SEMESTER II

3EC211 COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE [3 1 2 4 1]

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

After successful completion of course, students will be able to:

Describe the structure and functioning of a digital computer, including its overall system

architecture, operating system, and digital components.

Understand the generic principles that underlie the building of a digital computer,

including data representation, digital logic and processor programming.

Apply some fundamental coding schemes.

Present and discuss simple examples of assembly language appropriate for an introductory

course.

SYLLABUS:

CH. NO. CONTENTS HOURS

1. Introduction Basic concepts of computer organization, Stored program model, Classes of

computer architecture, Processor v/s System architecture, Elements of computer

systems, processors, memories, I/Os, disks, buses etc

3

2. Performance measurement in computer architecture

Goals of computer architecture: performance, throughput, latency, power,

cost. Processor, performance v/s system performance, Comparison of

various platforms in terms of performance and efficiency

6

3. Processor Architectures

Internal elements and architecture of processors, Instruction execution,

Instruction set architectures, CISC v/s RISC architectures, Bus architecture,

Multi-Processor architecture, Memories and Caches, Cache coherency,

Pipelining and data path elements

18

4. System and System on Chip architecture

System architecture elements, H/W component selection and datasheet

analysis, Bill of Materials, IP selection and System on Chip integration,

Standard interfaces and I/Os, Analog and Mixed signal element integration.

Reset and clocking elements, Multi-processor system

9

5. Special processor/system architectures

Application specific processors, Packet processing, Microcontrollers,

Network controllers, DSP and Multimedia processors

3

6. Current Architectural survey

An overview of the latest Intel, ARM, TI, SPARC and Power PC

architectures as modern SOC architectural elements

3

LABORATORY WORK (35 Hours):

Tools used during laboratory works: Verilog, Xilinx ISE, DC, Waveform viewer

1. Study and implementation of processor performance using opencores.

2. Study and implementation of performance of open SPARC and ARM / ARC processors

3. Study and implementation of SOC architectures

4. Design of entire one Processor using the tools as Mini Project.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Computer Architecture, A Quantitative approach by D.Patterson and J. Hennessy.

2. Computer Organization by D. Patterson and J.Hennessy.

3. Embedded Core Design with FPGAs, Zainalabedin Navabi.

3EC212 DATA INTERFACES & PROTOCOLS [3 1 2 4 1]

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

After successful completion of course, students will be able to:

Understand the working principles behind key network technologies, such as circuit/packet

switching, reliable data transfer, flow/congestion control, routing, multiple access, etc.,

and key protocols used in modern computer networks, such as 802.11 WiFi, Ethernet,

ARP, IP, TCP, etc.

SYLLABUS:

CH. NO. CONTENTS HOURS

1. Introduction

OSI Revision IP, TCP, UDP, PDP, x. 25.

8

2. Wireless Protocols

High Frequency, short distance: Bluetooth, ZigBee; High frequency,

medium distance: Wife; High frequency, long distance: GSM, 2G,3G,4G,

Wi-MAX, LTE and other proprietary.

10

3. Physical Layer, Data link layer and Transport Layer for all the

protocols

Signal Analysis, Transmission Media: Coaxial Cable, Fiber Optics,

Wireless Transmission, PSTN, Modulation Techniques, Error detection

and correction: Parity, LRC, CRC and Hamming code, Link Layer Control:

Multiple access links, Multiple Access Protocols, ARP, LAN, Ethernet

IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.4, IEEE 802.5, IEEE 802.11, PPP, HDLC. Duties of

transport layer: Reliable Data Transfer protocols, Multiplexing, De-

multiplexing, Sockets, User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Transmission

Control Protocol (TCP), and Congestion Control: Quality of services

(QOS), Integrated Services.

10

4. Serial and Parallel Interface

Basics of interface, ISA, EISA, VESA and other PC bus, RS-232, RS-449,

DB-9,DB-15, DB-25, JTAG, SPI, I2C, CAN, UART, GPIO, JTAG, SATA,

AMBA Buses (APB, AHB, AXI & ASB), USB, PCIe, Memory Interfaces

(DDR, NAND flash etc.).

15

LABORATORY WORK:

Tools used during laboratory works: Verilog, DC, Waveform viewer

1. Study of Protocols and their implementation in Matlab

2. Understanding of OSI and TCP/IP working using Wireshark or Network Simulator.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Behrouz A. Forouzan, “Data communication and Networking”, Tata McGraw-Hill, 2004.

2. James F. Kurose and Keith W. Ross, “Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach

Featuring the Internet”, Pearson Education, 2003.

