Self-efficacySelf-efficacy

““People strive to exercise People strive to exercise control over events that control over events that affect their lives”affect their lives”

Albert BanduraAlbert Bandura

WHAT DOES EFFICACY CONSIST OF?

Efficacy is a function of a host of beliefs we have about ourselves, including;

1. that we know the necessary information,

2. that we have the skills to do what needs to be done, and

3. that we know how to learn new information and skills as we enter different environments.

www.stolaf.edu/people/roberts/psych-121/Efficacy.html

Collective-efficacyCollective-efficacy

Centers on Centers on societies societies common common problemsproblems

Strong beliefs Strong beliefs effect positive effect positive social changesocial change

Requires Requires working together working together to improve lifeto improve life

Requires group Requires group effort and united effort and united beliefbelief

Where we gain self-Where we gain self-efficacyefficacy

Four main sourcesFour main sources

Mastery experiencesMastery experiences

Successes over tasks and Successes over tasks and difficultiesdifficulties

More successes lead to better More successes lead to better confidenceconfidence

Vicarious ExperiencesVicarious Experiences

Provided by social modelsProvided by social models

Influenced by perceived similarities Influenced by perceived similarities to modelsto models

People seek models who they wish to People seek models who they wish to emulateemulate

Social Persuasion Social Persuasion

Verbal assurances of possessing Verbal assurances of possessing capabilities to succeedcapabilities to succeed

Encouragement focuses on self-Encouragement focuses on self-improvementimprovement

Physiological and Emotional Physiological and Emotional StatesStates

Negative reactions to stress seen Negative reactions to stress seen as weaknesses and flawsas weaknesses and flaws

Based on how perceived and Based on how perceived and interpreted interpreted

““Efficacy-activated Efficacy-activated processes”processes”

Four processesFour processes

Usually generated Usually generated togethertogether

Cognitive ProcessCognitive Process

Based on visualizationBased on visualization

Remembrance of past tasksRemembrance of past tasks

Motivational ProcessMotivational Process

Largely cognitive generatedLargely cognitive generated

Causal attributionsCausal attributions

Goal challengesGoal challenges

Affective ProcessAffective Process

Coping capabilitiesCoping capabilities

Anxiety arousalAnxiety arousal

Social supportSocial support

Selected Process Selected Process

Selection of environmentsSelection of environments

Seeking challenges to renew Seeking challenges to renew perceived self-efficacyperceived self-efficacy

Dimensions of Collective Self-Efficacy

Perceived efficacy to take action as a group.

Perceived capability of other community members.

Perceived efficacy to solve problems as a group.

http://164.109.175.24/Documents/537/section3_05.html

Bases of Bases of Collective-Collective-EfficacyEfficacy

How we work togetherHow we work together

Family SystemsFamily Systems

ParentingParenting

Parents influence Parents influence their children's their children's self-efficacyself-efficacy

Changing Changing FamiliesFamilies

Lagging societal Lagging societal changeschanges

Low income Low income familiesfamilies

Schools and intellectual Schools and intellectual developmentdevelopment

Growing technology in schoolsGrowing technology in schools

Students belief in capabilities affects Students belief in capabilities affects education and influenced future education and influenced future decisionsdecisions

Academic efficacy promotes higher Academic efficacy promotes higher aspirations aspirations

Collective-efficacy in Collective-efficacy in SchoolsSchools

Based greatly on self-efficacy of Based greatly on self-efficacy of teachers and staffteachers and staff

Inspires self mastery experiences of Inspires self mastery experiences of students students

ProblemsProblems

Societal changesSocietal changes

DemographicsDemographics

Culturally diversity, lack of fundingCulturally diversity, lack of funding

Health and Self-EfficacyHealth and Self-Efficacy

Health follows Biopsychosocial model Health follows Biopsychosocial model

Perceived self-efficacy in healthPerceived self-efficacy in health

Exercise in control over negative Exercise in control over negative health habitshealth habits

Roots of Health Self-EfficacyRoots of Health Self-Efficacy

Begins with familyBegins with family

Schools influenceSchools influence

Social supportSocial support

Individual vs. Collective Individual vs. Collective SocietiesSocieties

Perceived self-efficacy leads to group Perceived self-efficacy leads to group and collective goodand collective good

Vital for successful adaptation and Vital for successful adaptation and changechange

Help improve quality of lifeHelp improve quality of life

Under miners to Collective-Under miners to Collective-EfficacyEfficacy

““Transitional interdependencies”Transitional interdependencies”

Only preserving the pastOnly preserving the past

Higher personal self-efficacyHigher personal self-efficacy

Lack of good leadershipLack of good leadership