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Semester at Sea, Course Syllabus

Colorado State University, Academic Partner

Semester: Fall 2016

Discipline: Philosophy/Religion

Course Number and Title: PHIL 171 Religions of the West (Section 1)

Course Level: Lower

Faculty Name: Dr. Yael Avrahami

Semester Credit Hours: 3

Prerequisites: None

COURSE DESCRIPTION

The purpose of this course is to introduce students to the three Abrahamic religions. The beliefs,

practices, and sacred writings of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam will be discussed. The course will open

with the notion of the East as the historical birthplace of the west and will include references to some

themes within ancient near eastern religions as well as Greek philosophy. The second part of the course

will discuss the mutual influence and development of the three religions. Both similarities and biases

between them will be discussed. The third part of the course will focus on the ways that the encounter

with other cultures further shaped each of the three religions. Particular attention will be given to shifts in

Judaism and Christianity that resulted from reaching out to the New World.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

By the end of this course, students will be able to:

1. Outline the important figures and historical moments in Judaism, Christianity and Islam.

2. Explain key beliefs and describe the main ritual practices of Judaism, Christianity and Islam.

3. Compare and contrast the belief systems and practices of Judaism, Christianity and Islam.

4. Write about their field experience using terms and theories taught in the classroom and in the

course readings.

5. Discuss diverse religious ideas and practices in an emphatic-objective way.

REQUIRED TEXTBOOKS

1. AUTHOR: J. Brodd, L. Little, B. Nystrom, R. Patzner, R. Shek and E. Stiles

TITLE: Invitation to Western Religions

PUBLISHER: Oxford University Press

ISBN #: 019021127X

DATE/EDITION: 1 edition (September 2, 2015)

It is also advised (but not mandatory) that students will have an e-book of the following:

TITLE: Bible: New Revised Standard Version.

DATE/EDITION: Any e-book version

AUTHOR: M.A.S Abdel Haleem (translator)

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TITLE: The Qur’an (Oxford World’s Classics)

PUBLISHER: Oxford University Press

ISBN: 0199535957

DATE/EDITION: Reissue edition (June 15, 2008)

TOPICAL OUTLINE OF COURSE

Depart Hamburg—September 10

A1—September 12: Why Abrahamic Religions?

Topics:

The genealogy of the Abrahamic traditions

Religion as an aspect of Identity

Sacred texts

“The Sacrifice” or “the the Binding"

Readings:

The Holy Quran: 37:83-113

Bible: Genesis 22.

A2—September 14: The Ancient Near East

Topics:

Religion of the ancient near east

Temple religions

Cosmology

The east as the birthplace of the west

Readings:

C.B. Hays, “Creation Accounts” (pp. 41-74), in: Hidden Riches: A Sourcebook for the Comparative

Study of the Hebrew Bible and Ancient Near East, Westminister John Knox, 2014.

Bible: Genesis 1-3.

No Classes—September 16

A3—September 17: Ancient Greece and Persia

Topics:

Zoroatrianism in the ancient worlds

Philosophical monotheism

Gnosticism

Readings:

“The Teachings of Zoroastrianism” (pp. 91-96, 102-103) in: Invitation to Western Religion (textbook).

L.C. Schneider, “End of the Many: the Roots of Monotheism in Greek Philosophy” (pp. 39-52) in:

Beyond Monotheism: A Theology of Multiplicity, Routledge, 2008.

Piraeus—September 19-23

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A4—September 24: The Basics of Judaism

Topics:

Jewish principles of faith

The Torah (Law)

The Jewish Calendar

Readings:

“The Teachings of Judaism”(pp. 119-128) in: Invitation to Western Religion (textbook).

A. Altmann, “Article of Faith: Maimonides” (Vol2, pp. 529-530) in: Encyclopaedia Judaica2 (Ed. M.

Berenbaum and F. Skolnik), Macmillan Reference, 2007

A.J. Heschel, “A Palace in Time” (pp.12-24) in: The Sabbath, Farrar, Strauss and Giroux, 1951.

Assignment: Inform Instructor about biblical story chosen for independent field assignment

Civitavecchia - September 26-28

Livorno – September 29-30

A5—October 1: The Basics of Christianity

Topics:

The life of Jesus

Paul

Trinity

Dogma

Readings:

“The Teachings of Christianity” (pp. 179-197) in: Invitation to Western Religion (textbook).