3. Larry L.Peterson and Peter S. Davie, “Computer Networks”, Harcourt Asia Pvt. Ltd.,

Second Edition.

4. Andrew S. Tanenbaum, “Computer Networks”, PHI, Fourth Edition, 2003.

5. William Stallings, “Data and Computer Communication”, Sixth Edition, Pearson

Education, 2000.

Elective-I & II

3EC215 RTOS, KERNELS AND DEVICE DRIVERS [3 1 2 4 1]

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

On successful completion of this course, student will be able to:

Understand advanced concepts in theory of computer science.

Understand advanced concepts in applications of computer science.

Apply knowledge of advanced computer science to formulate the analyze problems in

computing and solve them.

Learn emerging concepts in theory and applications of computer science.

Design and conduct experiments as well as to analyze and interpret data.

SYLLABUS:

CH. NO. CONTENTS HOURS

1. Introduction

Embedded System Architecture fundamentals, Hardware and Software

abstraction models, Operating Systems fundamentals, Real time OS

overview.

3

2. OS internals and Kernels

Internal components of Operating systems, Study compare and contrast of

various OS platforms, Unix/Linux kernel fundamentals, I/O devices, file

systems and peripheral devices.

9

3. RTOS and Linux Kernels

Study of Real time OS principles and requirements, Application specific

requirements, Throughput and latency requirements, Schedulers, tasks and

processes, Memory management, Code and footprint optimization, Study of

current and emerging RTOS, Real Time linux-Measuring real-time

behavior, The characteristics of a realtimetask , Different ways of

instrumenting code, Features in the Linux kernel for measuring delays and

variability: What happens in overload conditions (when the schedule cannot

be met) Scheduling, processes and threads, Review the difference between

process and threads in Linux.Scheduling policies and priorities for Real

time and Non-Real time tasks: Periodic tasks, Assigning priorities using rate

monotonic analysis

Synchronization between threads: Description of the various mutex types

Linux has to offer and when to use each one, the problem of priority

inversion and priority, Inheritance mutexes, Timers and periodic tasks, a

look at the accuracy of timers, Configuring high resolution timers, Using

POSIX timers: Creating reliable periodic tasks ,Interrupts and kernel,

Preemption, Description of the interrupt model and factors that cause

interrupt jiffer: How kernel pre-emption helps, The problem with kernel

spinlocks, PREEMPT_RT: The Real Time Linux Kernel, Analysis of non-

preemptive sections in Linux (“atomic contexts”), Description of

PREEMTP_RT“real time” Linux patch and how it resolves the problem

15

4. Device drivers

Fundamentals of device drivers, device enumeration and configuration,

Data transfer and management mechanisms, Wired and wireless

connectivity of devices, Power Management and its impact on device

management, Compliance to protocols, Kernel Modules, Character Drivers:

Introduction to Kernel modules and kernel sources, Architecture of device

driver, Anatomy of character device driver, Linux Concepts Using GPIO

Drivers, Linux SPI Driver, Linux I2C Driver, Race conditions and

synchronization methods, Sleeping and wait queues, Interrupt handling,

Deferred functions (softirq, tasklet, workqueue), sysfs, procfs, Device tree

15

LABORATORY WORK (15 hours):

Tools used during laboratory works: Pandaboard, Beagleboard XM, Beagleboard Black :

1. Practical for linux kernel understanding.

2. Practical related to RTOS and Operating Systems.

3. Porting of OS on Texas Instrument boards, debugging of drivers of different boards

4. Architecture and circuit designing of the interfacing board.

5. Study and implementation of kernel modifications.

6. Device driver writing finally for the same.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Cracking the code Programming for embedded systems by Dreamtech Software Team.

2. Embedded Linux®: Hardware, Software, and Interfacing by Craig Hollabaugh.

3. Embedded Linux system design and development by P.Raghavan, Amol Lad, Sriram

Neelakandan.

4. Embedded Linux by John Lombardo.

5. Linux Device Drivers, 3rd Edition by Greg Kroah-Hartman.

6. Understanding the Linux Kernel, Third Edition by Daniel P. Bovet.

7. Linux for Embedded and Real-time Applications, Third Edition (Embedded Technology) by

Doug Abbott.

8. ARM System Developer's Guide: Designing and Optimizing System Software Design) by

Andrew Sloss.

3EC216 VERIFICATION TECHNIQUES [3 1 2 4 1]

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

After successful completion of the course, students will be able to:

Understand the need of testing also able to identify the different characteristics of

verification, validation, testing and diagnosis in context of VLSI

Effectively use the different verification types like formal verification, functional

verification

Effectively use various verification tools like simulator, emulator, hardware modeler,

hardware verification language etc.

