C Antimicrobial E�cacy Compatibility Increasing Speed of Action


ISOTHIAZOLINONES* • Preservatives; effective at very low levels

• React with sulfides, bisulfite

• Not temperature stable

• Not used frequently in the oilfield CH3

SN

O

CI

CH3

SN

O



CTAC (1-(3-CHLOROALLYL)-3, 5, 7-TRIAZA-1-AZIONAADAMANTANE CHLORIDE)*


• Effective against anaerobes, SRB and APB

• Stable over wide-range of pH conditions

• Available as a solid biocide

CI-

CI

N

NN N+



THNM (TRIS (HYDROXYMETHYL)NITROMETHANE)*


• Low mammalian and aquatic toxicity

• Effective against anaerobes, SRB and APB HO NO2

OHOH



NITRATES • No biocidal efficacy, therefore require constant treatment

• Provides souring control through nitrate reducing bacteria out-competing SRB for resources

• Applicable to waterfloods

NO3-



OXIDIZERS (INCL. CHLORINE DIOXIDE)

• Effective class of rapid kill biocides

• No protection beyond initial kill

• Will react with components of functional fluids

• Highly corrosive

• Can form disinfection byproducts (DBP)

O3 Br2

CIO2 CI2

NaOCI HOOHAntimicrobial E�cacy Compatibility Increasing Speed of Action


NON-CHEMICAL DEVICES • Microbial control through mechanisms such as UV light, sonication and shear, rather than chemicals

• No protection beyond initial kill

• Inefficient way to treat high or fluctuating volumes of water

• Ineffective against moderate or high organism loadsAntimicrobial E�cacy Compatibility Increasing Speed of Action




minutes

seconds minutes hours days weeks

hours days weeks months

Antimicrobial E�cacy

MinimallyE�ective

ExtremelyE�ective

Compatibility

Serious Compatibility Concerns

Moderate Compatibility Concerns

Few Compatibility Concerns

Actives Selection Guide

Com

pati

bilit

y

* Dow Technology

Protect Oil and Gas Operations with an Optimized Microbial Control Program

† Characterization based on laboratory studies of active ingredients.

Generally, higher numbers of represent more favorable characteristics. For speed of kill and duration of protection, please find more detailed information below:

Speed of KillMinutes to about an hour Hours to about a day Multiple days

Duration of ProtectionLasts weeks to months Lasts a few weeks Lasts for a few hours to few days

Please check the registration details as they apply to your location in the US or Canada to verify the product is approved for your specific use.

Registration Efficacy† Compatibility† Environmental Profile†

Water Treatment Microbiocide

% Active Ingredient Physical Form

CAS Number for Active

Ingredient(s)

US EPA

Canada PMRA

Speed of Kill

Duration of Protection

Efficacy on Oilfield

Organisms (SRB, APB)

Friction Reducers/

Anionic Additives

Proppant and

Formation

Low Foaming

Non- Corrosive

at Use-level

Sour Systems (Sulfide)

Performance at High Temp.

(>50°C)

pH Range of Use

Bio- degrada-

tion

Low Aquatic Toxicity

No AOX Formation

Aboitic Degradation

AQUCAR™ DB 10097.6% 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilo-propionamide (DBNPA)

Solid

10222-01-2

✓ ✓

Up to 8.5 AQUCAR™ DB 2020% 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilo-propionamide (DBNPA)

Liquid ✓ ✓

AQUCAR™ DB 5 5% 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopro-pionamide (DBNPA)

Liquid ✓

AQUCAR™ 742 42.5% Glutaraldehyde, 7.5% alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC)

Liquid111-30-8,

68424-25-1

✓ ✓

Up to 9.5

AQUCAR™ 714 14% Glutaraldehyde, 2.5% alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC)

✓ ✓

AQUCAR™ 720 20% Glutaraldehyde (in-cludes a non ionic surfactant)

Liquid 111-30-8 ✓ Up to 9.5

AQUCAR™ GA 50 50% Glutaraldehyde

Liquid 111-30-8

✓ ✓

Up to 9.5

AQUCAR™ GA 30 LT 30% Glutaraldehyde (freeze-protected formulation)

✓ ✓

AQUCAR™ GA 25 25% Glutaraldehyde ✓ ✓

AQUCAR™ GA 15 15% Glutaraldehyde ✓ ✓

AQUCAR™ PS 75 75% tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS)

Liquid 55566-30-8

✓

Up to 9.5

AQUCAR™ PS 20 20% tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium sulfate (THPS)

✓

AQUCAR™ BP 100 99% 2-bromo-2-nitropro-pane-1,3-diol (Bronopol)

Solid

52-51-7

✓

Up to 8.5 AQUCAR™ BP 30 30% 2-bromo-2-nitropro-pane-1,3-diol (Bronopol)

