seminar engineering

vkyfief; tawG@t=uHK ESD;aESmzvS,fyJGDate: 25th August 2007Time: 6pmLocation: Peninsula Plaza

#06-34, 6th story, TMC Education Group

Speakers1. Consumer Electronic

Kyin Shein TCL Thomson Electronics

2. CP5 (Code of Practice) San San Mya Rotary Engineering

3. Silicon Industry- Ma Myo Myat Thi

Chartered Semiconductor

MingalarOnline.com

Date: 25th August 2007 6pm @ Peninsula Plaza Location: #06-34, 6th story, TMC Education Group

Confirmed speakers1. Consumer Electronic

- U Kyin Shein , TCL Thomson Electronics 2. CP5 (Code of Practise) for Building Electrical Engineering

- Daw San San Mya , Rotary Engineering3. Semiconductor Silicon Industry

- Ma Myo Myat Thi , Chartered Semiconductor

Each presentation will take about 15 ~ 20mins. Material will beavailable for attendants.

******************************

Contacts: Yu Khin 98250639, Nyi Nyi Win 96633035, San San Mya 81803739, Zaw Aung 91479275, Phone Naing 91014794, Su Myat Aye 81185590

vkyfief; tawG@t=uHK ESD;aESmzvS,fyJG

Registration Website: http://www.mingalaronline.net/seminar.htm Organizer: Ellis 94356554

Objective of Job Presentation1. Knowledge sharing and friendship building among Burmese Engineers2. Job market opportunities / status for Burmese Engineers (targeted to young engineers)3. Depending on response, continue to organize such activities from time to time

Brief bio: of speakers

Kyin Shein, U: He worked for Burma Broadcasting Service (BBS), Yangon until 1988. He studied in Germany as BBS scholar, came to Singapore in 1989 and 15 years experience in Thomson (Singapore). He completed B.E. (Electronics) in 1978, D.A.C in 1988 and M.Sc. (CE) from NTU in 1998.

San San Mya, Daw:. She gradauated from RIT in 1972 Electrical Power and joined Myanmar Electric Power Enterprise. She resigned from MEPE in 1990 and migrated to Singapore since then. She has experience working in Commercial, Residential, Industrial, Roads and rail networks and presently working in Oil and Gas construction. She is a Member of Institute of Electrical Engineers U.K. and achieved Professional Associate Title award in Power Systems from Parsons Brinckerhoff Inc New York.

Myo Myat Thi, Ma: She worked for DAEWOO Yangon. Came to Singapore in 1995 and

worked for Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing. She completed B.E. (Electronice) in 1992 and M.Sc. (Microelectronics) from NUS (2000). Ma Myo Myat Thi will present “how Silicon wafer fab process to IC chip which is used in all digital/electrical items.

Engineering Job Seminar

Index (rmwdum)Page

1. Consumer Presentation – Kyin Shein 1 2. Code of Practice 5 for Electrical – San San Mya 8 3. Wafer Fabrication – Myo Myat Thi 29

Other Information4. Wikipedia dictionary (Electronic Industry) 36 5. CP5 Internet Information (ITE course, EI ..) 39 6. Semiconductor Article (In Burmese) 43-55 7. Contact Singapore information website 568. Education Articles (Mingalar Internet) 57-689. Singapore Salary Guide 2007 69 10. Expat in Singapore (Article from Straits Times) 84 11. Seven Habits (Book Reference – In Burmese) 87 12. Sponsor Group and Companies 92 - 93

Total 93 pages

Date:25th Aug-20076 to 7pm

Location:TMC Education Group#06-34Peninsula Plaza

Consumer Electronics

• Then• Now• Future

Consumer Electronics – Kyin Shein (25-Aug-2007) Page - 1

Then

Job opportunities in CE field:• R & D• Manufacturing • Customer Service• Semiconductor (CE related)


1

R & D

• Development Engineer (HW & SW)• Quality Engineer (Performance, Reliability, Safety &

Agency, EMC, etc..)


Development

• Hardware (power supply, tuner, signal processing, display, etc..)

• Software (user-interface, functional control, signal controls, alignments, etc..)

• Equipment support


2

Design Quality

• Functional (HW & SW) & performance• Reliability (extreme temperature, stress tests,

ruggedness tests, etc..)• Safety & Agency (UL, VDE, PSB, etc..)• EMC (Emission, Immunity / Susceptibility)


Manufacturing

• Own manufacturing plants for major companies• Test Engineer • Quality Engineer• Manufacturing Engineer• Equipment Engineer


3

Customer Support

• Own Service Centre for major brands• Service Engineer


Semiconductor (CE)

• Almost all major CE companies have their own semiconductor departments

• Application / Technical Support Engineer


4

Now

• R & D (high-end, new technology based products such as High Definition TVs, STBs, DVR/PVRs, DVD/Media Players, etc.. )

• Manufacturing (contract manufacturing)• Customer Service (outsourcing)• Semiconductor (CE) Industry (Application / Technical

Support Engineer)


Future

• GOK• R & D (new technology, language barrier, traveling

restrictions,..)• Manufacturing (contract manufacturing – high-end / less

labour-intensive products)• Customer Service (shared services)• Semiconductor (CE) industry (new specialized chips for

newly emerged technologies, e.g. DVB-T/S, ATSC,..)


5

Advice

• Know the system (old / new) well• Improve your language skill (both spoken & written)• Communication skill• Update yourself with fast changing market and

technologies• Positive attitude


Q & A


6

Thank You!

Kyin SheinManager, Design Quality AssuranceSingapore R & D Lab

TTE CORPORATIONTCL Thomson Electronics Singapore Pte Ltd8 Jurong Town Hall Road #28-01/06The JTC SummitSINGAPORE 609434Tel: 65 6309 2962E-mail: [email protected]


1. Ship Building & Repair Industry2. Industrial and Building Construction3. Semiconductor Related Factory4. Consumer Electronic companies5. Aircon and Mechnical Fabrication Industry6. Petro-Chemical and Refinary companies7. Medical equipment company8. Instrumentation & control companies9. Security Industry10. Information Technology – for all companies… so on

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7

Singapore Code Of Practice :

CP 5

ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS

Code of Practice 5 – San San Mya (25-Aug-2007) Page-1

CP 5

1.0 WHAT IS CP5?

2.0 WHY WE ALL NEED TO STUDY CP5?

3.0 IS THIS RELATED TO ALL KINDS OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS.?

4.0 HOW DOES IT RELATED TO INTERNATIONAL CODE OF PRACTICES SUCH AS IEC, NEC, CENELEC, EU CODES


8

CP5• CP5 is a code of Practice and recommendation

Guide lines for all Electrical engineers who wish to practice in Singapore as as Electrical Engineer

• CP5 guide lines are tailored made for most of the Electrical Installation with the exception of some type of installations.

• In certain cases the installation needs to refer to some other supplemental codes such as other CP codes, local authority requirement, other BS standards etc.or clients requirement.


CP 5The following scope are excluded from CP5

Transmissions, Distribution of energy to Public and Power Generation

Railway Traction Equipment , rolling stock & signalling equipment.

Electrical equipment of motor vehicles

On board Vessels, Air craft

Equipment of Mobile and fixed off shore installation

Installations at mines and queries

Installation of Radio Interference suppression equipment

Lightning Protection code governed by CP33

Installation of Lifts and escalators governed by CP1 & 2


9

CP 5• CP 5 is localized version referred to BS 7671 “

Requirements for electrical installations. IEE Wiring Regulations. Sixteenth edition”

• BS 7671 16th. Edition is published in 2000 years and it was harmonized with IEC 60364 and CENELC standards.

• When refer to US standards there are differences due to different concept of electrical system


CP5

• CP5 Apply to all Installations fed at voltages included in the category of Extra Low Voltages and Low Voltages.

• Extra Low Voltages : Voltage not exceeding 50V AC or 120V DC.

• Low Voltages : Greater than Extra Low Voltage but lower than or up to 1kV AC or 1.5kV DC


10

CP5

CP5 mainly pay attention to protect: -

(i) Human Being

(ii) Property

(iii) Live stock in locations intended for them against hazards arising from the use of Electricity or Electrical Installation.


CP5CP5 prescribed requirements are in related

with:-

Electric Shocks

Fire

Burns

Injury from electrically operated mechanical equipment.


11

CP5 Flow Chart of the Electrical Installation

Conceptual

DesignDetail

Design

Equipment

Selection

Purchasing

OrderingInstallationTesting

Commissioning

Each and every stages it is required to follow guidance of CP5


CP 5Typical Example Single Line Diagram


12

CP 5

CP5 dominates from concept design, detailed design, selection of equipment such as Transformers, Power Cables Breakers, protection and Earthing Cables, installation of these equipments and finally to Test and commissioning .