Choose the effective abstraction level of testing for given application

Analyze the various fault at structural/functional level and models like stuck-at, transistor-

short/open, delay, IDDQ

Effectively use the automatic test equipment and automatic test pattern generator

Add DFT and BIST techniques in given design

SYLLABUS:

CH. NO. CONTENTS HOURS

1. Advanced Verification using Verilog

Overview of Verilog, Verilog for Verification, Tasks and function, Delay,

race condition, File

I/O operation, TB Construct, Sample self-checking TB

2

2. Way of Functional Verification(HDL and HVL)

Use and importance of OOP concepts, OOP Basics, Classes, objects-

handles, Polymorphism,

Inheritance, examples

3

3. Introduction to System Verilog

New data types, Tasks and functions, interface, Clocking blocks, Threads

and virtual interfaces: fork_join_xxx, event control, mailbox, semaphore,

virtual interface, transactors Callbacks: Class, building reusable

transactors, inserting callbacks, registering callbacks DPI, Functional

Coverage: Coverage model, cover-points, cross coverage, regression

testing.

5

4. Advance Verification

Environment configuration, Reference model, predictor logic, scenario

generation, test cases: random, directed and corner cases, Verification

Methodology: Define methodology, benefits, reusability, Overview of

OVM, VMM, UVM, Introduction to VMM: VMM layered architecture,

messages, utilities, VMM env, Atomic and scenario generators, VMM

Channel, Callbacks, test cases, VMM tutorial, Introduction to UVM: UVM

architecture, report utilities, OVM transaction, sequences, configuration

8

5. Verification Planning and Management

Verification plan, Test bench architecture, Coverage model, tracking

simulation process, Building regression suite, test suite optimization,

Verification IP, Components of BFM and its architecture, Coding style of

VIP, Modelling and example view

8

6. Types of Verification

Formal Verification: introduction to formal verification, degrees of

abstraction, formal activity (equivalence check, static property, semi-

formal), Formal verification technologies (Binary decision, symbolic model

etc.), Advantage and limitation of Formal verification, bugs v/s correctness

8

7. Pilot Project: Theory

Overview of DUT/Block/SoC, Project specification analysis(Reading

specs), defining verification plan, Creating test bench architecture,

Implementing transactors, generators, driver, receiver, scoreboard,

Implementing coverage model ,Building top level environment ,Defining

directed, random, weighted random test cases, Building regression suite,

generating functional coverage and code coverage reports.

8

LABORATORY WORK (35 Hours) :

1. Working on various exercise for System Verilog and UVM

2. Designing a project using entire VIP creation.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. J. Bergeron, E. Cerny, A. Hunter and A. Nightingale, VerificationMethodology Manual

for SystemVerilog, Springer, 2005.

2. J. Bergeron, Writing Testbenches using SystemVerilog, Springer, 2006.

3. H.D. Foster, A.C. Krolnik and D.J. Lacey, Assertion-Based Design, Springer, 2004.

4. J.M. Lee, Verilog® Quickstart - A Practical Guide to Simulation and Synthesis in Verilog,

Springer, 2005.

5. C. Spear, SystemVerilog for Verification- A Guide to Learning the Testbench Language

Features, Springer, 2006.

6. S. Sutherland, S. Davidmann and P. Flake, SystemVerilog for Design - A Guide to Using

SystemVerilog for Hardware Design and Modeling, Springer, 2006.

7. S. Sutherland and D. Mills, Verilog and SystemVerilog Gotchas - 101 Common Coding

Errors and How to Avoid Them, Springer, 2007.

8. S. Vijayaraghavan and M. Ramanathan, A Practical Guide for System Verilog Assertions,

Springer, 2005.

3EC217 NETWORK PROGRAMMING [3 1 2 4 1]

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

After successful completion of the course, students will be able to apply knowledge of

different protocol in the field of networking.

SYLLABUS

CH. NO. CONTENTS HOURS

1. Socket Programming, Working on Client Server Model, Basic

Understanding of Networks, Practical working for TCP/IP ,Practical

working for DHCP , Details of Routing protocols in control plane , Details

of Routing protocols in data plane , Working for IGP, RIP protocol,

Working for OSPF protocol for 2 and 3 version , Working of Telnet ,

Working of FTP , Working of SNMP , Learning for EGP and BGP

protocols , Basic working on IPSec, Learning for AAA - Radius and

Diameter , Working on Firewalls

42

LABORATORY WORK (35 Hours):

Study and Implementation on various exercises for above modules on Linux.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Unix Network Programming: The Sockets Networking Api - Volume 1; Stevens W.

