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Semantic Web Motivating Example

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Page 1: Semantic Web Motivating Example. A Motivating example Here’s a motivating example, adapted from a presentation by Ivan Herman It introduces semantic web

Semantic WebMotivating Example

Page 2: Semantic Web Motivating Example. A Motivating example Here’s a motivating example, adapted from a presentation by Ivan Herman It introduces semantic web

A Motivating example

• Here’s a motivating example, adapted from a presentation by Ivan Herman• It introduces semantic web concepts• and illustrates the benefits of representing

your data using the semantic web techniques• And motivates some of the semantic web

technologies

Page 3: Semantic Web Motivating Example. A Motivating example Here’s a motivating example, adapted from a presentation by Ivan Herman It introduces semantic web

We start with a book...

Page 4: Semantic Web Motivating Example. A Motivating example Here’s a motivating example, adapted from a presentation by Ivan Herman It introduces semantic web

A simplified bookstore data

ID Author

Title Publisher Year

ISBN 0-00-6511409-X id_xyz The Glass Palace id_qpr 2000

ID Name Homepage

id_xyz Ghosh, Amitav http://www.amitavghosh.com

ID Publisher’s name

City

id_qpr Harper Collins London

Page 5: Semantic Web Motivating Example. A Motivating example Here’s a motivating example, adapted from a presentation by Ivan Herman It introduces semantic web

Export data as a set of relations

http://…isbn/000651409X

Ghosh, Amitav http://www.amitavghosh.com

The Glass Palace

2000

London

Harper Collins

a:title

a:year

a:city

a:p_name

a:namea:homepage

a:authora:publishe

r

Page 6: Semantic Web Motivating Example. A Motivating example Here’s a motivating example, adapted from a presentation by Ivan Herman It introduces semantic web

Notes on exporting the data

• Relations form a graph–Nodes refer to “real” data or some literal–We’ll defer dealing with the Graph representation• Data export doesn’t necessarily mean physical

conversion of the data– relations can be generated on-the-fly at query time• All of the data need not be exported

Page 7: Semantic Web Motivating Example. A Motivating example Here’s a motivating example, adapted from a presentation by Ivan Herman It introduces semantic web

Same book in French…

Page 8: Semantic Web Motivating Example. A Motivating example Here’s a motivating example, adapted from a presentation by Ivan Herman It introduces semantic web

Bookstore data (dataset “F”)

A B C D

1 ID Titre Traducteur Original2 ISBN 2020286682 Le Palais des Miroirs $A12$ ISBN 0-00-6511409-X3

4

5

6 ID Auteur7 ISBN 0-00-6511409-

X$A11$

8

9

10 Nom11 Ghosh, Amitav12 Besse, Christianne

Page 9: Semantic Web Motivating Example. A Motivating example Here’s a motivating example, adapted from a presentation by Ivan Herman It introduces semantic web

Export data as a set of relations

http://…isbn/000651409X

Ghosh, Amitav

Besse, Christianne

Le palais des miroirs

f:original

f:nom

f:traducteur

f:auteurf:titre

http://…isbn/2020386682

f:nom

Page 10: Semantic Web Motivating Example. A Motivating example Here’s a motivating example, adapted from a presentation by Ivan Herman It introduces semantic web

Start merging your data

http://…isbn/000651409X

Ghosh, Amitav

Besse, Christianne

Le palais des miroirs

f:original

f:nom

f:traducteur

f:auteur f:titre

http://…isbn/2020386682

f:nom

http://…isbn/000651409X

Ghosh, Amitav

http://www.amitavghosh.com

The Glass Palace

2000

London

Harper Collins

a:title

a:year

a:city

a:p_name

a:namea:homepage

a:author

a:publishe

r

Page 11: Semantic Web Motivating Example. A Motivating example Here’s a motivating example, adapted from a presentation by Ivan Herman It introduces semantic web

Merging your data

http://…isbn/000651409X

Ghosh, Amitav

Besse, Christianne

Le palais des miroirs

f:original

f:nom

f:traducteur

f:auteur f:titre

http://…isbn/2020386682

f:nom

http://…isbn/000651409X

Ghosh, Amitav

http://www.amitavghosh.com

The Glass Palace

2000

London

Harper Collins

a:title

a:year

a:city

a:p_name

a:namea:homepage

a:author

a:publishe

r Same URI!

Page 12: Semantic Web Motivating Example. A Motivating example Here’s a motivating example, adapted from a presentation by Ivan Herman It introduces semantic web

Merging your dataa:title

Ghosh, Amitav

Besse, Christianne

Le palais des miroirs

f:original

f:nom

f:traducteur

f:auteur

f:titre

http://…isbn/2020386682

f:nom

Ghosh, Amitav

http://www.amitavghosh.com

The Glass Palace

2000

London

Harper Collins

a:year

a:city

a:p_name

a:namea:homepage

a:author

a:publishe

r

http://…isbn/000651409X

Page 13: Semantic Web Motivating Example. A Motivating example Here’s a motivating example, adapted from a presentation by Ivan Herman It introduces semantic web

Start making queries…

• User of data “F” can now ask aout the title of the original• This information is not in the dataset “F”…•…but can be retrieved by merging with dataset

“A”!