CP5EQUIPMENT SELECTION

POWER -CABLES SELECTION/SIZING

The sizing and selection of Power Cable is considered to be one of the most important item in Electrical Installation. Cable selection Criteria :-

(i) Power Supply rated Voltage

(ii) Load Current versus Cable Rated Current carrying capacity and their correction values.

(iii) Voltage Drop constraints ( overall Volt Drop from the source to users shall not be greater than 4%).

(iv) Cable withstand prospective short circuit current


13

CP5Correction Factors to be considered in cable selection.The following formula applies for cable correction

factorsC = Cg x Ct x Ci

• C :- Total Correction factor• Cg :- Group Correction factor due to cable

installation methods• Ct :Temperature correction factor• Ci: Correction factors due to thermal Insulation


CP5

Volt drop calculation

• The cable resistance and reactance parameters for various type of cable with various method of installation are tabulated in CP5 for the use of calculation of Cable Volt drops value.

• The unit is in mV/A/m

• For some cables parameters are not available refer to vendors data.


14

CP5• The formulae of Volt drop calculation:-• VD = In*L* (TVDrCosΦ + TVDxSinΦ)

• OR• VD = √3*(In*L* (RCosΦ + X SinΦ)• In : Load Current after correction factor• L : Length of the cable run• TVDr and TVDx are the tabulated Volt drop from

CP5 Tables, • Φ : power factor


CP5

The selection of Cables also link to the circuit protection device and its operating time. The circuit protection devices are;-

o Air Circuit Breaker(ACB),o Moulded Case Circuit Breaker(MCCB) o Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB),o Earth fault relay, Earth Leakage relayso and residual circuit protective devices (RCCB)


15

CP5Selection of Circuit Protective Devices ( Circuit

Breakers)

Circuit breakers are to be provided for each electric circuit for automatic interruption of supply in the event of over current and electrical fault occurred.

Circuit breakers should work as a means of protecting for human life , cables and the equipment connected to the electric circuit


CP5A Circuit Breaker, a mechanical switching device should fulfill the following specificationsCapable of being safely closed in any load current or fault current within the making capacity of the deviceCapable of being safely open any current up to its breaking capacityCapable of automatic interruption when abnormal current flows.Capable of being carry continuous current up to its rated capacity


16

CP5

EARTHINGWhat is Earthing?

Those countries practice under BS codes, EU codes IEC , used as “Earthing” and in US, Japan and Taiwan called as “Ground” as specified in US National codes.Earth is a huge vast natural conductor which can be considered as reference or zero potential.All human being, live parts are in connection with the earth ( ground)Any Metal parts which being charged with respect to earth can cause a hazard called “ electric shock”, if touched by human body Page-19

CP5

The Process of Earthing & EquipotentialBonding:-

Link all metal part via earth conductor or earth cables, except the LIVE conductor, so that there is no excessive potential differences between metal parts or metal parts to earth.


17

CP5

The advantages of EarthingThe practice of Earthing is widespread but not many countries in the world use it.Supply system neutral is at nearly zero volts to earth Thus the phase conductor to earth differs 240VoltsSince the metal works are all linked and earth the fault current shall be easily detected by the protective device though the phase conductor broken and fault appears

Page-21

CP5

The disadvantages of Earthing

It is too costly to provide the completeEarthing system

There are arguments that the indirect contact electric shock may give possible safety hazards


18

CP5

Type of Earthing system

There are three types of Earthing System

TT system

TN_S system

TN-C-S system


CP5

Electrical Earthing TT System

Page-24

19

CP5

Electrical Earthing : TN-S System

Page-25

CP5

Electrical Earthing : TN-C-S System

Page-26

20

CP5

• CP5 has prescribed clearly “Other earthingsystem differs from TT system and TN-S system shall not be allowed in Republic of Singapore”


CP5

• TN-S System require separate Neutral conductor and Circuit Protective Conductor (CPC). CPC is well known as a Earth cable

• TT system . No separate CPC is required to provide. But All exposed conductive parts of an installation are connected to an earth electrode, which is electrically independent of source of earth

Page-28

21

CP5

• Sizing of CPC ( Earth Cables) if TN-S system is to be used.

S= √I2T/K• S = nominal cross section of the cable in mm2

• I = The value in Amperes Earth Fault Current

• T = the operating time of the disconnecting device in secs

• K = Thermal coefficient values of the cables

Page-29

CP 5 Minimum Cross Section of Protective Conductor in relation with the main conductorCross Sectional area of Phase Conductor in mm2

S

Minimum cross sectional area of the corresponding protective conductor (CPC) in mm2

If the CPC is same material as phase Conductor

If CPC is not the same material as Phase conductor

S<= 16 S k2/k1 *S

16<S<35 16 k2/k1 *16

S> 35 S/2 k2/k1*S/2

Page-30

22

CP 5Equipotential Bonding

Both TT or TN_S system , the main eqipotentialconductors shall be connected to main earthingterminals as well as to the following:-

(i) Water service Pipes

(ii) Gas Installation Pipes,

(iii) other service pipes and ducting

(iv) Central Heating and Air-conditioning,

(v) Exposed mettalic structure parts of the structure building


CP 5

Risk of spread of FireCables trays trunkings etc installations shall not break or reduced the building fire compartmentAll penetrations shall be provided with the proper sealant of fire barriersProper marking shall be provided for verification during the maintenance


23

CP 5• Proximity to Electrical Services• Two different voltage circuits are not allowed to

run in one trunking or tray• Low voltage circuit shall be separated from extra

low voltage cables• Two category circuits cables are not allowed to

run in one conduits or one tray unless it is effectively partitioned

• Cables in relation with Fire systems, emergency systems PA systems Telecomm systems shall be segregated from low voltage cables.

Page-33

CP 5

Emergency Supply or Standby system

Source of safety services shall be:-

Primary Cells or Cells ( Now in many places used as UPS and battery)

Storage Battery

Generator


24

CP 5

Source of safety services under Fire conditions.

All equipment either by construction or by erection with protection, providing with fire resistance materials of adequate durations.


CP 5

Special InstallationsDetails guide line are written for the special

installation and method of bonding of :-o Suanao Swimming Poolo Bath Tubo Shower BasinThe reasons are for the life safety and to prevent

from the electric shock occurred from direct contact and indirect contact

Page-36

25

CP 5

Inspection Testing and commissioningo CP5 has guided the methodology of Inspection

whether the Installation has full fill the safety requirement

o Insulation Tests Earthing Tests o Protection for separation of circuitso Phase Polarity Tests


CP 5

Maintenance and Periodic Inspection

o In order to protect the live stock from electrical shock and burns periodic inspection shall be carried out regularly


26

CP 5

Summary findings from CP 5It is a guide line for all of us to follow in Electrical Installation to prevent from:-Safety of persons and live stock against the electric shock, burns and fireProtecting the property and equipment from fire and hazards


CP 5

• The code is a guide line only. • To follow the guide lines the users should

have a certain knowledge in Electrical Installation and also to digest the concept design basis of its own work.

• The code even specified all Electrical Installation should be supervised by License Electrical Worker

Page-40

27

CP 5

SAFETY FIRST,

SAFETY SHOULD NEVER BE COMPROMISED

&

ALWAYS PRACTICE YOURSELF TO BE A SAFE PERSON


CP 5

THANK YOU


28

Wafer FabricationWafer Fabrication

Myo Myat ThiMyo Myat Thi

TopicsTopics

1.1. Wafer Fabrication Process StepsWafer Fabrication Process Steps

2.2. Key ModulesKey Modules

3.3. Career AdviceCareer Advice

Myo Myat Thi , 25-Aug-2007 Page - 1 29

IC ProcessingIC Processing

Silicon Ingot

Raw Wafer

Wafer Fabrication

Die Assembly

IC chips

Wafer Fab : Class “1”Clean Room Environment

(less than 1 particle larger than 0.5 microns in size per cubic foot of air)

Tight Temperature & Humidity Control

Myo Myat Thi , 25-Aug-2007 Page - 2

CMOS IllustrationsCMOS Illustrations

Plan ViewPlan View

XX--sectional Viewsectional View

SchematicSchematic

P

N

Gate

Source

Drain

Drain

P

N

Gate

Source

Drain

Drain

We are here!!We are here!!