Richard, Fenner Bill, Rudoff M. Andrew.

2. Unix Network Programming: Interprocess Communications (Volume - 2) 2nd Edition;

Stevens W. Richard.

3EC218 EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN & ARCHITECTURE [3 1 2 4 1]

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

After successful completion of the course, students will be able to study standard and

emerging development kit platforms for application development. A project of reasonable

complexity must be completed on an embedded system platform. The focus of the course

is not on lecture, but a study of a real system and application development using its

resources.

SYLLABUS:

CH. NO. CONTENTS HOURS

1. Introduction

Embedded System Architecture fundamentals, Hardware and Software

abstraction models, Types of embedded systems

3

2. Embedded System platforms and components

Use of development boards, Use of compilers, debuggers, tracers and

prototype mechanisms. Prototyping using Cypress PSOC kits, Application

development components sensors, control and status components, data

acquisition methods and components. Data formats raw, processed and

encrypted.

21

3. Architectural constraints and optimization

Use of minimal resources, Throughput, latency, energy and memory

optimization

6

4. Application classes and segments

Industrial, Automotive, mobile, set top box, appliances and weapon

systems.

10

LABORATORY WORK (35 hours) :

Tools used during laboratory works: Keil, Cypress PSoC, Actel, Altera, Xilinx boards

1. Study and implementation of compilers and debuggers

2. Study and implementation of applications on various platforms

REFERENCE BOOKS

1. Product documentation from ARM (KEIL), Cypress, Altera, Actel.

2. Bus Specifications – PCI, PCIe, SCSI, IDE, USB, 802.11x, SATA.

3. Standards specifications – JPEG, MPEG etc. as required by project.

4. Instructors may recommend additional textbooks or reference material – the subject

CONTENTS is rapidly changing and an up to date text book at the time of the class may

be recommended.

3EC219 HARDWARE BOARD DESIGNING WITH PCB DESIGNING

[3 1 2 4 1]

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

After successful completion of the course, students will be able to design and develop the

different types of digital and analog circuit in PCB design tools.

SYLLABUS:

CH. NO. CONTENTS HOURS

1. Fundamentals of electronics with importance Properties and types

of Resistors, Capacitors, Inductors and crystals, Properties and types

of active components, Linear Circuits, Digital Circuits,

Understanding behavior of real components.

2

2. Introduction of Hardware design and Embedded Product

Process, Flow of designing a product, Steps, Responsibilities,

Outcomes

2

3. Product Architecture & Specifications. Major Component

selection

Product Definition to Schematic Design Process.

3

4. Board Designing Overview and Basics

Process Flow,Steps,Tools used,Fundamental Requirements

2

5. Interpreting Datasheets and How to select components in Board

Design flow from B.O.M perspective

Understanding the online Support for selecting components, Discrete

component datasheets,Specifications,Interpretation and related

examples.

2

6. Basic Information on different protocols.(UART,Ethernet,USB,

HDMI,LCD,I2C,SPI, SATA)

Background, Architecture, Mechanical and Electrical Characteristics

of all mentioned topics.

3

7. LT Spice Tool-Simulation of the circuit

Features,Circuit Design and Parameters, and related examples.

3

8. Fabrication Facts DFM,DFT

Terms and Definitions,DFM + DFT,Files and checklist,Relative

Package and Files.

3

9. Power supply design and Do's / Don'ts with practical approach

Types of Power supply & its importance,Importance of each

components,Example and Design own power supply.

3

10. High Speed Design Basic

High-speed design fundamentals,Mutual inductance and mutual

capacitance,High speed properties of logic gates,Measurement

3

techniques of high speed signals using Oscilloscope,Cross talk in

measurement of high speed signals.

11. Basic Board Bring up and Testing overview with soldering

fundamentals

Including Practical overview with HW if possible.

3

12. Basics of Transmission line

Fundamentals,Parameters,Types of terminators,Series and Parallel

Termination,Terminator resistor selection and cross-talk,Features of

Digital Oscilloscope.

3

13. Emulation

Significance of Emulation,Different approaches to

Emulation,Difference between Prototyping and Emulation,Emulation

methodology – Planning, Execution, Debugging.

3

14. Electro Static Discharge – Basics

Problem, Prevention and Control,EMI,EMC

7

Prepare a project related to HW design (3 hours):

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. Complete PCB Design Using OrCad Capture and Layout by Kraig Mitzner Publisher Newnes .