Bible: Galatians 4:21-27; 6; Romans 4:9-17; 10:5-13

Barcelona—October 3-7

3 Oct is Muharam (Islam) and Rosh Hashana (Judaism)

A6—October 8: The Basics of Islam

Topics:

Muhammad and the Revelations

The Five Pillars

The Muslim Calendar

Readings:

“Teachings of Islam” (pp. 237-254) in: Invitation to Western Religion (textbook).

The Holy Quran: 19

Casablanca—October 10-14

Field Class —Monday, October 10

Oct12 is Yom Kippur (Jewish)

A7—October 15: Religion as Practice

Topics:

Religious practice: faith, social structure, calendar, life cycle events, daily life.

Similarities and differences of the three traditions

Assignment:

Bring photos and notes for group study following field trip.

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A8—October 17: Islam up to the Middle Ages

Topics:

The spreading of Islam

Denominations: Suni, Shia, Sufism

Theology and political power

Readings:

“The history of Islam” (pp. 254-261), “Varieties of Islam” (pp. 267-269) and “Sufism” (pp. 278-281) in:

Invitation to Western Religion (textbook)

M. Diouf, “The Public Role of the “Good Islam”” (pp. 1-35) in: Tolerance, Democracy, and Sufis in

Senegal, 2013.

A9—October 19: Bible in Africa

Topics:

We will watch: Cheick Oumar Sissoko (director), La Genèse: the Biblical Story of Jacob and Esau, 1999

Indigenous religion

Local interpretation

Colonialism

Orientalism

Readings:

The Bible: Genesis 28-37

Dakar—October 21-24

Special ceremony each Sunday 10:00AM at Keur Moussa Monastery.

A10—October 25: Judaism up to the middle Ages

Topics:

From temple to prayer

Development through negation with Christianity and Islam

the development of Exegesis

Readings:

“The history of Judaism” (pp. 128-140) in: Invitation to Western Religion (textbook).

M.R. Cohen, “Religions in Conflict” (pp. 17-29) in: Under Crescent and Cross: The Jews in the Middle

Ages, Princeton University Press, 1994.

Assignment:

Final date to submit field class paper

A11—October 27: Christianity up to the middle ages

Topics:

The spreading of Christianity

Monasticism

Denominations: Orthodox, Catholic

Theology and political power

Readings:

“The history of Christianity” (pp. 197-205) in: Invitation to Western Religion (textbook)

No Classes—October 28

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A12—October 30: African religion in the New World - Brazil Topics:

We will watch: David Byrne , Ilé Aiyé (the House of Life), 2014.

Syncretism

Post-colonialism

Readings:

“The teachings of Indigenous African religions” (pp. 63-71), “The history of Indigenous African

religions” (pp. 71-75) in: Invitation to Western Religion (textbook).

Salvador—November 1-6

Nov 2 is Dia de Finados (Christianity), Public Holiday

A13—November 7: Christianity – Reformations

Topics:

The Protestant Reformation

The Roman Catholic Reformation

The conceptual links between the “era of discoveries”, humanism and the reformations

Readings:

“The history of Christianity” (pp. 205-2014) in: Invitation to Western Religion (textbook)

Excerpts from: Martin Luther, “On the Freedom of a Christian”

A14—November 9: Midterm Overview

Topics:

Summary of major themes and developments in the Abrahamic traditions

Readings:

We will work as groups using charts from:

H.W. House, Charts of World Religions (charts 20, 22, 29, 31, 33, 41, 43, 45, 50), Zondervan, 2006

A15—November 11: Midterm Exam

Assignment:

Exam: Ideas and history of Judaism, Christianity and Islam

Port of Spain—November 13-14

A16—November 15: Judaism in Latin America

Topics:

Spanish Inquisition and Crypto-Jews

Public and domestic religious practices

Religion, nationality, ethnicity

Diaspora

Readings:

J.L. Jacobs, “Women and the Persistence of Culture” (pp. 42-66), in: Hidden Heritage: The Legacy of

the Crypto-Jews, University of California Press, 2002

J. Lesser and R. Rein, “New Approaches to Ethnicity and Diaspora in 20th Century Latin America” (pp.

23-40) in: Rethinking Jewish Latin Americans, University of New Mexico Press, 2008.

