SEMESTER 1 2021/2022

MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM(BFC 32602)

Prof. Dr. Ismail Abdul RahmanTs. Dr. Sasitharan Nagapan

Phone number: 013-4033300 (Dr. Sasi) / 01158854519 (Prof. Ismail)

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M&E Lecture Plan

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Refer & download from AUTHOR

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

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THE IMPORTANCE OF MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL SYSTEM IN BUILDING

Building Function:

• Shelter from Rain, Wind , Snow, Sun and other Harsh conditions of nature.

• Security: Safety

• Comfort: Warmth and light

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THE IMPORTANCE OF MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL SYSTEM IN BUILDING

Modern Building System:

Built to create better, more consistent, more productive environments in which to work and to live.

Building System Features: • lighting • comfortable space temperature• humidity• air quality• convenient power and

communication capability• high quality sanitation• reliable systems for the

protection of life and property.

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THE IMPORTANCE OF MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL SYSTEM IN BUILDING

http://limthianleong.files.wordpress.com/2009/07/20090705-panoramic-kl-18841b.jpg

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Kuala Lumpur in1900

http://i654.photobucket.com/albums/uu270/taurus64/KLStreetSceneEarly60s-1.jpg

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THE IMPORTANCE OF MECHANICAL & ELECTRICAL SYSTEM IN BUILDING

i. Block-type Buildings Without Windows (such as department stores)

> totally dependent on electrical lighting (light source), ventilation, and space conditioning.

ii. High Rise Building

> High rise building rely on high-speed vertical transportation and high pressure water for drinking and cleaning purposes and for protection against fire.

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Building andLocation

Year StoriesHeight

meters / feetChief

Architect

Burj Khalifa (Burj Dubai, or Dubai Tower),Dubai, UAE 2010 162 828 2,717

Skidmore, Owings & Merrill

Makkah Royal Clock Tower Hotel,Mecca, Saudi Arabia 2012 120 601 1,971

Dar Al-Handasah

Busan Lotte World IIBusan S. Korea(proposed)

2015? 110 510.55 1,674Skidmore, Owings and Merrill

Taipei 101 TowerTaipei, Taiwan

2004 101 509 1,670C.Y. Lee & Partner

Shanghai World Financial Center, China 2008 101 492 1,614Kohn Pedersen Fox

International Commerce Centre (ICC), Hong Kong, China

2010 118 4841,587.

9Kohn Pedersen Fox

Petronas Towers 1 & 2, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 1998 88 452 1,483 Cesar Pelli

WORLD'S TALLEST BUILDINGS RANKED

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THE SCOPE OF BUILDING M&E

• Consists of various complex systems• Varies according to; living standards of the society, climatic conditions,

occupancy & quality of the building, etc

•Example; House in a mild climate does not need heating or cooling, Bulk storage does not need heating in winter, hospital need a supply of medical gas, Office building need simple cooling device VS high-rise building needs central

cooling systems.

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http://www.werehatingit.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/08/home-air-conditioning.jpghttp://www.continentalfireplaces.com/images_fireplace_stove_insert/gas

_fireplace_images/CDV36_gas_fireplace.jpg

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http://arcsolar.com/images/inFloorHeat/diagramRadiant2.JPG

http://incrediblehome.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/radiant-heating.jpg

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http://www.olssonassociates.com/our-services/mechanical-electrical/index.htm

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http://www.hbp.usm.my/conservation/Measured%20Drawings/malaysun.jpg

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BUILDING M&E SYSTEMS CLASSIFICATION

Mechanical Systems

• HVAC; (Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning)

• Site utilities; (Water supply, storm water drainage, sanitary disposal, gas supply)

• Plumbing; (Water distribution, water treatment, sanitary facilities)

• Fire protection; (Water supply, stand pipe, fire and smoke detection, automatic sprinklers, annunciation)

• Special systems

Electrical Systems

• Electrical power; (Normal, standby, emergency power supply and distribution)

• Lighting; (Interior, exterior, emergency lighting)

• Auxiliary or support system; (Telephone, signal, data, audio video, fire alarm, security systems)

Building Operation Systems

• Transportation; (Elevators, escalators, walkways)

• Processing; (Production, food service)

• Automation; (Environmental controls, managements,)

• Special systems

Comfortable Living

Proper Ventilation

Building Transportati

on

Lighting System

Water Supply

Acoustic System

Sanitary System

Safety

Standard of Comfortable Living:

British Standard, ASHRAE Standard, Malaysian Standard

Laws and Enforcement:

Uniform Building By Law (1984),

Local Authorities Guidelines,

Technical Department Guidelines.

