semantic web technology @kmutnb seminar 15052014

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Semantic Web and Ontology Engineering : Seminar and Workshop Dr.Krich Intratip (Peakmaker): PhD. in IT IT Seminar on 15/05/2014

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Semantic Web Technology and Ontology Engineering at KMUTNB Seminar (15052014) by Dr.Krich Intratip (Peakmaker) : https://www.facebook.com/groups/zimmaticlab/

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Page 1: Semantic Web Technology @KMUTNB Seminar 15052014

Semantic Web and Ontology Engineering : Seminar and Workshop

Dr.Krich Intratip (Peakmaker): PhD. in IT

IT Seminar on 15/05/2014

Page 2: Semantic Web Technology @KMUTNB Seminar 15052014

Agenda IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

Fundamental of Semantic Web Technology

Semantic Web application : Development and Challenging

Research trend on Semantic Web

An Ontology Engineering : GT Approach and Tools

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Fundamental of Semantic Web Technology

IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

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Introduction IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

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Semantic Web was introduced

Berners-Lee at the Home Office, London, 2010

T. Berners Lee, J. Hendler and O. Lassila. The Semantic Web. Scientific American, May 2001.

”The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in which information is given Well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation.”

IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

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Semantic Web was introduced

Berners-Lee at the Home Office, London, 2010

The semantic web : an interview with Tim Berners Lee, Consortium Standard Bulletin, 2005. http://www.consortiuminfo.org/bulletins/semanticweb.php

“The semantic web is designed to smoothly interconnect personal information management, enterprise application integration, and the global sharing of commercial, scientific and culture data. We are talking about data here, not human documents.”

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What Is An Ontology?

• Ontology (Socrates & Aristotle 400-360 BC)

• The study of being

• Word borrowed by computing for the explicit description of the conceptualization of a domain: – concepts

– properties and attributes of concepts

– constraints on properties and attributes

– Individuals (often, but not always)

• An ontology defines – a common vocabulary

– a shared understanding

http://www.co-ode.org/resources/tutorials/iswc2005

IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

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Why Develop an Ontology? • To share common understanding of the

structure of descriptive information – among people

– among software agents

– between people and software

• To enable reuse of domain knowledge – to avoid “re-inventing the wheel”

– to introduce standards to allow interoperability

http://www.co-ode.org/resources/tutorials/iswc2005

IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

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Data-Information-Knowledge-Wisdom

Wisdom

Knowledge

Information

Data

Concept Technology

IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

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2.0 VS 3.0 IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

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Database App. VS Semantic Web App.

Transaction

• Table & Data

• Relationship for join data

• Query

• Can’t separate domain knowledge from programming code

• Intelligence by human

Semantic

• Concept & Instance

• Relationship create meaning

• Inference

• Domain knowledge independence

• Intelligence by machine

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Triple makes a semantic

Meaning

Subject

Predicate

Object

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Concept & Instance

Concept

instance

instance

instance

instance

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Structural Relations

Class roles Ontology

Super class

Sub class

Is-a

Part-of

Attribute-of

RDF/OWL

Relations

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Semantic Web Stack IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

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Ontology

OWL

Knowledge Relation of Things

Logic

Database

Data

represents

represents

implemented by

is

is

SWRL

implemented by

applied with

Intelligence

introduces

Semantic Web Technology

is a kind of

is a kind of

Semantic Web Concept IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

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Group of entities

Class Interested topics Relations

is a

captures from represented by has

Knowledge

has a

Logic

Rules of the knowledge

Knowledge powerful (Intelligence)

is a

increases

has a

Instances

Data items of the concepts or entities

URI

are

referred by stored in

has

referred by

Semantic Web

Domain concept

used by

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http://semanticweb.org/id/Denny_Vrandecic

URIs / IRIs • URIs are “Uniform Resource Identifiers”

– IRI: Unicode-based “Internationalized Resource Identifiers”

• Every URI identifies one entity

• Semantic Web URIs usually use HTTP – HyperText Transfer Protocol

– Can be resolved to get more data (ideally)