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A17—November 17: Christianity in Latin America I

Topics:

Liberation Theology

Base communities

femisism

Readings:

“Women in Christianity” (pp. 214-218), in: Invitation to Western Religion (textbook)

J. Lynch, “New Worlds: A Religious History of Latin America”, Chapter 12 “Between Liberation and

Tradition,” pp. 344-366.

No Classes—November 18

A18—November 20: Christianity in Latin America II Topics:

Catholicism

Guadalupe the patron

Pentecostal church

Readings:

D.L. Levine, “The Future of Christianity in Latin America” (pp. 121-145), Journal of Latin American

Studies 41/1 (2009).

Roland Flamini, “POPE FRANCIS: Resurrecting Catholicism's Image?” (pp. 25-33), World Affairs, Vol.

176/3 (2013).

Callao—November 22-26

A19—November 27: Contemporary Judaism in North America

Topics:

Progressive Judaism

The Holocaust and its theological impact

Zionism

Readings:

A.-J. Levine, “introduction” (pp.1-16), in: The Misunderstood Jew, HarperCollins, 2006

“The history of Judaism” (pp. 142-152) in: Invitation to Western Religion (textbook)

A20—November 29: Islam in North America

Topics:

Jihad

Islam and the West

Multiculturalism and monotheism

Readings:

“The history of Islam” (pp. 261-272), “Islam as a way of life” (pp. 274-275, 281-285) in: Invitation to

Western Religion (textbook)

Guayaquil—December 1-4

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A21—December 5: Christianity in North America

Topics:

Evolution and creationism

Evangelical Christianity

Religion and economics

Readings:

Excerpts from: M. Weber, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (tr. T. Parsoms ad A.

Giddens), Unwin Hyman, 1930

R.A. Mohler, “The Eclipse of God at Century’s End: Evangelicals Attempt Theology without Theism”

(pp.6-15), Southern Baptist Journal of Theology 1 (1997).

A22—December 7: Secularism – Beyond Evolution

Topics:

Postmodernism

Secularization

Science and religion

We will watch: Jonathan Miller, Atheism: a brief history of disbelief - final episode, 2007

Readings:

J. M. Erickson, “The challenge of postmodernism” (pp. 13-22), in: Postmodernizing the faith:

evangelical responses to the challenge of postmodernism, Baker Academic,1998

Puntarenas—December 9-13

A23—December 14: New Religious movement

Topics:

Religions reactions to modernization and secularization

the search for meaning

Religious interpretation

Readings:

“Alternative Christianities and their offshoots” (pp.298-308) in: Invitation to Western Religion

(textbook)

A24—December 16: Globalization – Christmas as A Study Case

Topics:

Consumer religion: who is Santa?

Social pressure and religion: Christmukkah

Readings:

O. Sandikci and S. Omeraki, “Globalization and Rituals: Does Ramadan Turn Into Christmas?” (pp.

610-615), Advances in Consumer Research 34, 2007

R. Abramitzky, L. Einav, and O. Rigbi, “Is Hanukkah Responsive to Christmas?” (pp.612-630), The

Economic Journal, 120/535, June 2010

Study Day—December 18

A25—December 19; A Day Finals

Assignment:

Brief class presentation and final date for submission of independent field assignment

San Diego—December 22

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Requirements/Methods of Evaluation:

I. Class participation and pop reading quizzes 15%

Class attendance is mandatory (up to 3 absences acceptable).

Participation in class means coming prepared to class, reading and reflecting on the assigned

readings, and actively participating in class discussion.

There will be unannounced quizzes on the readings and/or films from A12 onwards.

A =Excellent B=Good C=Satisfactory D=Poor F=Fail

attending

having read the

assignments

engaging in class

discussions with

reference to the

readings or travel

experiences.

attending

having read the

assignments

rarely engaging in

class discussions.

attending class

engaging in class

discussions

not demonstrating

familiarity with the

content of the reading

attending class

rarely or never

participating in class

discussion

not demonstrating

familiarity with the

content of the reading

Rarely

attending

II. Mid- term exam 45%

One hour exam will be held on Nov 11 (A15) on the topic: Ideas and history of Judaism, Christianity

and Islam. A Review class will be held on Nov 9 (A14).