Key Process StepsKey Process Steps1. Transistor Formation ( Well/Isolation/Gate/Source/Drain/ Contact)

2. Metallization (Multiple layers of Interconnect)

3. Passivation (Prevent processed wafer from moisture and scratches)

Met 1

Met 2

Met 3

Met 4

Met 5

Met 6

Gox 38Å(El.) 0.11μm 0.10μm0.32μm

Poly 2kÅSiN 500Å

ILD 6.5kÅ CoSi 400Å

IMD1 9.0kÅ

IMD2 9.0kÅ

IMD3 9.0kÅ

IMD4 9.0kÅ

IMD5 9.0kÅ

HDP 8.0kÅ

SiN 3.0kÅ

6.9kÅ

5.4kÅ

5.4kÅ

5.4kÅ

5.4kÅ

5.4kÅ Met 1

Met 2

Met 3

Met 4

Met 5

Met 6

Gox 38Å(El.) 0.11μm 0.10μm0.32μm

Poly 2kÅSiN 500Å

ILD 6.5kÅ CoSi 400Å

IMD1 9.0kÅ

IMD2 9.0kÅ

IMD3 9.0kÅ

IMD4 9.0kÅ

IMD5 9.0kÅ

HDP 8.0kÅ

SiN 3.0kÅ

6.9kÅ

5.4kÅ

5.4kÅ

5.4kÅ

5.4kÅ

5.4kÅ

Step#1- Front End

Step#2- Back End


Front End ProcessFront End ProcessTransistor Module

Active and Isolation Area Formation (Oxidation/ STI deposition/

Active area patterning)

Well and Channel Formation (Implantation with N type (As,P, In)

and P type (B, BF2) dopants)

Poly-Si Gate (Gate Oxidation and Poly-silicon deposition)

Spacer Nitride (Nitride and Spacer Teos Deposition and Etching)

Source/ Drain Formation (Implantation with N type and P type

dopants)


Click to Enlarge Picture

31

Back End ProcessBack End ProcessInterconnects and PassivationInterconnects and Passivation

Inter-Layer Dielectric (PEN/BPSG/TEOS deposition and planarization )

Contact (Contact patterning , etching and W-deposition)

Multiple Metal layers ( Ti/TiN/AlCu/Ti/TiN deposition, patterning and etching)

Multiple layers of Inter-Metal Dielectric (HDP oxide deposition and planarization)

Via connection between Metal layers (Via patterning, etching, W-deposition)

Passivation ( USG and SiN deposition and annealing)

M1

M5

M4

Top Metal

M2

M3

Inter-Layer Dielectric

Passivation

Si

M1

M5

M4

Top Metal

M2

M3


Passivation

Si


Click to Enlarge Picture

Key Modules Key Modules (Process/Equipment/Mfg)(Process/Equipment/Mfg)

1. Lithography

2. Diffusion

3. Implant

4. Etch

5. Clean tech

6. CMP ( Chemical Mechanical Polishing)

7. Thin-film (CVD/PVD)


Wafer Fab DepartmentsWafer Fab Departments1. Operations

1. Process and Equipment

2. Manufacturing

3. Process Integration, Yield Enhancement and Defect Density

2. Customer Service/ Marketing

3. CAD Tape out / Product

4. Technology Development

5. IT/ CIM/ Electrical Test

6. QA/FA/Reliability

7. Facility (Electrical/Mechanical/Chemical/ Maintenance)

8. Planning/ Industrial Engineering

9. Human Resource/ Finance


Career AdviceCareer Advice

1. Relevant Experience or Academic Background

(Microelectronics/ Device Physics / Material Science/ Electrical/ Mechanical / Chemical)

2. Personality

1. Committed individual

2. Fast Learner

3. Smart and Analytical

4. Sense of urgency


Thank YouThank You


Myo Myat ThiFab6, Yield EngineeringChartered Seimconductor ManfacturingSingaporeTel: 63946022

Go Back

34

Go Back

M1

M5

M4

Top Meta

M2

M3


Passivati

Si

M1

M5

M4

Top Meta

M2

M3


Passivati

Si

Go Back

35

Consumer electronics Consumer electronics include electronic equipment intended for everyday use.

Consumer electronics are most often used in entertainment, communications and

office productivity. Some products classed as consumer electronics include

personal computers, telephones, audio equipment, televisions, calculators, and

playback and recording of video media such as DVD or VHS. Popular brands of

consumer electronics include a wide range of European, American, Korean and

Japanese based companies including Philips, Apple, Sony, Toshiba, Samsung,

LG and others.

The CEA (Consumer Electronics Association) estimates 2007 Consumer

Electronics sales at 150 billion dollars. CEA: Industry Statistics

Consumer electronics are manufactured throughout the world, although there is a

particularly high concentration of manufacturing activity in the Far East, in

particular China and Singapore, amongst other countries. The latest consumer

electronics are previewed yearly at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las

Vegas, Nevada, at which many industry pioneers speak including Bill Gates from

Microsoft.

One overriding characteristic of all consumer electronic products is the trend of

ever-falling prices. This is driven by gains in manufacturing efficiency and

automation, coupled with improvements in semiconductor design. Semiconductor

components benefit from Moore's Law, an observed principle which states that,

for a given price, semiconductor functionality doubles every 18 months.

While consumer electronics continues in its trend of convergence; ie. DVD-Player

and Free-View Box becomes a 'Media Centre' combining elements of many

consumer electronic items. The consumer faces different decisions when

purchasing their items. The variables becoming more about "Style & Price" rather

than "Specification & Performance". This convergence of technologies promises

36

a shrinking of choice of retailer to the consumer and the rise of Manufacturer

status within the home.

Environment

Many consumer electronics have planned obsolescence, resulting in E-waste. It

is estimated that during 2003 the US alone generated over 2.8 million tons of

electronic waste. Less than 10% of that amount was recovered (reused or

recycled).

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consumer_electronic

Semiconductor device fabrication

NASA's Glenn Research Center cleanroom. Semiconductor device fabrication is the process used to create chips, the

integrated circuits that are present in everyday electrical and electronic devices.

It is a multiple-step sequence of photographic and chemical processing steps

during which electronic circuits are gradually created on a wafer made of pure

37

semiconducting material. Silicon is the most commonly used semiconductor

material today, along with various compound semiconductors.

The entire manufacturing process from start to packaged chips ready for

shipment takes six to eight weeks and is performed in highly specialized facilities

referred to as fabs.

History

When feature widths were far greater than about 10 micrometres, purity was not

the issue that it is today in device manufacturing. But as the devices became

more integrated the cleanrooms became even cleaner. Today, the fabs are

pressurized with filtered air to remove even the smallest particles, which could

come to rest on the wafers and contribute to defects. The workers in a

semiconductor fabrication facility are required to wear cleanroom suits to protect

the devices from human contamination.

In an effort to increase profits, semiconductor device manufacture spread from

Texas and California in the 1960s to the rest of the world, such as Ireland, Israel,

Japan, Taiwan, Korea, Singapore and China, and is a global business today.

The leading semiconductor manufacturers typically have facilities all over the

world. Intel, the world's largest manufacturer, has facilities in Europe and Asia as

well as the U.S. Other top manufacturers include Freescale Semiconductor (US),

Samsung (Korea), Texas Instruments (US), Advanced Micro Devices (AMD)

(US) see , Toshiba (Japan), NEC Electronics (Japan), STMicroelectronics

(Europe), Infineon (Europe), Renesas (Japan), Taiwan Semiconductor

Manufacturing Company (Taiwan, see TSMC web site), Sony(Japan), and NXP

Semiconductors (Europe) and Chartered Semiconductor Manufacturing CSM

(Singapore). In 2006, there are approximately 5,000 semi-conductor and

electronic components manufacturers in the United States, accounting for $165

billion, according to the 2006 U.S. Industry & Market Outlook by Barnes Reports.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semiconductor_Manufacturing

38

CODE OF PRACTICEFOR THE SALE OF ELECTRICAL INSTALLATION PRODUCTSTO THE PUBLIC

January 2004 Page 1 of 3

Preface

WHY DO WE NEED A CODE OF PRACTICE?

Electricity has become an essential commodity in our community. We rely on it in nearly all aspects of ourdaily living. But as well as being a benevolent saviour, it can also be a malevolent killer.

Each year people get killed when they attempt to do their own electrical installation and maintenance work, nomatter how simple the job.

In many cases, they buy electrical installation materials, accessories and products, then attempt to install themthemselves instead of using a registered electrical contractor.

People give many reasons for doing their own electrical work:• didn't realise it was dangerous;• didn’t realise it was illegal;• enjoy do it yourself (DIY) work;• thought they possessed the appropriate knowledge and skills;• persuaded by others to do it;• too expensive to employ a registered electrical contractor (in some cases, the cost to install the product

by a registered electrical contractor may be more than the purchase price of the product.)

But the fact remains that it is dangerous and illegal for electrical installation work to be carried out by other thanregistered electrical contractors.

The public must be informed about the danger and illegality of doing their own electrical installation work.Electrical Regulatory Authorities throughout Australia have conducted various public and industry awarenesscampaigns to promote electrical safety and these have included information about the dangers and illegality ofunlicensed people doing their own electrical installation work.

