semantic web zum anfassen-af - oio · • „the semantic web is an extension of the current web in...
TRANSCRIPT
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Orientation in Objects GmbH
Weinheimer Str. 6868309 Mannheim
Version: 1.0
Semantic Web... zum Anfassen
Felix Kugel (OIO)
&
Heiko Heller (FZI)
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Definition
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Übersicht
• Hintergrund: Metadaten und Ontologien• Beispiel: Reuters Calais Web Service• Semantic Web mit Java
• Semantic Wave 2008 Report (Project10X)?
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Semantic Web - Definition 2001
• „The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in whichinformation is given well-defined meaning, better enablingcomputers and people to work in cooperation.“
• Scientific American, 2001
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Semantic Web - Definition 2007
• „A set of formats and languages that find and analyze data on theWorld Wide Web, allowing consumers and businesses to understandall kinds of useful online information.“
• Scientific American, 2007
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Web 3.0
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Die Entwicklung des Internets bis 2020?
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Beispiel: Kontaktadresse
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Adresse in HTML
<P>FZI Forschungszentrum Informatik<BR>Haid-und-Neu-Straße 10-14<BR>76131 Karlsruhe<BR>Tel.: +49 721 9654-0<BR>Fax: +49 721 9654-909</P>
<p><b>Orientation in Objects GmbH</b><br />Weinheimer Str. 68<br />68309 Mannheim<br /></p>
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Adresse mit hCard - Microformat
<div class="adr">FZI Forschungszentrum Informatik<BR><div class="street-address">
Haid-und-Neu-Straße 10-14</div><span class="postal-code">
76131</span><span class="locality">Karlsruhe</span><span class="tel">
<span class="value">+49 721 9654-0
</span></span>
</div>
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Metadaten
• Metadaten sagen etwas aus über die Bedeutung bestimmter Daten• Microformats
– Konventionen für HTML• RDF
– Basis des Semantic Web
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
GRDDL: Microformats & RDF
Quelle: W3C
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
RDF – Resource Description Framework
• Datenformat für Metadaten– z.B. im RDF-XML Serialisierungsformat
• RDFS (RDF Schema) – Metamodell für RDF- Metadaten– Analog zu XML und XML Schema
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
RDF: Tripel und Graphen
• Statements / Tripel• Resourcen• Literale
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Orientation in Objects GmbH
Weinheimer Str. 6868309 Mannheim
Version:
Basic semantictechnologies
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbH
Angola Africalocated in
Zambia
located in
bordersCountry Continent
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbH
http://wiki.ontoworld.org/index.php/_Angolahttp://wiki.ontoworld.org/index.php/_Africa
http://wiki.ontoworld.org/index.php/_Relation-3ALocated_in
http://wiki.ontoworld.org/index.php/_Zambia
http://w
iki.ontoworld
.org/index.php/_Relation-
3ALocated_in
http://wiki.ontow
orld.org/index.php/_Relation-3ABorders
http://wiki.ontoworld.org/index.php/_Category-3ACountry
http://wiki.ontoworld.org/index.php/_Category-3AContinent
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbH
http://wiki.ontoworld.org/index.php/_Angolahttp://wiki.ontoworld.org/index.php/_Africa
http://wiki.ontoworld.org/index.php/_Relation-3ALocated_in
http://wiki.ontoworld.org/index.php/_Zambia
http://w
iki.ontoworld
.org/index.php/_Relation-3ALocated_in
http://wiki.ontow
orld.org/index.php/_Relation-3ABorders
http://wiki.ontoworld.org/index.php/_Category-3ACountry
http://wiki.ontoworld.org/index.php/_Category-3AContinent
Angola
http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#label
Africalocated in
Zambia
Country
borders
Continent
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbH
Angola Africalocated in
Zambia
located in
borders
Country Continent
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
RDF und XHTML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Strict//EN""http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict.dtd"><html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en"lang="en"> <head> <title>Semantic Web zum Anfassen</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-type" content='text/html;charset="utf-8"' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rdf+xml"title="RDF Version" href="example.rdf" /> </head> <body> ...
• XHTML:
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
RDF und XHTML
<?xml version="1.0"?><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"> <rdf:Descriptionrdf:about="http://example.org/document.html"> <dc:title>Example document</dc:title> <dc:description>An example document aboutnothing.</dc:description> <dc:creator>The author</dc:creator> </rdf:Description></rdf:RDF>
• RDF:
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Wo kommen die Metadaten her?
• Manuell:– Microformats in Webseiten– RDF-Dateien, die passend zu HTTP Ressourcen im Web publiziert
werden– Web 2.0 style (social tagging etc.)
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Wo kommen die Metadaten her?