Liquid ✓

AQUCAR™ BP 10 10% 2-bromo-2-nitropro-pane-1,3-diol (Bronopol)

Liquid ✓

AQUCAR™ A 78 78% dimethyloxazolidine (DMO)

Liquid 52000-87-4 ✓ Up to 11

AQUCAR™ TA 64 64% 1-(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,7- triaza-1-azoniaadamantane chloride (CTAC)

Solid 4080-31-3 ✓ Up to 11

AQUCAR™ TN 25 (Tris Nitro 25% AM Agent)

25% tris(hydroxymethyl)nitromethane (THNM)

Liquid 126-11-4 ✓ ✓ 7 - 11

PREP

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®™ Trademark of The Dow Chemical Company (“Dow”) or an affiliated company of Dow NOTICE: No freedom from infringement of any patent owned by Dow or others is to be inferred. Because use conditions and applicable laws may differ from one location to another and may change with time, Customer is responsible for determining whether products and the information in this document are appropriate for Customer’s use and for ensuring that Customer’s workplace and disposal practices are in compliance with applicable laws and other government enactments. The product shown in this literature may not be available for sale and/or available in all geographies where Dow is represented. The claims made may not have been approved for use in all countries. Dow assumes no obligation or liability for the information in this document. References to “Dow” or the “Company” mean the Dow legal entity selling the products to Customer unless otherwise expressly noted. NO WARRANTIES ARE GIVEN; ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE EXPRESSLY EXCLUDED. Please note that not all products are registered in all regions for all applications. Please contact your local Dow representative for detailed technical information applicable to your individual situation. USE BIOCIDES SAFELY. ALWAYS READ THE LABEL AND PRODUCT INFORMATION BEFORE USE.Product Stewardship: Dow has a fundamental concern for all who make, distribute, and use its products, and for the environment in which we live. This concern is the basis for our product stewardship philosophy by which we assess the safety, health, and environmental information on our products and then take appropriate steps to protect employee and public health and our environment. The success of our product stewardship program rests with each and every individual involved with Dow products - from the initial concept and research, to manufacture, use, sale, disposal, and recycle of each product.Customer Notice: Dow strongly encourages its customers to review both their manufacturing processes and their applications of Dow products from the standpoint of human health and environmental quality to ensure that Dow products are not used in ways for which they are not intended or tested. When considering the use of any Dow product in a particular application, review the latest Safety Date Sheet (SDS) and country-specific product label to ensure the intended use is within the scope of approved uses and can be accomplished safely. Dow personnel are available to answer your questions and to provide reasonable technical support. Dow product literature, including SDS’s, should be consulted prior to use of Dow products. Current SDS’s are available from Dow.

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NorthAmerica

CentralEasternEurope

Western

Europe

Middle Eastand Africa

GreaterChina

IndianSubcontinent

Japan andKorea

Southeast Asia

Australia andNew Zealand

Latin

America

Central and Eastern Europe:Turkey +90-216-571-16-00 Russia +7-495-663-78-20 Poland +48-22-543-18-00

Western Europe:+800-3-694-6367 (toll-free) +31-115-67-26-26 (phone) +31-115-67-28-28 (fax)

North America:+1-800-447-4369 (toll-free) +1-989-832-1560 (phone) +1-989-832-1465 (fax)

Middle East and Africa:UAE +971-4-332-88-66 South Africa +800-99-5078 (toll-free)Greater China:Shanghai +86-21-3851-1000 Beijing +86-10-8527-9199 Guangzhou +86-20-3813-0600 Taiwan +886-227-718-000

Australia and New Zealand: +61-3-9226-3500 (phone) +61-3-9226-3562 (fax)

Southeast Asia: Philippines +63-2-867-3293 Indonesia +62-21-2995-6273 Singapore +65-6830-4575 +65-6796-6217 Thailand +66-2365-7371 Vietnam +84-8-3822-5808 Malaysia +603-7965-5200

Japan and Korea:Japan: +81-3-5460-2261 Korea: +82-2-3490-4348

Indian Subcontinent:+91-22-6793-4953 (phone) +91-22-6793-4924 (fax)

Latin America:+55-11-5188-9555 (phone) +55-11-5188-9400 (fax)

Other Global Areas:+1-989-832-1560 (phone) +1-989-832-1465 (fax)

Help where you need it.With customer application centers around the globe, expert assistance to help solve microbial challenges is always within reach—no matter where you are. We offer fully equipped, state-of-the-art laboratory capabilities and knowledgeable technical and sales assistance to help find solutions for your oil and gas treatment challenges.

selection guide for microbial control actives in oil and … 2018-04-28 · selection guide for...

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