The purpose of this Code of Practice is to help suppliers and retailers play their part in informing the buyingpublic of the need to use only registered electrical contractors to fit electrical installation materials, accessoriesand products.

WHAT IS A CODE OF PRACTICE?

A code of practice is a document which specifies the agreed manner in which an activity or process should beconducted.

This Code of Practice specifies various guidelines which should be adopted when selling certain electricalinstallation materials, accessories and products.

Various electrical safety regulations in all Australian States and Territories specify that only licensedelectricians or registered electrical contractors may carry out electrical installation work. The reasoning behindthis law is that for untrained persons, the act of carrying out any electrical installation work can in itself bedangerous. In addition, electrical installation work which is performed incorrectly, no matter how simple thejob, can present a life threatening and potential fire risk to both the worker and the subsequent user of theinstallation.

This Code of Practice is not law. To become law it would have to be mandated in legislation. As it is notmandatory, the Code merely represents a set of conditions which have been accepted with consensus of manyindustry members and should be adopted voluntarily.

Following this Code will enable suppliers and retailers to be seen to be acting responsibly when selling electricalinstallation materials, accessories and products which can present a danger to the purchaser if installed illegally.

WHO PREPARED THIS CODE OF PRACTICE?This Code of Practice was prepared by the Office of the Chief Electrical Inspector in conjunction with electricalregulatory authorities throughout Australia for consultation purposes in Victoria.

39


The Code

WHICH ELECTRICAL PRODUCTS CAN ONLY BE INSTALLED BYREGISTERED ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS?Electrical safety regulations in Australian States and Territories prohibit electrical installing work being carriedout by other than registered electrical contractors or licensed electricians. So although it is legal to buy productslike electrical cable, switches and power points, it is illegal and dangerous for unlicensed persons to install theitems.

The Regulations DO permit unlicensed persons to connect plugs to their own electrical cords. However, the useof ready made extension cords is encouraged as they may be safer than home wired ones. An incorrectly wiredplug can be fatal.

LABELLINGThe packaging of electrical installation materials, accessories and products which require connection toelectrical wiring should include a prominent warning which advises that the product must only be installed by aregistered electrical contractor or licensed electrician. The sorts of products which require a warning label ontheir packaging are switches, power points, cables etc.

Most Australian manufacturers already display the warning label on the blister pack packing for these types ofproducts, but a check should be made to make sure the label is present.

NOTICES

Many electrical installation materials, accessories and products are sold in bulk without specific packing –things like switches, electrical cable etc. In these cases, a prominent warning poster should be located on thedisplay shelf near the product. The poster should carry the message that only registered electrical contractorsmust be used to fit the electrical installation materials, accessories and products.

ADVERTISINGMany electrical installation materials, accessories and products which require connection to electrical wiring areadvertised for sale, both in the written and audio/visual media, words to the effect “must only be installed by aregistered electrical contractor” should be included in the advertisement. The warning should be displayedprominently and in the immediate vicinity of any graphical representation of the product.

CUSTOMER ADVICE

A good indication that a customer is not a registered electrical contractor or licensed electrician is when he orshe asks the seller for advice on how to connect an electrical product to installed wiring.

In such cases, it is more prudent for sales staff to advise the customer that the electrical installation materials,accessories and products must only be installed by a registered electrical contractor or licensed electrician, and aCertificate of Electrical Safety issued to the customer.

40


More Information

If you want more information about warning labels for electrical products,contact the product manufacturer. Alternatively, you may contact yourlocal electrical regulator at the number shown below:

Office of the Chief Electrical InspectorLevel 3, Building 2, 4 Riverside Quay SOUTHBANK VIC 3006Phone: (03) 9203 9700Fax: (03) 9686 2197Website: www.ocei.vic.gov.au

ACT Planning & Land AuthorityElectrical Safety16 Challis Street DICKSON ACT 2602Phone: (02) 6207 6400Fax: (02) 6207 1640Website: www.actpla.act.gov.au

Department of Fair Trading New South Wales1 Fitzwilliam Street PARRAMATTA NSW 2150Phone: (02) 9895 0715Fax: (02) 9689 0423Website: www.fairtrading.nsw.gov.au

Department of Industrial Relations QueenslandElectrical Safety Office75 William Street BRISBANE QLD 4000Phone: (07) 3227 6251Fax: (07) 3237 0229Website: www.eso.qld.gov.au

Department of Infrastructure, Planning & Environment Northern Territory38 Cavenagh Street DARWIN NT 0800Phone: (08) 8999 8961Fax: (08) 8999 8967Website: www.ipe.nt.gov.au

Energy Safety Western Australia20 Southport Street LEEDERVILLE WA 6007Phone: (08) 9422 5200Fax: (08) 9422 5244Website: www.energysafety.wa.gov.au

Office of Electricity Standards & Safety Tasmania30 Gordon’s Hill Road ROSNY PARK TAS 7018Phone: (03) 6233 7831Fax: (03) 6233 8338Website: www.wst.tas.gov.au/electricity

Office of the Technical Regulator South AustraliaEnergy RegulationLevel 13 Wakefield House30 Wakefield Street ADELAIDE SA 5000Phone: (08) 8226 5500Fax: (08) 8226 5866Website: www.technicalregulator.sa.gov.au

41

SHORT COURSES PROGRAMME

INSTITUTE OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION Industry Training Programme Dept, 10 Dover Drive, Singapore 138683

Tel: 67720609 | Fax: 65449373 | Email: [email protected] | Website: www.ite.edu.sg/cet/sc

Employers who wish to apply for SDF funding must submit the SDF Form 1 to SDF at least one working day before course start date. Download the form at www.sdf.gov.sg or request for a copy by calling the SDF Hotline on 68835885.

SDF Funding CP5:1998 CODE OF PRACTICE FOR ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS

Objective To enable participants to apply the guidelines of CP5: 1998 for wiring of electrical installations Who Should Attend Electricians who need to update their knowledge in the new electrical regulations Content • Recognise the need to comply with CP5:1998 • Know the background and Layout Plan of CP5:1998 • Appreciate the importance of Definitions as defined in

CP5:1998 • Interpret CP5 requirements on Assessment of Installation • Relate the Classification of External Influences • Relate the Index of Protection • Interpret CP5 requirements on Protection Against Electric

Shock • Interpret CP5 requirements on Equipotential Bonding • Interpret CP5 requirements on Automatic Disconnection of

Supply • Calculate earth fault loop impedance and earth fault current • Select the minimum size of protective conductor • Interpret CP5 requirements on Protection Against Over current• State the function of different types of protective devices • Interpret CP5 requirements on Isolation and Switching • Interpret CP5 requirements on Selection and Erection of

Equipment • Calculate cable sizes for single-phase installation • Determine conduit and trunking sizes • Interpret CP5 requirements on Special Installations or

Locations • Interpret CP5 requirements on Inspection and Testing Course Details • Duration : 30 hours (10 sessions) • Total fee : $270 (inclusive of GST and registration fee) (SDF Funding is available) • Schedule : See our website for details or call us for

more information

Registration & Payment • Walk-in at the Customer Service

Centres • Apply online at

www.ite.edu.sg/cet/sc/online.htm • Post the application form to us Payment is required for confirmation of place. Crossed cheques should be made payable to ‘Institute of Technical Education. At the back of the cheque, please write your name, NRIC/FIN, course title and contact number. Closing date: 1 month before course start date or when the class is full.

Withdrawal & Deferment Withdrawal or deferment notice must be made in writing: • 2 weeks or more before course

start date – Full refund • Less than 2 weeks before course

start date - 50% refund • On or after course start date -

No refund In the event that the course is cancelled due to unforeseen circumstances, full refund will be given.

42

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43

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45

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46

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47

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tkdifpD xkwfvkyfyHk tqifhrsm;? 1? 'DZdkif; ESifh tmtif'D R&D 2? Wafer Fabrication 3? Assembly and Packaging

48

1? 'DZdkif; ESifh tmtif'D R&D

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2? Wafer Fabrication

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49

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50

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puf&Hkrsm;odk@ ydk@ay;&ygonf?

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ta&S@awmiftm&S edKifiHrsm;ESifh tdkifpD xkwfvkyfrSKtajctae?

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tdkifpD enf;ynm tqifh (wufuedKavmf*sD)?