NOTE: Exam will only be rescheduled in the event of an emergency, and only if the professor is

notified BEFORE the test!

III. Field class and Assignment (20%)

Field Class attendance is mandatory for all students enrolled in this course. Do not book individual

travel plans or a Semester at Sea sponsored trip on the day of your field class. Field Classes constitute

at least 20% of the contact hours for each course, and will be developed and led by the instructor.

The Abrahamic Religions in Casablanca - Monday, Oct 10

We will visit a site of worship for each of the three Abrahamic religions: the Hassan II Mosques, the

Cathedrale Sacre-Coeur, and Temple Beth-El. This will provide an opportunity for comparative

observation of the architecture, symbolism, and worship in each tradition. Students will get a chance to

experience the coexistence of the three traditions in Morocco.

Objectives:

Students should understand the similarities and differences between the three traditions.

Students should become familiarized with major symbols of the three traditions.

Students should come to question the widespread dichotomy between the Judeo-Christian and the Muslim

worlds

Assignment:

During the field class students are asked to take a photo of two religious elements for each religion (total 6

photos). Elements could be anything related to religion: ritual, symbol, drawing, architecture, outfit etc.

while taking photos make sure that you understand the nature of the element you are photographing.

Document the information on spot. Make sure photos are permissible. You can consult the relevant chapter

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in How to Be a Perfect Stranger: The Essential Religious Etiquette Handbook found in the Ship’s library for

more details regarding visiting worship sites and services.

In class, Oct 15 (A7), you will create an online exhibition of the photographs in small groups. Groups will

need to decide on categories and arrangement of exhibition, and assign TWO photos per student to write

his/her paper on. These photos must represent two different religious traditions.

Write a 5-6 page field class paper explaining the two photos, including:

1. Description of the photo – context, meaning, religious category etc.

2. Reflection on the different meanings of these elements for the religious practitioner and for the student.

3. Illustration in some detail (with ample citation) how the experience of or encounter with these two

elements enriched the student’s understanding of some class reading or lecture

4. Explanation of the way history, doctrine, and practice are interrelated through these observed elements

5. Reflects on some observed similarities and differences both across and within the diverse forms of

Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.

Paper will be submitted no later than Oct 27 (A11)

IV. Independent field assignment (20%)

Choose one biblical story in the early stages of the course. Inform Instructor by Sep 24 (A4).

Read the story a few times and write down some questions that arise from the story. Use

The New Oxford Annotated Bible with Apocrypha: New Revised Standard Version (found in ship library) to

better understand the chosen story. Your essay is like a travel blog that focuses on the biblical story that you

chose.

During your field experience, document four visualizations of the story. These visualizations must be

diverse: either found in different continents; in different religious traditions/denominations; or in different

settings such as popular vs. religious culture, wall painting vs. video clip etc. make sure that you document

as much information as possible on these visualizations on spot.

Submit a PPT slide including the title of the story you chose and 4 photos of the 4 visualizations by Dec16

(A24). Template will be given by instructor.

Interpret the four visualizations in a 8-9 pages essay, including:

1. Short description of the story and the main questions

2. For each visualization: a short description

3. For each visualization: how is it similar or different to the biblical text?

4. For each visualization: does it try to answer one of the questions that you raised?

5. For each visualization: Illustration in some detail (with ample citation) how the respective religious

tradition influenced the interpretation of the story.

*it is strongly advised that you write 2-5 as you go, when impressions are fresh and time is still plenty.

6. Compares and contrasts the interpretive choices of the different visualizations.

It is advices

Paper will be submitted no later than Dec 19 (A25)

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METHODS OF EVALUATION / GRADING SCALE

The following Grading Scale is utilized for student evaluation. Pass/Fail is not an option for Semester at

Sea coursework. Note that C-, D+ and D- grades are also not assigned on Semester at Sea in accordance

with the grading system at Colorado State University (the SAS partner institution).

Pluses and minuses are awarded as follows on a 100% scale:

Excellent Good Satisfactory/Poor Failing

97-100%: A+

94-96%: A

90-93%: A-

87-89%: B+

84-86%: B

80-83%: B-

77-79%: C+

70-76%: C

60-69%: D

Less than 60%: F

ATTENDANCE/ENGAGEMENT IN THE ACADEMIC PROGRAM

Attendance in all Semester at Sea classes is mandatory, but it is at the instructor’s discretion to assign a

grade to the participation and attendance requirement.