3EC220 ADVANCED VLSI DESIGN [3 1 2 4 1]

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

After successful completion of the course, students will be able to develop basic IC

development steps, their net list to GDSII flow using SYNOPSYS tools.

SYLLABUS:

CH. NO. CONTENTS HOURS

1. Introduction

Concept of IC, IC structure, components, applications, History and

evolution of the IC industry.Moore’s Law.Performance (speed, power,

function, flexibility), Die size (cost of die), Design time (cost of engineering

and schedule), Testability and ease of testing (cost of engineering and

schedule), Trade-off among the design parameters, The design trends and

perspectives of IC manufacturing (complexity, transistor count, die size,

frequency, power dissipation, power density), Technology scaling.

3

2. Levels of IC design

System level Design. Top down design.Bottom up design. Back end design.

Design abstraction levels. Behavior Level.Register-Transfer Level

(RTL).Logic Level.Circuit Level.Component level.Examples of Domains

and its Abstraction Levels.

3

3. Design Flow

Problem specification.Architecture definition. Simulate and compare-

modify architecture definition. Logic design. Simulate and compare-modify

logic design. Circuit Design. Simulate and compare-modify circuit design.

Layout design. Extract simulate and compare-modify layout design.

Fabrication.Ideal design flow: problem specification, compiling for

behavioral description, behavioral description, compiling for structural

description, structural description, compiling for physical description,

physical description, fabrication. Need for testing, manufacturing tests,

design for test, chip-level test, system-level test. More advanced design

flow. IP based design. Hardware components.IP cores. IP cores types.

Reusability.Providers of IP cores.IP market. Platform based design. System

on chip(SOC). Generic Soc model. SOC platforms. Platform architecture.

Platform based SoC design.

4

4. Net list to GDSII flow

Complete tapeout flow starting with functionally verified RTL. Synthesis

and optimization.Behavioral synthesis. Scan insertion and stitch. Placement,

Routing, Clock tree synthesis. Post route optimization. RC extraction and

timing analysis. Design rule checks and LVS. Signoff process.

20

5. Testability and Design for Test

Define design for testability, challenges of DFT, Testability

requirement, types of faults, fault models, methods, test pattern

6

generation (TPG), Types of TPG, Scan, Boundary test, ATE and

coverage.

6. Post Tapeout flow

Mask generation, OPC and fabrication process.

6

LABORATORY WORK (35 Hours) :

Tools used during laboratory works: DC Expert, DC Ultra, DFT Compiler, Physical

Compiler/ICC, Power Compiler, Star-RCXT, Hercules, PrimeTime.

1. Study and implementation of DC Expert tool .

2. Study and implementation of DC Ultra tool .

3. Study and implementation of Physical Compiler (or ICC) tool .

4. Study and implementation of Power Compiler and DFT compiler tool .

5. Study and implementation of Star-RCXT and Hercules tools .

6. Study and implementation of PrimeTime tool .

COURSE PROJECT:

A project of suitable complexity, comprising of complete netlist to GDSII flow must be

completed in approximately 25 hours.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. J.P. Uyenmura. Introduction to VLSI Circuits and Systems, J.Wiley& Sons, 2002.

2. J.M. Rabaey, A. Chandrakasan, B. Nikolic. Digital Integrated Circuits - A Design Perspective,

Prentice Hall, 2003.

3. J.P. Uyenmura. Modern VLSI Design – System-on-Chip Design, Prentice-Hall, 2002.

4. D.A. Pucknell and K. Eshraghian. Basic VLSI Design, Systems and Circuits, Prentice-Hall,

1994.

5. W. Wayne. Modern VLSI Design: A Systems Approach, Prentice-Hall, 1994.

6. K. Martin. Digital Integrated Circuit Design, Oxford University Press, 2000.

7. J.F. Wakerly. Digital Design - Principles & Practices, Prentice Hall, 2001.

3EC213 SYSTEM LEVEL DESIGN LAB [0 0 2 0 1]

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

After successful completion of the course, students will be able to design and develop the

different types of digital and analog circuit module in PCB design tool.

COURSE PROJECT:

Students to create a system level design using any of the tools, languages and technology

available in the lab.

REFERENCE BOOK:

1. Uwe Meyer-Baese, “Digital Signal Processingwith Field ProgrammableGate Arrays”,

3rd Edition.

3EC214 MINI PROJECT- II [0 0 4 0 2]

NOTE:

Students have to carry out the project under the guidance of faculty member using the knowledge

of subjects that he/she has learned in semester. Students have to submit project report withcode at

the end of the semester.