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51

[kac:=uygonf? 0.5 um qdkonfrSm tdkifpDwGiftao;qHk;aom 0g,mvrf;a=umif;. tus,frSm 0.5 um &Sdonf [kqdkvdkygonf? pDvDuGef a0zm tcsyf0dkif;ay:wGif tEk=unfhrSefajyif; (rdkufu&dkpukwf) jzifh =unfhygu teD/ t0g 0g,mvrf;a=umif;rsm;udk 90nm &rnfjzpfjyD;/ uef@vef@ jzwf=unfhygu tv$m txyfxyf wkdufwmyHko¾ef jrif&rnfjzpfonf? tcsdK@ a0zm rsm;wGif tv$m 7 xyf/ 8 xyf txd &SdedKifygonf? 2007 ckESpfaemufydkif;wGif 90nm, 65nm, 45nm ponfh tqifhjrifh enf;ynmrsm; udk 12 vuR a0zm puf&Hkrsm;wGif xkwfvkyfaejyDjzpfygonf?

jrefrm qD;rD;uGef'wfwm tif*sifeD,mrsm; tem*gwf?

aemif 10 ESpfcef@=umv#if jrefrm vlrsdK;rsm;/ enf;ynmydkif;wGif awmfawmf wwfuGsrf;vmrnfjzpfygonf? txl;ojzihf 'DZdkif;vkyfief;udk wwfuGsrf;ol jrefrm ynm&Sifrsm;onf tar&du/ Oa&my rsm;wGif &Sdae=uygonf?

52

pifumyl&Sd jrefrmrsm;rSm tdkifpD xkwfvkyfaom enf;ynmrsm;wGif OD;aqmifvmedKifygonf? puFmyl&Sd jrefrmtif*sifeD,mrsm;rSm ydkvDwufuepf 'Dyvkdrm&&Sdol ESifh &efukefpufrSKwuUodkvf bGJ@&olrsm;rSm edKifiHwum wuUodkvfrsm;rS 'D*&D/ rmpwmrsm; &&Sdvm=ujyDjzpfonf? puFmyl wuUodkvfrsm;rS qD;rD;uGef'wfwm (rdkufu&dk tDvufx&Gef;epf) rmpwm bJG@&ol jrefrm rsm;pGm&SdaejyD;/ r=umrSD yD;tdyf'D bGJ@rsm; &ol &Sdvm=urnfjzpfygonf? jrefrmedKifiHwGif qD;rD;uGef'wfwm puf&Hkrsm;vnf; tem*gwfwGif ay:vmrnfjzpfonf? aemif 10 ESpfcef@t=umwGif w&kyf/ tdEDN, edKifiHrsm;rSm qD;rD;uGef'wfwm ynmwGif taemufedKifiHrsm;udk rSDcsdefwGif jrefrmvlrsdKl;rsm;vnf; u¾wckrS yg0ifedKifrnf arsmfvifhygonf? odyH ynm&Sifrsm;onf owWaA' ynmjzifh Bio Cell IC rsm;xkwfvkyfedKif&ef =udK;pm; okawoe jyKae=uaomfvnf; aemifESpfaygif;rsm;pGm qD;rD;uGef'wfwm ynmrSm aps;aumif;&aeOD;rnfjzpfygonf?

jyD;ygjyD?

Notes: 1. William Shokley, John Barden and Watter Brattain - those 3 scientic invented "transistor" in 1947. They won noble price for Physic. 2. Intel Corporation , found by Gordon Moore and Robert Noyce started IC manufacturing since 1968.

Reference: 1. Chartered Semiconductor Training Maunals 2. Wikipedia.com Semiconductor articles 3. Internet Photos 4. ULSI Technology C.Y. Chang and S.M.Sze 1996

53

Some of Consumer - Computer Products

Chartered Semiconductor Burmese Employees (2006)

Feb-2007 (Singapore)

54

Job market of Silicon Industry

1. Wafer Fab , Assembly IC CSM – www.charteredsemi.comTECH - www.techsemiconductor.com.sgSTMicroelectronic - www.st.com/stonlineSSMC - www.ssmc.com.sgInfineon - www.infineon.comSTATS ChippacUMC - www.umc.com.sg … etc

2. Equipment & spare part suppliers eg. Applied Material, Lam Research, KLA, TEL, HP, DISCO, Varian …etc

3. Material suppliers SONY, BASF, SOXAL, MITSUI Chemical, Siltronic, Integris ..etc

55

www.contactsingapore.org.sg

56

Welcome to Oversea Burmese (Myanmar) Business & Community Directory (Since 2001 Nov)

About us Myanmar MP3

Singapore info

Myanmar News

Education & Study

Flight Schedule

ExchaRat

Food Yangon Malaysia, KL Japan, Tokyo USA, Australia Thailand Myweb

Find from ? TYPE HERE-->

Find It!

EDUCATION FOR BURMESE

Date Education Stories MingalOnline

30.07.2007 Click

30.06.2007

Library and Political Books, Also - see at www.thanlwin.com/polaris/

Click

08.04.2007 Click

19.03.2007

Post Graduate Study in UK and Other country

Click

Student Live in Singapore & Burmese

Page 1 of 4What Do You Want To Find Today

8/23/2007http://www.mingalaronline.net/education/

57

27.02.2007

Click

22.02.2007

Case Trust Members of Private Schools in Singapore (For Student Pass)

Click

02.02.2007

Wafer Fab (Semiconductor Business and Education)

Click

2006 Click

2006

Click

05.01.2007

Graduate Oversea Study (Aung Kyaw Soe)

Click

12.01.2007

Study in Netherland - Tun Aung (Netherland)

Click

30.12.2006

Singapore Education for Burmese, Kay Thawl

Click

2005

Study in Australia

Click



58

2002

Mingalar Online Education Guides - Singapore

Oversea Burmese Education

Click

Singapore

NTU Master Prog

NUS Master Prog

Poly Diploma Courses

Pri/Sec Shchools

University NTU Nanyang Technology University www.ntu.edu.sg NUS National University of Singapore www.nus.edu.sg SMU Singapore Management University www.smu.edu.sg SIM Singapore Institue of Management www.sim.edu.sg There are many post graduate courses in Singapore for Degree holders or Master holders from MyanmPopular courses are 1. Engineering Master Courses (For Engineering or Science graduates) 2. IT Master Courses (For IT and Science graduates) 3. Environment Master Courses (For Chemical, Chemistry, Industrial Chemistry graduates) 4. Various Master Courses (For any degree holders or master holders including M.B.B.S medical de 5. Master of Science (BUILDING SCIENCE) Under graduate course are not eligible for normal Burmese. Special Burmese such as genius studentsmay be. Note: Application is accept via email and qualification is more tighter eg. TOFEL, graduate gradingfrom reputable person, academic ..etc ================================================= Singapore Polytechnic 3 years diploma course for Burmese is very popular in Yangon. Now, entrance exam was held at YanSingapore eg Burmese School "JointCom". Yangon admission exam centers hints 1. Pass 10 standard in Burma eqv to "O" level ". 2. Avg mark is above 70% and prefer IELTS or TOEFL Fluency in English is advantage. 3. Each Polytechnic has own exam 4. Fluency in English is advantage. 5. Repeated exercise at Training center is advantages eg. Maths - U Tin win Aung 951-280699 (Ygn) - U Thein Lwin (JointCom) 65-64672410 (Sgp)



59

Burmese Internet Directory Search Site Mywebdigest

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

10 Anson Road #18-18 International Plaza, Singapore 079903

6. MYANMAR RV Training Center (Popular Singapore based school) www.rvcentre.com.sg

1. Latha,Yangon 104 Latha Street, Latha Township, Yangon 2. Saya San/Kokine, Yangon 28B, Saya San Road, Bahan Township, Yangon Email: [email protected]

Student life in Singapore Poly 1. Student can apply sponsorship from Singapore government (Bond is 3 yrs to work in Singapore) Benifit: S$ estimated 3 yrs S$15,000 course fee 2. Student can get company's sponsorship (Bond is depend on agreement eg. 2 yrs) Benifit: Monthly S$300 and above. Average is S$500 depend on company. 3. Student can work part time in Singapore after 6 months stduy. Daily wedges: S$5-10 per hours. Singapore Polytechnic www.sp.edu.sg Temasek Polytechnic www.tp.edu.sg Ngee Ann Polytechnic www.np.edu.sg Nanyang Polytechnic www.nyp.edu.sg Republic Polytechnic www.rp.edu.sg =================================================

Burmese Gathering and Shopping Point - Peninsula Plaza



60

Graduate School 101 tutorial for Burmese students and graduates _ By Aung Kyaw Soe

Introduction

I hope this article will be useful for those who have some friends, families and relatives trying to earn admission to graduate schools and the content of the guide is constrained by author's limited knowledge. The inspiration for writing this article was originated during a conversation with one of the countrymen during the flight back in 2000. She was doing PhD in Biotechnology in one of the Korean universities and she told me how the students from other countries are pursuing post graduate studies in the engineering department of her university on Research scholarships by making proposals to professors directly by themselves submitting a research proposal.

The author observed how the students from our neighboring countries are thriving in post graduate research works in the graduate schools in the universities around the world.