– Linked data

Protocol Domain Local name

thing:Denny_Vrandecic Prefix

Namespace

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Angola

Africa

Zambia

Country

Continent

type

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http://ontoworld.org/id/Angola

http://ontoworld.org/id/Africa

http://ontoworld.org/id/Zambia

Angola

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label

Africa

Located in

Zambia

Country

Borders

Continent http://ontoworld.org/id/Category:Country

http://ontoworld.org/id/Category:Continent

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22/rdf-syntax-ns#type

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http://ontoworld.org/id/Angola

http://ontoworld.org/id/Africa

http://ontoworld.org/id/Zambia

ประเทศแองโกลา

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label

ทวปแอฟรกา

แหง

ประเทศแซมเบย

ประเทศ

ชายแดน

ทวป http://ontoworld.org/id/Category:Country

http://ontoworld.org/id/Category:Continent

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22/rdf-syntax-ns#type

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http://ontoworld.org/id/Angola

http://ontoworld.org/id/Africa

http://ontoworld.org/id/Zambia

Angola

http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label

Africa

Located in

Zambia

Country

Borders

Continent http://ontoworld.org/id/Category:Country

http://ontoworld.org/id/Category:Continent

http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22/rdf-syntax-ns#type

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Slide 23

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Web 3.0, Semantic Web, Ontology, Linked data

• Web 3.0 เปนยคของเวบ จะเขาใจเรองยคของเวบตองไปดความเปนมาจาก Web

1.0(Hyperlink-Web of documents) -> Web 2.0(Social, Collaborative, Networking Web) ->Web 3.0(Intelligent Web, Web of linked data) ซงแตละยคกเนนประโยชนการใชงานเวบไปคนละอยาง

• Semantic Web เปนเทคโนโลยหนงของ Web 3.0 ทวาดวยเวบเชงความหมายทคอมพวเตอรสามารถอานแลวรบรได(machine readable) เทยบเคยงคลายกบ SOA ทเปนเทคโนโลยหนงของ Web 2.0

• Ontology เปน main component ของ Semantic Web หมายความวาหากไมม ontology แลวกจะไมเกด Semantic Web นนเอง แต ontology ไมใชทงหมดของ Semantic Web แคองคประกอบหลกเทานน

• Linked data เปนลกษณะหนงหรอแนวทางหนงในการ implement ตว Semantic Web แนนอนทสดแลวสงทอยเบองหลงมนกคอ ontology นนเอง

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Knowledge representation and Ontology

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Semantic Web application

Development and Challenging

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กระบวนการจดการความร (KM Processes)

Structuring Knowledge

ดร.มารต บรณรช, Ontology for Information System Design and Development, 28 พฤศจกายน 2553

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สงทตองรในการสราง Ontology

หนาตาของความรทน ามาสรางเปน Ontology เปนอยางไร?

ใครคอ Domain experts(ตวจรงทเปนตวแทนประชากรได)/Stakeholders?

Intend to use

กระบวนการตรวจสอบความถกตอง

• ความรทน ามาท าเปน Ontology

• Well-formed Design of ontology

Ontology improvement

IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

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Some of ontology (re)-engineering processes (Knowledge extraction)

• Define topic area – หวขอทสนใจคออะไร?

• Define domain specific – ประเดนทสนใจในหวขอนนทตองการใหความหมายหรอการอธบายคออะไร?

• Define intend to use (Domain expert) – การใหความหมายหรอการอธบายนนเพอวตถประสงคใด?

• Breakdown into sub-domains/concepts – กลมแนวความคดยอยหรอความหมายกลมยอยคออะไรบาง?

– Review literature (Consider reuse)

• Define indicators in each concept

• Define indicator measurement

• Define scale of the measurement

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Instrument & Ontology design

Domain

Intend to use

Concept 1

Concept 2

Att. 1 Att. 2 Att. 3 Att. 4 Att. 5 String Int

ตวบงชนามธรรม

ตวบงชสงเกตได

มาตรวด ขอบเขต

ใหความหมาย

ในสงทตองการ อธบาย

IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

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Principle of defining class and its relation

• Class (นามธรรมทตองการการอธบาย)

– ม class node อย 2 ประเภท • Concept node ควรตองไดรบการอธบายเพมเตมจาก node อน

– กฎ : ไมสามารถเปนทอยของ Instance ได

• Attribute node ควรตองไดรบการอธบายเพมเตมดวยการใส Instance

– กฎ : เปนทอยของ Instance

– มความสมพนธระหวาง concept node ไดสองแบบ • Is-a, Part-of

– มความสมพนธระหวาง concept node กบ Attribute node ไดแบบเดยว คอ Attribute-of

IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

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Principle of defining instance and its relation

• Instance (data item) – กฎ : ตองถกบรรจอยใน Attribute node

• One fact in one place

• Atomic value

• Relation – กบ Attribute node เปน Instance-of

– ระหวาง Instance อนใน Attribute node อนจะเปน Has_???