Comfortable Living

Developing A Building

CONSULTANTS:

ARCHITECT

CIVIL & STRUCTURAL ENGR.

MECH. & ELEC. ENGR.

QUANTITY SURVEYOR

LAND SURVEYOR

LANDSCAPE ARCHITECT

RELATED TECHNICAL DEPARTMENTS:

LOCAL AUTHORITY

PEJABAT TANAH DAN DAERAH (District & LandOffice)

JABATAN KERJA RAYA (Public Works Department)

JABATAN KESIHATAN (Health Department)

JABATAN BOMBA DAN PENYELAMAT MALAYSIA (The Malaysian Fire and Rescue Department )

SYARIKAT AIR JOHOR (Integrated water supply company)

JABATAN PERKHIDMATAN PEMBENTUNGAN (Sewerage Department)

INDAH WATER CONSORTIUM

TENAGA NASIONAL BERHAD (Electrical Supply Company)

JABATAN PARIT DAN SALIRAN (Department of Irrigation and Drainage)

JABATAN ALAM SEKITAR (Department of Environment)

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IMPACT OF BUILDING M&E SYSTEMS

Space Planning

Architectural Design

Construction Cost

Global Environments

High Rise Building Design

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IMPACT ON SPACE PLANNING

Floor Area Required for M&E System:

• Occupancy

• Climatic Condition

• Living Standards

• Quality

• General Architectural Design

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IMPACT ON SPACE PLANNING

The M&E affects; the gross floor area, footprint (size & shape of ground floor), floor to floor height, geometry, architectural expression

Allocations are made during the space programming phase to allow appropriate size and strategic location

Example; Large office buildings: Central

cooling/heating equipment needs extra floor to floor height (22ft~),

Commercial Building: Complex ductwork, HVAC and plumbing needs ceiling cavity (2~3 ft)

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http://suspendedceilingtile.org/images/suspended%20ceiling.jpg

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Tile-lifter-in-use-raised-floor.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beneath-the-raised-floor-0a.jpg

Raised floor

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Impact on Space Planning

* Buildings other than those used for classrooms follow the space

required for specialty buildings such as laboratories, computer centers

and residences.

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Early building design; one room, one window for ventilation and lighting

Modern buildings develops according to the modernization of building M&E systems (common building geometry figures)

Building Height vs Space utilization; 7 storey (75ft ~) buildings are considered high-rise (determined by the reach of firefighters ladder), limit the ability for human to walk up and down stairs > transportation is needed

Height increases = Less usable space on the floor – more floor for stairs, elevators, structural elements, M/E shafts, etc

Impact on Architectural Design

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Basic Building Shapes

Impact on Architectural Design

a) b) c) d) e) f)

a) Linear Rectangularb) L-Shapedc) U-Shapedd) Interior Courtyarde) H-Shapedf) Composite Form

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Impact on Construction Cost

Building Height on Construction Cost

Taller buildings needs more time, hoisting equipment and complicated scheduling to raise M/E materials to upper floors

Buildings more than 10 stories increases 5-15% of cost for the next 5 stories per floor area, 15~ stories increases 10~15%

M&E Systems Vs. Construction Cost

Depends on; the type of building, standard of living, architectural design, the systems selected

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Impact on Operating Cost Includes; energy consumption,

routine maintenance, repairs, replacements and utilities

Building Structural components (except roof) are usually long lasting

M&E vs initial capital investment

Table 1-2: Range of M&E systems costs of buildings

* Buildings other than those used for classrooms follow the space required for specialty buildings such as laboratories, computer centers and residences.

Impact on Construction Cost

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Impact on High Rise Building Design

Space for M&E Equipment

Centralized

Concentrates major equipment and on one or two floors

with smaller on-floor M&E spaces

DecentralizedRequire bigger on-floor M&E spaces

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Impact on Global Environment

MALAYSIAN GREEN BUILDING CONFIDERATION (MGBC)

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BANGUNAN SURUHANJAYA TENAGA (ENERGY COMMISSION’S BUILDING)

GBI RATING PLATINUM

CERTIFICATE NO. GBI-NRNC-0002

CERTIFICATION DATE 21 May 2011

BUILDING CATEGORY Non-Residential New Construction (NRNC)

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End Of Chapter 1