I do believe that what Burmese (Myanmar) students are lacking exposure, knowledge and opportunities and given the information and opportunities, they can strive and this article is to fill the gap in the former part, i.e. to provide information.

In this article, I will try to discuss a brief discussion of degrees, admissions, graduate schools, and compile the resources to make the reader informative and make their graduate schools applications successful. Feel free to forward any Burmese students or professionals.

However the article is solely based on knowledge of author and limited by his research done.

Moreover there will be more biased towards some academic discipline and topics.

Graduate Schools and programs

A graduate education is defined as the education you obtained after 4 years college degree. In some parts of the world, graduate studies mean studying after college degree and below Master degree. A post graduate student is a student who is pursuing PhD after his Masters.

However, in this article both graduate and post graduate terms were used interchangeably. Graduate schools are becoming more and more important in all the universities around the world and graduate education becomes an entry level education in some professions of science and technology especially in engineering firms and R&D labs.

Page 1 of 8Graduate School 101 tutorial for

8/23/2007http://www.mingalaronline.net/story/graduate2006.htm

61

At the early phases in their careers, an employee or a professional with post graduate education and another person with merely undergraduate qualification may be offered same positions, responsibilities, roles and compensations.

Statistics show that after a period of time a post graduate qualification holder may have more chances of getting promoted and salary rises than a college degree holder. It is not only in science and engineering but also in other displines: accounting, finance, law and medicine.

If all things being equal, employers and recruiters (gate keepers for jobs and pay check for debts) prefer MSEE holder to a BSEE holder unless one's MSEE were from Yjoxabc graduate school, Timbuku University, Republic of Bayarnathi while BSEE is from MIT, Cambridge. In other words, where do you earn your graduate degree counts as much as what degree do you earn.

While it should be treated with skeptism, Shanghai Jiangton University, London Times Education supplementary are places to start looking up for global ranking of a university where graduate school belongs. There are local guides that will give you hints about how universities fare with their peers in particular country or region.

But it is more difficult and demanding to be one of the top students in a second tier university than a dog student in a first tier university. It is better to be a straight A+ student from a second tier university than a grade C- or D+ student from a university with better ranking, higher prestige.

Categories of Graduate Degrees and Admission Criteria

The graduate school normally offers degree leading to M.Sc, S.M, M.S.E.E, M.Eng, Engineer Degree, M.Phil, Ph.D, D.Sc or D.Eng degrees. Types of degrees offering at the graduate schools and their prestige differ from country to country.



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For example in UK, a MSc degree is regarded higher than M.Eng degree. If you apply for M.Sc degree admission you need 2 years of professional working experience while M.Eng applicants can be a final year student. Also an M.Eng graduate can't apply for a Ph.D degree whereas a M.Sc degree is the path for admissions to Ph.D programs. While earning a M.Sc is not the only path towards admission to a Ph.D program, a good Bachelor degree or a second class honours (lower division) could be good enough to be slip into a Ph.D program although a Master degree could enhance the applicant's competitiveness.

Since our Burmese education system does not have this honours categories, we can considered a first class honours degree can be considered as top 5% (or up to 10% if school is competitive) of graduating class and second class honours (upper division) is top 10 to 20% of graduating class and second class honours (lower division) is to be a graduate who stood in top 40 to 50% of its graduation class. If a person is not good enough to be distinguished better than 50% of class than it is likely that he may not survive in graduate school and dropping out will be a waste of time, tuition, energy and ego and a loss for all parties concerned.

Then there are confusing 3 years and 4 years undergraduate college degrees and in general a person with 3 years college education is not eligible for M.Sc programs or Ph.D programs and it needs minimum of 4 years college education and degree for pursuing a Master degree. Speaking in terms of Burmese education system, for a MBBS, BDS and Bachelor of Engineering (B.E)degree holders are considered to be 4 years education while B.Sc, B.CSc, B.Tech holders are considered to be in 3 years track. Therefore, it is advisable for those with 3 years degrees to earn M.Sc, M.I.Sc or M.C.Sc before applying reputable Master or PhD degree programs.

The reason is that Basic Education High School (BEHS) system in Burma has 11 grades (11 years secondary education and Burmese BEHS matriculation certificate can be considered between GCE (O) and (A) level and therefore although a B.Sc degree requires a student to spend 4 years in college, it is considered equal to 3 years of college education to compensate 1 year less secondary education he has compared to peers.

To continue discussion about different titles of graduate degrees and weightage they brings, we will start from our ASEAN neighbour Singapore, where M.Eng and M.Sc by research degrees are more prestigious than M.Sc by Coursework degree. In Europe if you pursued an engineering program at a university (not a university college), then the final degree certificate you earn will be equivalent to a M.Sc degree in UK and USA systems.

A student pursuing a master program will generally need to accomplish 120 credits after Bolonga accord which was to standardise and normalise European education systems across continent.

In UK, there is M.Phil degree, which is regarded as more prestigious than M.Sc but and sometimes it is called M.Sc (Research). In universities in UK, M.Sc by research where you do an independent research, write a thesis is considered to be academically more rigourous than taught M.Sc or M.Sc (coursework) where one has to take courses, sit for exams, do projects without writing a thesis.

Everywhere Ph.D degrees need longer years to earn compared to studies leading to M.Sc or M.Eng degrees.

A PhD candidate/student may or may not need to do a qualifying exam; rigor and demand of Q.E exam differs across displines and departments even at the same university and for example Q.E at department of Electrical engineering may be less demanding than a Q.E at Chemical Engineering at the same university and therefore the quality of PhD graduates may differ. A doctor wanna be must also fulfill a several coursework modules towards credits and dissertation and several papers in prestigious journals. A Ph.D program will demand minimum of 3 years and it took average of 4 years in most graduate schools around the world. Some Ph.D students drop out half way of PhD



63

program and they could earn M.Sc degree if they had fulfilled coursework requirements and that is how some students earned free M.Sc degree in US research universities although very few scholarships for Master programs, i.e. some students with Ph.D scholarships, drop half way out of Ph.D candidacy, afterfulfilling coursework requirement for M.Sc, apply for M.Sc degree and there is a freshly minted M.Sc ready to enter industry educated with tax payer's money from the host country.

Being not only unethical and it is a clear demonstration of lack of integrity and intellectual capacity in that person "the scholarship broker", that pattern is being observed to be implicitely practised by a lot of overseas graduate students with PhD scholarships.

The author believes that keeping one integrity is more important than other aspects of life and therefore would like to urge to apply for terminal Master programs if one would like to go to industry instead of academia.

Then there are D.Eng or Doctor of Engineering degrees, a category of Ph.D degree. It is offered in Tokyo University and UMIST, Manchester in UK and holders of D.Sc claim their degrees are superior to Ph.D.

In Engineering education, MIT, Cambrige offers S.B, S.M, Engineer and Sc.D degrees.

S.B is considered to be equivalent to BSEE or B.E, S.M is to MSEE or M.Sc while ScD is to Ph.D.

But the a degree with a confusing term is the Engineer degree, it can be considered somewhere above S.M and below Ph.D at MIT, Cambridge.

To make it more confusing, a engineering graduate with a S.B from MIT, Cambridge is not a practising professional engineer yet although MIT is undisputed best engineering schools on earth. He will have to go through Professional Engineer License (PE) exam, professional track different from academic qualification track. Alternatively he could pursue Engineer degree at MIT which is to train graduate practising engineers, its degree is considered to be higher than S.M degree from same university.

At some European countries, a student who already had a Master degree can pursue a professional Ph.D program by fulfilling some academic requirements (40 credits for example) and an industrial project accomplishment at a sponsoring company with a dissertation and project report. It should be noted that earning a Ph.D degree in Civil Engineering or Law may not entitled for a person to be a professional in some industries in some countries although it may make him easier to pass professional/licensing exams.



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To discuss about all about degrees, professional licenses, certificates, qualifications will be beyond the scope of this article and so we will move on to discuss about admission procedures.

Admission procedure

Domain Knowledge Acquisition

It all depends on the institution one is going to apply. Here I will discuss about how to get admission to some graduate schools as a research based post graduate scholarship holding student. It is very important to go for the field what you are keen to learn. Although one has learnt several subjects in college, he could improve in that field by digging deeper, learning further. Grab a good text and research papers in that particular field and learn it. Learning new skills will never harm a person and it equip graduate with skills to compete with peers.

Try to dig deeper in the field you want to do research. For example if one wants to do post graduate research in Hardware Software Co-design, Multiprocessor design, parallel computing etc.. The best resources will be the academic journals for researchers such as Elsevier Science, ACM(Association of Computing Machinery), IEEE proceedings (Proceedings of all subjects are the topics in to explore more in that field while IEEE spectrum will be for brief overview of all emerging or popular topics for Electrical and Electronics engineers, etc..

