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Authors
Semantic Search, in Proc. Of WWW 2003. Author
R. Guhua (IBM) Rob McCool (Stanford University) Eric Miller (www.w3.org)
Semantic Web Definition
Semantic Web is the idea of having data on the web defined and linked in a way that it can be used for more effective discovery, automation, integration , and reuse across various applications.ResourceRelation
Semantic Web vs. Current Web
Documents vs. Real World Objects
Human vs. Machine Readable Info
HTML vs. Semantic Web
Distributed Extensibility
Semantic Search Introduction
Navigational Search--The user provides the search engine a
phrase or combination of words which are expected to be found in the documents. No interpretation.
Research Search--The user provides a phrase which is
intended to denote an object about which the user is trying to gather information.
Semantic Search Goals
Augment traditional search results with data pulled from the Semantic Web
Use an understanding of the denotation of the search term to improve traditional search
TAP
TAP (Stanford University)An infrastructure for the applications on the
Semantic WebFor sites to publish data onto Semantic WebFor applications to consume the data throug
h query interface called GetData
GetData query interface
GetData(<resource>, <property>)=><value> Examples
GetData(<Yo-Yoma>, birthplace)=><Paris, France> GetData(<Paris, France>, temperature)=>57F GetData(<EricMiller>, livesIn)=><Dublin, Ohio>
Search: returns all the resources whose properties contain the query string
Reflection: Given a node, returns the arcs going in and out of the node
TAP Publish, Registry and Cach
TAPache Creates a directory and places RDF files in it. The
URL associated with each graph is that of the file.
Registry A separate server to keep track of what graph has
the values for which properties about which resources.
Caching Cache the responses to GetData Requests
Data Source
Activity Based Search (ABS)Musicians, athletes, actors, places, products
W3C Semantic Search People, W3C activities, working groups and
other committees, documents and news
System Architecture
Choose a denotationMap the search term to one or more nodes
of the Semantic WebDetermine what to show
What data to show and in what orderFormat
Display the results in a user interface
Choosing a Denotation
Ambiguity SolutionPick the denotation according to the
popularity of the termOr according to the user profileOr according to the search context
Complex Search Term SolutionRestrict complex search terms to only two
denotations
Determining what to show
Method 1 Breadth first order search with heuristics rules such
as include at most N triples with the same source and same arc label or include at most M triples with the same source.
Method 2 For each class or object, the set of pre-defined
properties are manually specified
Hybrid
Semantics for Text Search
Enable a search engine to understand that different occurrences of the same string denote different things
Filter and rank the results to show the documents referring to the chosen denotation
Heuristics
Knowing the user is searching for a person
The type of the personGeneral knowledge about the person,
like e-mail address
Conclusion
Two mechanismsAugment the search resultsProvide denotation to the search
Future WorkHelp the text search system to exploit a
deeper understanding of the search term’s denotation