• เขาใจธรรมชาตของ Instance วาสามารถเจรญเตมโตไปเปน Node ไดเมอมการเปลยนแปลงจ าเปนตอง re-structure ontology

IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

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Class/Instance and their relations

concept

concept

concept

concept

concept

attribute

Is-a Part-of Att-of

Ins-of

parent

child

Intrinsic/Concrete VS Extrinsic/Logical

instance

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INFERENCE ? QUERY & RULE

35

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Inference and Decision

• ขอเทจจรง – ความสง(m)

– น าหนก(kg)

• เกดคณสมบตตามมา (Query) – BMI = น าหนก(kg) / ความสง(m) ยกก าลงสอง

• การอนมาน – ใชเกณฑมาตดสน หรอการใหความหมาย

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First-order_logic

http://www.chulabook.com/description.asp?barcode=978974

0326960

IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

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การท าอนมาน

ภาวะ คาดชนความหนาทค านวณได ผอม ระดบ 4 < 16.0 ผอม ระดบ 3 16.0-16.9 ผอม ระดบ 2 17.0-18.4 ผอม ระดบ 1 18.5-19.9 ปกต 20.0-24.9 อวน ระดบ1 25.0-29.9 อวน ระดบ 2 30.0-39.9 อวน ระดบ 3 > 40.0

http://www.thailabonline.com/BMI.htm

IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

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หลกการส าคญในการออกแบบ Ontology

• พจารณาความละเอยดหยาบของสงทตองการอธบาย และใหแตละระดบของการอธบายมความละเอยดหยาบพอๆกน (Generic VS Specific)

• ปกตแลว Ontology ใชหลกการจดกลมจดประเภทขอมลหรอกลมแนวคด เปนหมวดหม (Taxonomy) เปน Hierarchy แลวใช First order logic ในการอนมานความหมาย ซงความหมายจะไมคลมเครอถาหากขอมลหรอกลมแนวคดนนมอยทเดยว(Unique) ในโครงสราง Ontology

• จะเพมความสามารถในการ Reuse ใหกบ Ontology ได โดยท าให Ontology นนมความหมายชดเจนอยางใดอยางหนงตามเจตนารมณการใชงาน

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Ontology quality attributes

• Business (Usage) Objectives and scope must be clearly identified

• Knowledge must be reliable

• Knowledge must be accessible and available

• Knowledge must be shared and integrated seamlessly

intention reliable

sources/processes

Web technology and triple

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Knowledge & Ontology development life cycle

Describe domain and

intend to use

Instrument development

Gather information

Build up domain

knowledge

Practice based

ontology design

Inference over

ontology

meaning

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Maintenance and performance problems

Hard to maintenance

Domain knowledge is in both its

ontology and its programming code

One fact is in many places

Lack of performance

Ontology is too big

Unnecessary nodes or instances

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Goals

Easy to maintenance

Increase performance

Ontology improvement

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Domain knowledge is in both the ontology and its programming code

• Not only programming problem but also ontology design problem

• Domain knowledge should be in ontology and should not be in programming code

• Hard to maintain the ontology (adding, deleting, removing, modifying)

• Blur in domain and range of the attribute

• Cause to composite value

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Example of composite value

Black color Label

Black Label Red Label

Black box, color of box is black

Red Box, color of box is red

Black t-shirt, color of t-shirt is black

Product name

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Example of composite value

Black color Label

Black Label Red Label

Black box, color of box is black

Red Box, color of box is red

Black t-shirt, color of t-shirt is black

Product name

Composite value Non-composite value

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Example of composite value

Black color Label

Black Label Red Label

Black box, color of box is black

Red Box, color of box is red

Black t-shirt, color of t-shirt is black

Product name

It is a design problem issue, not only programming problem issue.

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Some domain knowledge are thrown in Programming area

Composite value

Ontology area

Programming area “Bla

ck b

ox”

“Black box”

Black

Box

Separate to

What does it mean?

What is the box color?