Generally speaking, the core materials in some of the texts published are already established and those may no longer be worthy of research anymore. One could use trade journals (journals for a practising professional with full of industry advertisement) in a wise manner. To learn more about a topic, you can grasp overview from a freely available trade journal, manuals, standards and texts. Later reading up latest academic journals to find out what are the hottest topics in rearch and what areas are left to be researched further.

There are Prentice Hall and McGraw Hill text. It is time to unlearn and relearn, another way is to use search engines look for course web sites posted by professors for their teaching courses at universities they work.

Download, print out course materials and grasp the whole one semester course and learned together with reference texts they refer for their courses. MIT's Open Courseware (http://www.ocw.mit.edu) is recommended.

Try taking exercises. The text is not supposed to be a bed time story but a book to learn seriously. Try to work out end of chapter lessons then you will be able to gain more from self study. Forming study groups will be a great idea and group with good students to digest those materials. That will make your life in graduate school easier.

Graduate school admission should not be taken as gurantee path to graduation ceremony. The author has observed a lot of graduate school drop outs mainly due to lack of seriousness and bad attitudes. Not every Ph.D candidate or M.Sc student came out with degree certificates but failed endeavors,



65

loss of time and money and suffering egos.

Do learn to code some programming languages like C, C++ and MATLAB (get installation CDs from vendors and there are help files and tutorials for self learning).

Use PC based modeling and simulation tools. Simulators can help a learner in academic or professional field.

Some tool vendors offers student or trial version, students interested in Digital Signal Processing realizations can use time limited trial offering of simulator software from Texas Instruments. Those who want to learn VLSI design or mixed signal ASIC design can download some simulator software like AIMSpice from UC Berkley for circuit simulations.

For those want to learn about Hardware Software Co-design or Co-specification can use SHESim engine from TU/eindhoven website. Those who are interested in parallel computing can use free simulators like PVM (Parallel Virtual Machine) from MIT, Cambridge. Google to locate urls to download those software suites.

If you are confident that you have grasped the working knowledge from those easy texts then next step is to move into texts for graduate studies like some texts from John Wiley & Sons. Check the preface and check whether the text is for graduate (Master level) senior undergraduate (final year level) students. If the text was published within 3 years from the day you pick up that then it is not a bad starting point. My 2 cents advice is to look for books that have been published at least 2 or 3 times, it may contain more readable contents than others.

Patents (especially utility patents) are also a very good resource to learn how a device based on certain technology works and patents served as knowledge deposit to mine after period of protection period is over.

You can learn how their device work in certain environment. Although you shouldn't infringe on it as you will be sued. But for academic purposes, you should know how to use patents as a kind of resource.

Check out at http://www.uspto.gov/patft/. If you need to buy a full text patents you may need a credit card to buy online or let someone buy or get on behalf of you and send you the pdf file.

Standards like ISO (International Organization for Standardization), IEC (International Engineering Consortium http://www.iso.ch), ANSI (American National Standard Institute). Students and professionals in ICT field can use RFC (Requests for Comments http://www.ietf.org/rfc.html), RFP (Requests for proposals) are good resources.

All MNCs have access to patents, standards and if you have friends or seniors working there then get use of them.

English proficiency

Prepare your English; listening, conversation, composition and comprehension skills. Good English can move you extra miles and lousy communications tarnish your reputation and damage your career opportunities.



66

The End... This is a another link available @ http://www.tayzathuria.org.uk/bd/2007/1/28/aks.htm

Even B.Tech programs from NUS are accredited as M.Eng level in UK. http://btech.eng.nus.edu.sg/admission/faq.html

FYI, URLs About Academic/Profession al Degrees 1. All about Bachelor's degree http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/ Bachelor_ degree 1.A. British undergraduate degree classification http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/ British_undergra duate_degree_ classification 2. Master degrees http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/ Master_degree 3.PhD degree http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/ Doctorate 4.Professional Degrees 4.A.Engineer Degree http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/ Engineer% 27s_degree 4.B. LLB/B.A,B.L or Juris Doctor or LLM http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/ Juris_Doctor 4.C. MBA degree http://en.wikipedia .org/wiki/ MBA



67

Click Here in Burmese (Living Color 2004, June) http://www.mingalaronline.net/education/livingcolor/graduate.htm

Note: Author - Aung Kyaw Soe who was graduated from Yangon Institute of Technology as an Engineer. Then studied Master in Singapore and worked. In 2005, he moved to Oslo, Norway as an embedded software design engineer job with a Product Design Center of an Oil and Gas company.



68

• Banking & Finance • Call Centre• Engineering & Technical • Healthcare & Life Sciences• Human Resources • Information Technology• Logistics & Warehousing • Office Support• Sales, Marketing & Advertising

SingaporeSalary Guide2007

69

CONTENTS

Banking & Finance ...........................................................................................................2 / 3

Call Centre ........................................................................................................................3 / 4

Engineering & Technical ...................................................................................................5 / 6

Healthcare & Life Sciences ...................................................................................................7

Human Resources .................................................................................................................8

Information Technology ....................................................................................................8 / 9

Logistics & Warehousing .....................................................................................................10

Office Support .....................................................................................................................10

Sales, Marketing & Advertising ...........................................................................................11

70

FOREWORD

We are pleased to present the Kelly Services Annual Singapore Salary Guide 2007. This year, the guide is supported by the Singapore Human Resources Institute (SHRI).

We saw the need to create a comprehensive reference tool as many companies were requesting information on current salary trends on a daily basis. The aim of this guide is to provide a compilation of salaries and job titles across the wide range of industries. In this new 2007 edition of the Singapore salary guide, we address the upbeat tempo in the Singapore employment market and report the latest pay rates and new job titles created. The compiled findings have been presented in an easy-to-read format for your reference.

The good news is that the 2007 economy is buoyant and there is robust job creation in all positions and sectors. The major challenges now are for companies to attract talent in a competitive market while retaining their current workforce as turnover rates skyrocketed during the last quarter of 2006. Competitive and attractive salary packages are one of the components in attracting and retaining quality employees.

We are confident that this 2007 salary guide from Kelly Services will be a useful reference tool * in the year ahead. Additionally, we welcome questions you may have and are always on hand to assist you with current data and support you in developing recruiting strategies and programmes to suit your specific business needs.

Best Wishes!

Dhirendra ShantilalVP & Managing Director, Asia Pacific

* Please note that the salary ranges in this publication are subject to changes arising from fluctuations in

market and economic conditions.

A copy of this guide can also be found on our website. Visit us at: www.kellyservices.com

KELLY SERVICES SALARY GUIDE 2007 I 1

71

Banking and Finance industry in 2007 will be a year of rapid growth and change. Buoyed by the surge in employment and economic factors in 2006, 2007 will ride a higher wave in terms of salary increment and performance bonus. For employers, this signifies a chance to explore innovative retention strategies to keep their talents with them in the year ahead. Management-level movement will remain, while we may see more staff movement at the rank and file level as transactions increase.

Banking Division

BANKING & FINANCE

BANKING SGD SGD

Bank Teller ‘N’ levels with CO S / ’O’ levels

1-3 Handle high volume of over-the-counter transactions. Assist with customer enquiries, ensure service delivery standards are met & actively promote bank products and services.

1300 + commission +

allowances

1900 + commission +

allowances

Remittance / Settlement /Loans Clerk

‘O’ / ‘A’ levels 1-2 Cheque clearance, inward/outward remittances, telegraphic transfer& demand drafts. Accept & confirm forex deals. Process & document housing loan applications.

1500 2000

Collection / DebtRecovery Officer

‘O’ levels / Diploma

1-3 Review collection procedures and ensure diligent debt recovery. Analyse customers’ profile & propose viable solutions. Restructure & negotiate payment. Knowledge in legal/litigation processes & documentation. Monitor delinquent accounts & collection functions.

1600 2200

Trade Finance Clerk ‘O’ levels /Diploma

2-3 Process trade finance products with knowledge of various trade instruments e.g. Letter of Credit, trade collections & payments, including the accompanying payment processes.

1900 2600

Bank Operations Officer Degree 0-1 Processing of trade settlements. Back-room admin duties. 1800 + shift allowance

2600 + shift allowance

Customer Service Officer Diploma / Degree 2-3 Attend to walk-in customers & follow-up on customer service issues as well as identify business potential from existing database.

2000 + commission

2800 + commission

Mortgage Sales Specialist Diploma / Degree 2-3 Identify prospective customers through lead generation to achieve desired mortgage and related lending product targets.

2000 + commission

3000 + commission

Trade Finance Officer Diploma / Degree 1-2 Supervisory role in the processing of trade finance products. 2200 3000

Personal Financial Consultant / Personal Banker

Diploma / Degree 2-3 Provide advice & recommend investment products according to clients’ risk profile. Identify business potential from the execution of sales.

