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Semantic Aspects of Translation 2
ContentsContentsIntroductionPhase I: Semantic CompositionPhase II: QuantificationThe Use of Case Information
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IntroductionIntroductionThe subject of this chapter
The utilization of semantic knowledge in the process of understanding spoken inputs as practiced in the SRI speech understanding
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IntroductionIntroductionThree functions in the understanding process
Filtering out phrase combinationsBuilding deep, internal structuresMaking predictions
In this chapter, the major emphasis will be on the first two
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PHASE I: Semantic PHASE I: Semantic CompositionComposition
Acoustic stream
Network fragment
Semantic Composition
Rule (SCR)
Knowledge Space
ResultAdd Property Lists
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PHASE I: Semantic CompositionPHASE I: Semantic Composition“A power plant of a submarine was built by a comp
any”
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““A power plant of a submarine was built by a coA power plant of a submarine was built by a company”mpany” Grammar
R1: S => NP VP
R2: NP => NP PREPP
R3: VP=> VP PREPP
R4: PREPP => PREP NP
Lexicon
NP: a-power-plant,
a-submarine,
a-company
VP: was-built
PREP: of, by
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PHASE I: Semantic CompositionPHASE I: Semantic Composition
PHRASE INTERPRETATION
NP1 (‘P’ . NP1)NP2 (‘S’ . NP2)NP3 (‘C’ . NP3)NP4 (‘P’ . NP4)PREP1 pre netPREP2 pre netPREPP1 (‘C’ . NP3)PREPP2 (‘S’ . NP2)S1 (‘B’ . S1)S2 (‘B’ . S2)VP1 (‘B’ . VP1)VP2 (‘B’ . VP2)
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PHASE I: Semantic CompositionPHASE I: Semantic CompositionInteracting with Discourse
“General.Dynamics built the American submarine”
“General.Dynamics built the Henry.L.Stimson”
The actual task of relating “the American submarine” to the Henry.L.Stimson is performed by the discourse component
Described fully in Chapter XI
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GrammarR1: S => NP VP
R2: VP => VP NP
R3: NP=> N
R4: NP => ART MOD N
Lexicon
NP: General.Dynamics,
submarine,
VP: built
MOD: American
ART: a, an, the
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PHASE I: Semantic CompositionPHASE I: Semantic CompositionResult of the quantification procedure (Phase II)
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PHASE I: Semantic PHASE I: Semantic CompositionCompositionOther Aspects of the SCRs
Multiple Node Lexical Entries•“beam of the Henry.L.Stimson”•“beam of 33 feet”
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PHASE I: Semantic CompositionPHASE I: Semantic CompositionEquiv Arcs
•“The Henry.L.Stimson is a ship.”
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PHASE II: QuantificationPHASE II: Quantification“Did General.Dynamics build every Lafayette?”
The result of Phase I“General.Dynamics built a Lafayette.”
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““DidDid General.Dynamics build General.Dynamics build everyevery Lafayette?” Lafayette?”
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““DidDid General.Dynamics build General.Dynamics build everyevery Lafayette?” Lafayette?”