Page 14: Semantic Web Motivating Example. A Motivating example Here’s a motivating example, adapted from a presentation by Ivan Herman It introduces semantic web

However, more can be achieved…•Maybe a:author & f:auteur should be the same• But an automatic merge doesn’t know that!• Add extra information to the merged data:– a:author same as f:auteur– both identify a “Person”– Where Person is a term that may have already been

defined, e.g.:• A “Person” is uniquely identified by a full name, a

homepage, facebook page, G+ page or email address• It can be used as a “category” for certain type of

resources

Page 15: Semantic Web Motivating Example. A Motivating example Here’s a motivating example, adapted from a presentation by Ivan Herman It introduces semantic web

Use this extra knowledge

Besse, Christianne

Le palais des miroirsf:original

f:nom

f:traducteur

f:auteur

f:titre

http://…isbn/2020386682

f:nom

Ghosh, Amitav

http://www.amitavghosh.com

The Glass Palace

2000

London

Harper Collins

a:title

a:year

a:city

a:p_name

a:namea:homepage

a:author

a:publishe

r

http://…isbn/000651409X

http://…foaf/Personr:type

r:type

Page 16: Semantic Web Motivating Example. A Motivating example Here’s a motivating example, adapted from a presentation by Ivan Herman It introduces semantic web

This enables richer queries• User of dataset “F” can now query:– “donnes-moi la page d’accueil de l’auteur de l’original”• well… “give me the home page of the original’s ‘auteur’”

• The information is not in datasets “F” or “A”…•…but was made available by:– Merging datasets “A” and datasets “F”– Adding three simple extra

statements– Inferring the consequences

Page 17: Semantic Web Motivating Example. A Motivating example Here’s a motivating example, adapted from a presentation by Ivan Herman It introduces semantic web

Combine with different datasets

• Using, e.g., the “Person”, the dataset can be combined with other sources• For example, data in Wikipedia can be

extracted using dedicated tools– e.g., the “dbpedia” project can extract the

“infobox” information from Wikipedia already…

http://dbpedia.org/
Page 18: Semantic Web Motivating Example. A Motivating example Here’s a motivating example, adapted from a presentation by Ivan Herman It introduces semantic web

Merge with Wikipedia data

Besse, Christianne

Le palais des miroirsf:original

f:nom

f:traducteur

f:auteur

f:titre

http://…isbn/2020386682

f:nom

Ghosh, Amitav http://www.amitavghosh.com

The Glass Palace

2000

London

Harper Collins

a:title

a:year

a:city

a:p_name

a:namea:homepage

a:author

a:publishe

r

http://…isbn/000651409X

http://…foaf/Personr:type

r:type

http://dbpedia.org/../Amitav_Ghosh

r:type

foaf:name w:reference

Page 19: Semantic Web Motivating Example. A Motivating example Here’s a motivating example, adapted from a presentation by Ivan Herman It introduces semantic web

Merge with Wikipedia data

Besse, Christianne

Le palais des miroirsf:original

f:nom

f:traducteur

f:auteur

f:titre

http://…isbn/2020386682

f:nom

Ghosh, Amitav http://www.amitavghosh.com

The Glass Palace

2000

London

Harper Collins

a:title

a:year

a:city

a:p_name

a:namea:homepage

a:author

a:publishe

r

http://…isbn/000651409X

http://…foaf/Personr:type

r:type

http://dbpedia.org/../Amitav_Ghosh

http://dbpedia.org/../The_Hungry_Tide

http://dbpedia.org/../The_Calcutta_Chromosome

http://dbpedia.org/../The_Glass_Palace

r:type

foaf:name w:reference

w:author_of

w:author_of

w:author_of

w:isbn

Page 20: Semantic Web Motivating Example. A Motivating example Here’s a motivating example, adapted from a presentation by Ivan Herman It introduces semantic web

Merge with Wikipedia data

Besse, Christianne

Le palais des miroirsf:original

f:nom

f:traducteur

f:auteur

f:titre

http://…isbn/2020386682

f:nom

Ghosh, Amitav http://www.amitavghosh.com

The Glass Palace

2000

London

Harper Collins

a:title

a:year

a:city

a:p_name

a:namea:homepage

a:author

a:publishe

r

http://…isbn/000651409X

http://…foaf/Personr:type

r:type

http://dbpedia.org/../Amitav_Ghosh

http://dbpedia.org/../The_Hungry_Tide

http://dbpedia.org/../The_Calcutta_Chromosome

http://dbpedia.org/../Kolkata

http://dbpedia.org/../The_Glass_Palace

r:type

foaf:name w:reference

w:author_of

w:author_of

w:author_of

w:born_in

w:isbn

w:long w:lat

Page 21: Semantic Web Motivating Example. A Motivating example Here’s a motivating example, adapted from a presentation by Ivan Herman It introduces semantic web

Is that surprising?

• It may look like it but, in fact, it should not be…•What happened via automatic means is done

every day by Web users!•What is needed is a way to let machines decide

when classes, properties and individuals are the same or different

Page 22: Semantic Web Motivating Example. A Motivating example Here’s a motivating example, adapted from a presentation by Ivan Herman It introduces semantic web

This can be even more powerful• Add extra knowledge to the merged datasets– e.g., a full classification of various types of library

data– geographical information– etc.• This is where ontologies, extra rules, etc., come

in– ontologies/rule sets can be relatively simple and

small, or huge, or anything in between…• Even more powerful queries can be asked as a

result

Page 23: Semantic Web Motivating Example. A Motivating example Here’s a motivating example, adapted from a presentation by Ivan Herman It introduces semantic web

So where is the Semantic Web?• The Semantic Web provides technologies to make such integration possible! •Hopefully you get a full picture at the end of the tutorial…


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