What is the item?

for

for

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Optimizing Rules

• Step-wise approach for improving for ontology design – 4 optimizing rules

• Remove composite-values to optimize the maintenance

• Remove one fact in many places to optimize the maintenance

• Remove unused class to optimize the performance • Remove unnecessary class to optimize the

maintenance and performance

“Optimize both the maintenance and performance”

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Research trend on Semantic Web

Berners-Lee says the next big thing for changing and

understanding the world, and the next big thing for the

internet, is the ability to access whatever data we need,

whenever we need it. By connecting our data together

we can solve world problems and make life easier.

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Web Technology Trend IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

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Research trend Semantic Search

•New Google

•Helpdesk

Recommendations

•DSS

•suggestion

Personalized assistant

•Meeting

•Planning

•Living

•Personalize

Business intelligent

•Education/Library

•Healthcare

•Advertisement

•CRM

Linked data

•Large scale/Big data

•Semantic based CMS

•Multimedia

Geo-based

•Military

•Agriculture

•Infrastructure

Knowledge engineering Knowledge grid Knowledge repository NLP

Knowledge as Service Knowledge transformation Cloud computing

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Linked-data : Method

Collabora-ting

Sharing Using Adjusting Genera-

ting Training

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Semantic-Based Geo

Geo

Event

Person Time

Object Transaction

http://www.geonames.org/

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Ontology engineering

60

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7 ontology design problems (150 samples from in-depth interview)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Structure

Redundancy

Composite value

InferencePerformance

Reusablility

Maintainablility

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Ontology building problems (150 samples from in-depth interview)

7

problems

Design Knowledge acquisition

87% 100%

Solved 67% Solved 7%

Design principle

Sources Extraction method

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Research problems • Ontology is not reliable

Problems

Mistake on ontology design

Ontology is not fit Mistake on knowledge

extraction process

Semantic Web development

Semantic Web application performance

Reliability on Semantic Web application

Impact

Impact Impact

IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

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An example of relevance theory 56/20 หม 5 ต.ปลายบาง อ.บางกรวย จ.นนทบร 11130

IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

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Ontology study

Ontology study AI

Knowledge representation

Description logic

Meaning of ontology

RDF OWL SWRL Ontology development

Ontology engineering

Ontology design

Ontology improvement

Semantic web

IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

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Business rule approach

• List business rules using If-Then format and align them

• Identify nodes(concept and attribute) and their relations

• Group rules within nodes

• Identify Usecase

• Create procedure

• Create OWL using nodes and their relations

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Scenario

• Case : OO-Programming expert

• Need to know who are the expert in OO-Programming though, the system has no related information about OO in knowledgebase

IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

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List business rules

• If the man know C++ then imply that the man knows OO • If the man know C# then imply that the man knows OO • If the man know Java then imply that the man knows OO

• If the man know C then imply that the man knows Structure programming • If the man know Pascal then imply that the man knows Structure

programming

• If the man know VB then imply that the man knows .Net framework • If the man know C# then imply that the man knows .Net framework

• If the man know PHP then imply that the man knows web programming • If the man know ASP then imply that the man knows web programming • If the man know JSP then imply that the man knows web programming

IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

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Identify nodes(concept and attribute)

• Concept nodes – Person

• Attribute nodes – Name – Programming skills

• Instances – C++ – C# – Java – C – Pascal – PHP – ASP – JSP

– IT Knowledge • OO • .Net framework • Structure programming • Web programming

• Relation – Name (att-of) Person – Programming skills (att-of) Person – Name (has_Skills) Programming skills

IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

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Group rules and nodes

• G#1 : Who knows OO (Name has_skills Programming skills) – If the man know C++ then imply that the man know OO – If the man know C# then imply that the man know OO – If the man know Java then imply that the man know OO

• G#2 : Who knows structure programming (Name has_skills Programming skills) – If the man know C then imply that the man know Structure programming – If the man know Pascal then imply that the an know Structure programming

• G#3 : Who knows .Net framework (Name has_skills Programming skills) – If the man know VB then imply that the man know .Net framework – If the man know C# then imply that the man know .Net framework

• G#4 : Who knows web programming (Name has_skills Programming skills) – If the man know PHP then imply that the man know web programming – If the man know ASP then imply that the man know web programming – If the man know JSP then imply that the man know web programming

IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

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Identify Usecase

List person who knows structure

programming

List person who kows OO

List persone who knows .Net

framework

User

List person who knows web

programming

IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

Page 72: Semantic Web Technology @KMUTNB Seminar 15052014

Create procedure

Start

List imply

options

List OO List

structure P.

List .Net List web P.