• Automatisch:– Annotations- Dienste (z.B. Calais) – D2R (FU Berlin)– semanticdesktop.org
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Beispiel: Calais Web Service
• Service der Nachrichtenagentur Reuters• Für jedermann (40.000 Aufrufe pro Tag)• Extrahiert RDF- Metadaten aus Texten
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
SPARQL - RDF queries
• Abfragesprache für RDF- Graphen• Ähnlich SQL
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Beispiel: SPARQL mit Jena
• Jena Semantic Web Toolkit• Ursprünglich HP, jetzt Sourceforge• API für RDF, RDFS, OWL, SPARQL• Inferenzmaschine• Persistenz
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Reasoning
• „Schlussfolgern“• „Sehr mächtige“ Queries:
– „Um die Ecke“ fragen– Finden von Subgraphen– Konstruktion neuer Graphen
• Reasoner / Inferenzmaschine
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Ontologien
• „Gemeinsam genutzte Konzeptualisierung von Wissen über eineFachdomäne“
• Bausteine:– Klassen– Eigenschaften (Properties) – Instanzen
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Ontologien: Sprachstandards
• Alte:– XML Schema– DAML
• Neue:– RDFS– OWL
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
OWL (Ontology Web Language)
• Die Mächtigkeit einer Wissensrepräsentationssprache hatKonsequenzen für die algorithmische Komplexität des Reasoning
• Deshalb:– OWL DL (Description Logic) – OWL Full
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Ontologien: Werkzeuge
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Ontologien: Methoden
• Ontology Design• Ontology Alignment• Ontology Merging• Ontology Lifecycle Management• Ontology Evolution
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Ontologien: Marktübersicht
• Dublin Core• WordNet• Cyc• ...
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
semanticdesktop.org
• Semantisches Personal Information Management• Ontologie- Framework für Desktop Artefakte
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbH
colleague
friend
acquaintance
person
Topic
website document
image
event
person
Desktop: Help to manage personal knowledge/information(documents, files, e-mail, bookmarks, notes)?
Semantic: Make content available to automated processing Social: Enable exchange across individual boundaries
Social Semantic Desktop
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbH
colleague
friend
acquaintance
person
Topic
website document
image
event
person
Semantic search over the whole knowledge repositoryWhich documents are authored by people working for X?Show me pictures of these authors
Connect Outlook-contacts with Word-filesPerson X has written document Z as a response to email Y
Social Semantic Desktop
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbH
16 Partners
• Unites industry, research, and users
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbH
Nepomuk means…
NetworkedP2P-technology for efficient on-the-fly exchange
Environment forexisting applications can be interlinked
Personal Ontology-basedevery user maintains own structuresshared semantics emerge, like folksonomies
Management of Unified Knowledgeknowledge is connected across desktop borderssemantically enhanced browsing and searching
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbH
Serviceregistry andmiddleware
Peer-to-Peer storage
Services(search,
text analysis,adaptors)
Local storage(RDF know-
ledge base)
User Interfacecomponents
(mapping, wiki, search interface,
ontology browser)
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Orientation in Objects GmbH
Weinheimer Str. 6868309 Mannheim
Version: 1.0
Semantic MediaWikiSemantische Technologien mit Wikisverheiraten
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Semantic MediaWiki
Grundidee: Wissen in Wikis maschinenverarbeitbar machen
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Karlsruhe ist eine Stadtin [[Deutschland]]mit einer Bevölkerung von286.327.
Karlsruhe ist ein Stadtin [[liegt in::Deutschland]]mit einer Bevölkerung von[[Einwohner::286.327]].
Semantic MediaWiki
• Neu: Typisierte Links und Attribute
Karlsruhe Deutschland
liegt in286327 Einwohner
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Das Wissen abfragen
• Typische Wiki-Seiten mit manuell gewarteten Informationen
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Das Wissen abfragen
• Alle diese Listen sind automatisierbar– Weniger Wartung– Höhere Konsistenz
• Beispiel: Deutsche Großstädte
{{#ask:[[Kategorie:Stadt]][[liegt in::Deutschland]][[Einwohner::>100.000]]
}}
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Die Wiki-User-Pyramide
Leser
Autoren
Gärtner
Admins
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Semantic Wikis vereinen Vorteile
• Nutzer-getriebenniedere Partizipations-Schwellelight-weight content generationemergente Strukturen
crowd-intelligence• Formale Strukturen
formale schemata (datenbanken)strukturierte Abfragen
Semantik• Vordefinierte Schemata möglich
Formulare (formal aber einfach) Konsistenz
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Beispiele