Students must inform their instructors prior to any unanticipated absence and take the initiative to make up

missed work in a timely fashion. Instructors must make reasonable efforts to enable students to make up

work which must be accomplished under the instructor’s supervision (e.g., examinations, laboratories). In

the event of a conflict in regard to this policy, individuals may appeal using established CSU procedures.

LEARNING ACCOMMODATIONS

Semester at Sea provides academic accommodations for students with diagnosed learning disabilities, in

accordance with ADA guidelines. Students who will need accommodations in a class, should contact ISE to

discuss their individual needs. Any accommodation must be discussed in a timely manner prior to

implementation. A memo from the student’s home institution verifying the accommodations received on

their home campus is required before any accommodation is provided on the ship. Students must submit this

verification of accommodations pre-voyage as soon as possible, but no later than July 19, 2016 to

academic@isevoyages.org.

STUDENT CONDUCT CODE

The foundation of a university is truth and knowledge, each of which relies in a fundamental manner upon

academic integrity and is diminished significantly by academic misconduct. Academic integrity is

conceptualized as doing and taking credit for one’s own work. A pervasive attitude promoting academic

integrity enhances the sense of community and adds value to the educational process. All within the

University are affected by the cooperative commitment to academic integrity. All Semester at Sea courses

adhere to this Academic Integrity Policy and Student Conduct Code.

Depending on the nature of the assignment or exam, the faculty member may require a written declaration

of the following honor pledge: “I have not given, received, or used any unauthorized assistance on this

exam/assignment.”

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You are allowed, even encouraged, to form study groups. However, all work turned in (papers, quizzes,

exams) MUST be your own work. College rules on plagiarism will apply to all of your written work, and

any violation is a serious offense. Plagiarism includes copying another student’s work in any capacity; and

copying an author’s work without proper citation. This latter category includes directly quoting a work

without reference, and inappropriately paraphrasing (simply changing a few words rather than presenting

the thoughts of the author in your own words). Please consult the College Handbook and the instructor if

you are unclear about what constitutes plagiarism. Ignorance of the rules is no excuse. For the first offense,

you will receive a zero for that assignment. Any second offense will be reported to the authorities, a letter

will go into your permanent file, and you will fail the course. No exceptions.

THE ACADEMIC STUDY OR RELIGION

While this course makes no presuppositions about your faith-perspectives, it does insist that the variety of

confessional stances be respected. You are not asked to ‘believe’ all materials presented, but you are expected

to know the theories and to be able to engage them critically.

Primary texts, movies and other documentations are to be respectably yet critically evaluated. RESERVE BOOKS AND FILMS FOR THE LIBRARY

AUTHOR: M. A. S. Abdel Haleem (Tr.)

TITLE: The Qur'an (Oxford World's Classics)

PUBLISHER: Oxford University Press

ISBN #: 0199535957

EDITION: Reissue edition (June 15, 2008)

AUTHOR: H. Wayne House

TITLE: Charts of World Religions

PUBLISHER: Zondervan

ISBN #: 031020495X

EDITION: February 26, 2006

Author: P. Perkins, M.C. Coogan et al

TITLE: The New Oxford Annotated Bible with Apocrypha: New Revised Standard Version

Publisher: Oxford

ISBN:

EITION: 4th edition (March 19, 2010)

DIRECTOR: Cheick Oumar Sissoko

TITLE: La Genèse (the Biblical Story of Jacob and Esau )*

PUBLISHER: New York: Kino International

DATE: 1999 (publication year 2003)

DIRECTOR: David Byrne

TITLE: Ilé Aiyé (the House of Life)

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PUBLISHER: Plexfilm

DATE: 2014

Author: Jonathan Miller

DIRECTOR: Richard Denton

TITLE: Atheism: a brief history of disbelief*

EPISODE: The final hour (3rd

)

PUBLISHER: BBC

DATE: 2007

*Lecturer has a copy

ELECTRONIC COURSE MATERIALS

AUTHOR: Christopher B. Hays

CHAPTER TITLE: Creation Accounts

BOOK TITLE: Hidden Riches: A Sourcebook for the Comparative Study of the Hebrew Bible and Ancient