End

IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

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Create OWL using nodes and their relations

IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

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Roles and Relationships (ontology improvement)

concept

concept

concept

concept

concept

Is-a Part-of Att-of

Ins-of

Subject

Object

Predicate

attribute

instance

IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

Page 75: Semantic Web Technology @KMUTNB Seminar 15052014

Relationship assignment

parent node child node relation meaning

concept class node concept class node is-a superset/subset

concept class node concept class node part-of component

concept class node attribute class node attribute-of property

attribute class node instance node instance-of fact

IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

Page 76: Semantic Web Technology @KMUTNB Seminar 15052014

ตวอยางการสราง Ontology ตามแนวทาง GT

• Ref. : เอกสารขอมลตวอยาง

Page 77: Semantic Web Technology @KMUTNB Seminar 15052014

OWL: Things

Person

Thai_person Address

Name

Address

Title

Gender

Status

House_no

Tumbol

District Province

Post_code

Somchai

Somporn

Wipoj

Somjit

Jintana

Mr.

Miss

Mrs.

Ms.

male

female single

married

divorce

widowed

100

56

72 Plai-Bang

Bang-Pood

Tale-Chupsorn

Bang-Kruai

Park-Ked

Meuang

Nonthaburi

Lop-Buri

10300

11130

15000

Is_a Is_a

P/o

a/o

a/o

I/o

I/o

I/o

I/o

I/o

I/o

I/o

I/o

I/o

Is_a

IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

Page 78: Semantic Web Technology @KMUTNB Seminar 15052014

OWL: Things

Person

Thai_person Address

Name

Address

Title

Status

House_no

Tumbol

District Province

Post_code

Somchai

Somporn

Wipoj

Somjit

Jintana

Mr.

Miss

Mrs.

Ms.

single

married

divorce

widowed

100

56

72 Plai-Bang

Bang-Pood

Tale-Chupsorn

Bang-Kruai

Park-Ked

Meuang

Nonthaburi

Lop-Buri

10300

11130

15000

Is_a Is_a

P/o

a/o

a/o

I/o

I/o

I/o

I/o

I/o

I/o

I/o

I/o

Is_a

IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

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Grounded theory : coding IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

Page 80: Semantic Web Technology @KMUTNB Seminar 15052014

การสราง ontology จาก GTM

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Ontology using GT with improvement method

IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

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Role assignment Flow IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

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RDF-OWL-DL-GT IT Seminar on 15/05/2014 @ KMUTNB : Dr.Krich Intratip

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แนะน า Hozo ontology editor

Ref: คมอการใชงาน Hozo-Ontology Editor (NECTEC, 2555)

Page 85: Semantic Web Technology @KMUTNB Seminar 15052014

อานเพมเตม

• คมอการใชงาน Protégé

• การใชงาน SWRL บน Protégé

• Blog : Potheus @http://potheus.blogspot.com/

• Discussion @https://www.facebook.com/groups/zimmaticlab

Page 86: Semantic Web Technology @KMUTNB Seminar 15052014

• ขอเชญชวน รวมงานและสง paper ในงาน International Conference :

the 4th Joint International Semantic Technology

(JIST2014) conference • งานจดวนท 9-11 พ.ย. 2014 ทเชยงใหม ในธม “Open Data and Semantic

Technology” deadline สง paper : 1 ส.ค.2014 • งานนคมมาก ทานจะไดรจกกบนกวชาการ ผเชยวชาญทท างานเกยวกบ Semantic

Web Technology โดยตรง สามารถเขาพดคย ปรกษา หารอ ไดอยางเปนกนเอง (แอบกระซบวาหลายๆ ทานจบการศกษาเพราะทานผเชยวชาญเหลานมาเยอะแลวดงนนอยาพลาดโอกาสทดๆ เชนน)

• นอกจากนทานยงไดมโอกาส workshop กบผพฒนา HoZo : Ontology

Editor Tool โดยตรง (อะไรจะดขนาดน) รายละเอยดเพมเตมท : http://language-semantic.org/jist2014/

Page 87: Semantic Web Technology @KMUTNB Seminar 15052014

ขอขอบคณทกทานครบ ขอเสนอแนะ หรอ ขอซกถาม

Dr.Krich Intratip : Peakmaker

Dr.Sasiporn Usanavasin

FB: Zimmantic lab https://www.facebook.com/groups/zimmaticlab/

FB: SEM Study Lab https://www.facebook.com/groups/SEMStudyLab/