Selective Breeding GEL ELECTROPHORESIS AKA: DNA FINGERPRINTING DNA extraction removes fragments of DNA by cutting it in a precise location with a restriction enzyme. Each enzyme fits only one DNA sequence of nitrogen bases. The sequences are then separated by gel electrophresis. DNA is placed in a gel block and connected to a power source causing negatively charged particles to move downward to the positive end like a magnet. _ + Smaller particles move faster creating a pattern or the blocks. Each pattern is unique to each different individual, thus the DNA fingerprint. This is used to determine criminal suspects and family relationships. Gel electrophoresis is also used to make recombinant DNA. StudOffspring #1Offspring #2 Recombinant DNA is used to insert into a different organism causing transformation. Transformation is used to create medicines such as weakened antibiotics and insulin out of bacterial plasmids (circular DNA in bacteria turned good). Plasmids get cut and new DNA is inserted Creating good medical bacterial with recombinant DNA. CLONING A body cell is taken from a donor animal A, An egg cell is taken from a donor animal B, The nucleus and dna is removed from the egg, The body cell and egg cell are fused by electric shock. The fused cell begins dividing by mitosis, becoming the embryo, The embryo is implanted into the uterus of the foster or surrogate mom animal C, The embryo develops into a cloned animal identical to the body cell donor.