Near East

DATE: 2014

PAGES: 41-74

AUTHOR: L.C. Schneider

CHAPTER TITLE: End of the Many: the Roots of Monotheism in Greek Philosophy

BOOK TITLE: Beyond Monotheism: A Theology of Multiplicity

DATE: 2008

PAGES: 39-52

AUTHOR: A. Altmann

ARTICLE TITLE: Article of Faith: Maimonides

BOOK TITLE: Encyclopaedia Judaica2

DATE: 2007

VOLUME: II

PAGES: 529-530

AUTHOR: Abraham Joshua Heschel

CHAPTER TITLE: A Palace in Time

BOOK TITLE: The Sabbath

DATE: 1951

PAGES: 12-24

AUTHOR: Mamadou Diouf

ARTICLE/CHAPTER TITLE: The Public Role of the “Good Islam”

BOOK TITLE: Tolerance, Democracy, and Sufis in Senegal

DATE: 2013

PAGES: 1-35

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AUTHOR: M.R. Cohen

CHAPTER: “Religions in Conflict”

BOOK: Under Crescent and Cross: The Jews in the Middle Ages

PAGES: pp. 17-29

YEAR: 1994.

AUTHOR: Martin Luther

ARTICLE TITLE: On the Freedom of a Christian

Available online:http://legacy.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/luther-freedomchristian.asp

AUTHOR: J.L. Jacobs

CHAPTER TITLE: Women and the Persistence of Culture

BOOK TITLE: Hidden Heritage: The Legacy of the Crypto-Jews

DATE: 2002

PAGES: 42-66

AUTHOR: J. Lesser and R. Rein

CHAPTER TITLE: New Approaches to Ethnicity and Diaspora in 20th Century Latin America

BOOK TITLE: Rethinking Jewish Latin Americans

DATE: 2008

PAGES: 23-40

AUTHOR: J. Lynch

CHAPTER TITLE: Between Liberation and Tradition

BOOK TITLE: New World: A Religions History of Latin America

DATE

PAGES: 344-366

AUTHOR: D.L. Levine

ARTICLE TITLE: The Future of Christianity in Latin America

JOURNAL TITLE: Journal of Latin American Studies

ISSUE: 41/1

DATE: 2009

PAGES: 121-145

AUTHOR: R. Flamini

ARTICLE TITLE: POPE FRANCIS: Resurrecting Catholicism's Image?

JOURNAL TITLE: World Affairs

ISSUE: 176/3

DATE: 2013

PAGES: 25-33

AUTHOR: A.-J. Levine

CHAPTER TITLE: introduction

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JOURNAL TITLE: The Misunderstood Jew

DATE: 2006

PAGES: 1-16

AUTHOR: M. Weber

TITLE: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism (tr. T. Parsoms ad A. Giddens)

PUBLISHER: Unwin Hyman

EDITION: 1930

PUBLIC DOMAIN: https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/weber/protestant-ethic

AUTHOR: R. Albert Mohler

CHAPTER TITLE: The Eclipse of God at Century’s End: Evangelicals Attempt Theology Without

Theism

JOURNAL TITLE: Southern Baptist Journal of Theology

DATE: 1997

PAGES: 6-15

ONLINE ACCESS:

http://www.sbts.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/5/2010/02/sbjt_011_spr97_mohler.pdf

AUTHOR: O. Sandikci and S. Omeraki

ARTICLE TITLE: Globalization and Rituals: Does Ramadan Turn Into Christmas?

JOURNAL TITLE: Advances in Consumer Research

DATE: 2007

VOLUME: 34

PAGES: 610-615

ONLINE ACCESS: http://www.acrwebsite.org/volumes/v34/500509_100778_v1.pdf

AUTHORL R. Abramitzky, L. Einav, and O. Rigbi

ARTICLE TITLE: “Is Hanukkah Responsive to Christmas?”

JOURNAL: The Economic Journal

VOLUME: 120/535, June 2010

PAGES: pp.612-630

AUTHOR: J. M. Erickson

CHAPTER TITLE: The Challenge of Postmodernism

BOOK TITLE: Postmodernizing the faith: evangelical responses to the challenge of postmodernism

DATE: 1998

PAGES: 13-22