• semanticweb.org – SW Community• WikiMaas – Stadtwiki Maastricht• Stadtwiki Pforzheim-Enz• LIOWiki – Internes WM bei uns• Wikicompany – Firmendaten• SpieleWiki – Deutsch• ArchiPlanet• Bionik-Wiki• Bible Wiki• BO Wiki (Medizin)• CASE Wiki• Centiare• Chemistry SW• Creative Commons• D-Grid Ontology• Discourse DB• Eureka Science Journal Watch
• Frema2Wiki• Gothic Almanach• Human Cell• iNature• JurisPedia• MathWeb• Meta Math• NeOn Project Wiki• Nomicapolis• Northern Ireland Gov’t Wiki• PhiloWiki• Placeography• Reformed Word• ScubaWiki• Simile• TechPresentations
http://semantic-mediawiki.org/wiki/Sites_using_Semantic_MediaWiki
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Fallstudien
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Corporate Semantic Wikis
• Bayer Crop Science – SAP Dokumentation• T-Systems – Social Network• andere – Enterprise Application Management• andere – Anreicherung bestehender Wikis
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Corporate Semantic Wikis (1)
Corporate Semantic Wikis
Schwach strukturiertTexte + Hyperlinks
Stark strukturiert(Meta-)Daten
VorgegebeneStrukturen
Intranet Datenbanken
Nutzer-getriebeneStrukturen Wikis Semantic Wikis
CorporateSemantic Wiki
Fallstudien
CorporateSemantic Wiki
Fallstudien
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Corporate Semantic Wikis
• Anwendungsfelder– Erweiterung klassischer Corporate Wikis– Verwaltung (semi-)strukturierter Daten/Technische Dokumentation
• Gründe für den Einsatz semantischer Wikis– „Wiki“-Prinzipien: Glossarprinzip, einfache Verlinkung,
„Single-Point-of-Information, web-basiert– Möglichkeit strukturierter Abfragen– Möglichkeit, Eingaben in Form und Semantik einzuschränken
Corporate Semantic Wikis
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Semantische Wikis zur Servicedokumentation
• Probleme– Dokumentation technischer Entwicklungsartefakte
(Prozesse, Services) in heterogenen Werkzeug-und Organisationsumgebungen
– Vermittlung zwischen technischer Sicht und Anwendersicht– „Single-Point-of-Information“ für die Servicedokumentation notwendig
• Lösungen– SemanticUDDI– Ontobrowse Wiki
• Mehrwert semantischer Wikis– Integration heterogener Eingabedaten in das Semantic Wiki
Corporate Semantic Wikis
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
SAP-Feld- Beschreibung- Status- Regeln . . .
SAP-Feld- Beschreibung- Status- Regeln . . .
TabelleTabelle
TransaktionTransaktion
UserUser
gespeichert in
benutzt in
verantwortlich
Domänen-Datenmodell (vereinfacht)Kunde 1
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Domänen-Datenmodell (vereinfacht)Kunde 2
IT-System- Beschreibung- Status- . . .
IT-System- Beschreibung- Status- . . .
VorhabenVorhaben
Prozess- Unternehmens- bereiche
Prozess- Unternehmens- bereiche
Schnittstelle- DatenobjekteSchnittstelle- Datenobjekte
StrategieStrategie
ZielZiel
unterstützt durch*
dient
ergibt sich aus
dient
unterstützt
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Technische Dokumentation– vernetzt mit Strategien und Prozessen
Corporate Semantic Wikis
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Domänen-Datenmodell 2 (vereinfacht)
IT-System- Beschreibung- Status- . . .
IT-System- Beschreibung- Status- . . .
VorhabenVorhaben
Prozess- Unternehmens- bereiche
Prozess- Unternehmens- bereiche
Schnittstelle- DatenobjekteSchnittstelle- Datenobjekte
StrategieStrategie
ZielZiel
unterstützt durch*
dient
ergibt sich aus
dient
unterstützt
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
altes Bestellsystemaltes Bestellsystem
Material-beschaffungs-
prozess
Material-beschaffungs-
prozess
unterstützt durch
selten genutzt
neues Bestellsystemneues Bestellsystemzu ersetzen durch
häufig genutzt
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Multi-Value-Property
Prozess-Unternehmens- bereiche
Prozess-Unternehmens- bereiche
unterstützt durch
System jetztNutzungsgrad jetzt [zahl]
System geplant�
Nutzungsgrad geplant: [zahl]
IT-System-Beschreibung- Status- . . .
IT-System-Beschreibung- Status- . . .
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Multi-Value-Property: Eingabeformular
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Live Demo
© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Fazit, Lessons Learned
• Vereinigung der Vorteile– crowd intelligence– semantik– schemata
• Wenn schon formal, dann auch richtig– Konsistente Verwendung (--> Formulare)
• Herausragende neue Möglichkeiten– integrierte strukturierte Abfragen
• auch durch normale Benutzer• auch um die Ecke• helfen auch bei klassischen Maintenance-Aufgaben
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© 2008 Orientation in Objects GmbHSemantic Web
Linkliste
• http://www.oio.de/jax-2008/semantic-web-zum-anfassen.htm
Orientation in Objects GmbH
Weinheimer Str. 6868309 Mannheim
Version: 1.0
Vielen Dank für IhreAufmerksamkeit !
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Orientation in Objects GmbH
Weinheimer Str. 6868309 Mannheim
Version: 1.0
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