2200 + commission

3200 + commission

FX Dealer Diploma / Degree 2-3 Good knowledge of foreign exchange products. Familiar with inter-bank market transaction. Manage the flow and risk of FX pricing. To process inter-bank deposit/placement deals, futures, FRAs, government bills/bonds and foreign exchange.

2500 5000

Compliance Officer Degree 2-3 Ensure interpretation & adherence to all regulatory requirements. Conduct & review results of compliance surveillance test plans. Support the implementation and roll-out of compliance-related initiatives.

2800 3600

Bank Auditor Degree 2-3 Report audit findings, evaluate system effectiveness & assess procedural deficiencies. Ensure high level of internal control & system adherence to guard against fraud or procedural non-compliance.

2800 3800

Settlement Officer Degree 3-5 Settlement of trades (FX/MM), bonds & securities. Liaise with brokers, counter parties & Fund Managers.

3000 4000

Secretary ‘O’ / ’A’ levels 3-5 Support a team of Senior Managers in travel arrangements & meetings.

2600 4000

Senior Secretary Diploma Min 6 Support Heads of Department or top-level Executives. Travel arrangements, report preparations and scheduling of Manager(s) schedule. Taking of minutes and other secretarial duties.

4000 6000

Securities / Equities Dealer Degree Holder 3-5 Support relevant teams and responsible for executing global equities, fixed income and structured products through brokers. Update market information. To work closely with operations staff to resolve trade discrepancies.

3500 6000

FINANCE

Accounts Clerk ’O’ levels / Certificate

1-3 Balance expenses, data entry & basic accounts support. Filing, photocopying, faxing & other admin duties.

1500 1800

2 I KELLY SERVICES SALARY GUIDE 2007

72

CALL CENTRE

BANKING & FINANCE

Call Centre industry continues to grow phenomenally across Asia-Pacific. Both local and MNCs are investing heavily in Call Centres driven by high ROI. Call Centre agents are in high demand due to their value as key contact points for businesses and thus serve as a revenue generating unit. The industry service standard has been raised tremendously over the years as Call Centre Agents are expected to project the professional corporate image. They need to provide one-stop service to customers, so they are intensively trained to cross-sell all products for the companies. There is also an anticipated growth in demand for foreign talent due to multi-lingual skills requirements.

Call Centre Division

Sales Outbound / Telemarketer (entry level)

’O’ / ‘A’ levels 0-1 Responsible for setting up appointments & sales. Handle outbound calls for selling a product or service, typically with respect to quotas or sales goals. May be responsible for specific accounts or geography.

1500 + commission

1800 + commission

Sales Outbound / Telemarketer (experienced)

‘A’ levels / Diploma

2-3 Responsible for setting up appointments & sales. Handle outbound calls for selling products or services, typically with respect to quotas or sales goals. May handle specific accounts or geography. Typically handle key accounts & more difficult situations. To lead, teach, guide and/or motivate teams through the call process if necessary.

1800 + commission

2500 + commission

Customer Service Officer – Inbound (entry level)

‘O’ / ‘A’ levels / Diploma

0-1 To handle incoming calls (orders, inquiries, complaints) and direct calls for further problem resolution.

1500 + allowances

1800 + allowances

Payroll Clerk ‘O’ levels / LCCI 1-2 Calculate & prepare payroll, taking into account overtime & deductions such as tax, CPF, insurance payments, etc.

1400 2000

Credit Control Clerk ‘O’ levels / Diploma

1-2 Manage accounts receivables. Prepare reports of loans and accounts that are delinquent and forward reports for legal action.

1500 1800

Accounts Assistant ’O’ levels / Certificate

1-3 Record & compile summaries of organisation’s financial transactions for management purposes. Assist in full set of accounts.

1700 2400

Credit Control Officer Diploma / Degree 2-4 Contact customers. Send follow-up inquiries. Negotiate with past due accounts for debt recovery.

1800 3000

Accounts Supervisor LCCI Higher / Diploma / Professional Certificate

2-4 Supervise full set of accounts. Assist in the analysis of financial statements & year-end closing/audits.

2300 3600

Accounts Payable Manager Degree 5-6 Ensure timely payment of vendor invoices, expense vouchers & maintain accurate control reports. Staff management.

2800 4200

Financial Analyst Degree 2-3 Report & analyse financial & operating data. 3000 4500

Credit Control Manager Diploma / Degree 4-6 Determine credit worthiness of clients. Formulate credit & collection policy. Negotiate with past due accounts. Take appropriate action against delinquent accounts. Supervisory duties.

3200 5500

Auditor Degree / Professional Certification

2-4 Ensure authenticity & accuracy of financial statements, especially assets & liabilities. Analyse samples of work done & conduct procedural interviews.

3000 4800

Accountant Degree / Professional Certification

4-5 In-charge of general accounting that involves the preparation of statistical data & financial reports concerning profits, cash & inventory. Analyse, report & provide advice on financial dealings or organisations/individuals. Advise on associated record-keeping & compliance requirements.

4000 6500

Finance Manager Degree 6-7 Prepare financial reports, i.e. income, expenses, capital usage & cash-flow. Preparation of strategic plans, budgets & financial forecasts. Develop accounting and management policies & procedures.

5500 8500

Administrator Diploma / Degree 3-5 Contribute to the smooth and efficient operations of the office by undertaking all of the day-to-day office administration functions. Support teams and provide basic support roles to secretaries.

2600 3800

Office Manager Diploma Min 6 To ensure operations run smoothly. Vendor management, basic procurement of office supplies, general HR duties, reconciliations, report preparations and general administration.

3800 4500


73

JAPANESE

Customer Service Representative

Degree - To handle incoming calls (orders, enquiries, complaints) and direct calls for further problem resolution. To lead, guide and/or motivate teams through the call process if necessary.

2700 + allowance

3800 + allowance

Helpdesk Analyst Degree - Responsible for providing high level technical support and training for client applications. Assist in the resolutions of client technical problems and/or apply real time solutions.

2800 + allowance

4000 + allowance

Sales Outbound / Telemarketer

Degree - Handle outbound calls for selling a product or service, typically with respect to quotas or sales goals. Qualify prospects and produce quality leads.

2700 + commission

3200 + commission

Team Leader / Supervisor Degree - Oversee team of agents. Motivate team, roster planning & handle staffing issues such as disciplinary & performance counselling.

4000 6000

KOREAN Customer Service Representative


2500 + allowance

3500 + allowance

Helpdesk Analyst Degree - Responsible for providing high level technical support and training for client applications. Assist in the resolution on client technical problems and/or apply real time solutions.

2800 + allowance

4000 + allowance



2500 + commission

3000 + commission


3800 5500

OTHER LANGUAGES

Customer Service Representative


2000 + allowance

2700 + allowance

Helpdesk Analyst Degree - Responsible for providing high level technical support and training for client applications. Assist in the resolution of client technical problems and/or apply real-time solutions.

2300 + allowance

3200 + allowance



1800 + commission

2500 + commission


3000 4000

CALL CENTRE

NATIVE-SPEAKING POSITIONS - CALL CENTRE

Customer Service Officer – Inbound (experienced)

Diploma / Degree 1-2 Handle incoming calls (orders, inquiries, complaints) and direct calls for further problem resolution. To handle larger clients or 1st level escalation. To lead, teach, guide and/or motivate teams through the call process if necessary.

1600 + allowances

2200 + allowances

Helpdesk ‘A’ levels / Diploma

1-2 To screen and/or service requests, compile problem reports & provide solutions to complex issues as required.

1800 + allowances

2300 + allowances

Call Centre Supervisor / Team Leader

Diploma / Degree 2-3 Oversee team of junior & senior officers. Motivate team, roster planning & handle staffing issues such as disciplinary & performance counselling.

2800 3500

Call Centre Trainer Diploma / Degree 2-3 Work with HR & Call Centre Manager to provide training on systems, procedures & product knowledge. Facilitate & plan training schedules.

3000 4500

Operations Manager Diploma / Degree 3-4 Oversee all aspects of operations. Report to Call Centre Manager. Handle internal inquiries & divisional operations.

3800 5000

Call Centre Manager / Head Degree 3-4 Implement service strategies. Oversee daily operations as well as marketing, sales & IT. Ensure service levels are met. Plan workflow & structure. Solve escalated complaints. Motivate & lead teams. Work with HR to assist in recruiting, staff appraisals & training. Good project management skills.

5000 10000


74

ENGINEERING & TECHNICAL

Engineering Director PHD/MSc/MBA > 10 R&D, design and patent for company products. Oversee and lead entire engineering teams (QA, R&D, Design, Failure Analysis) to success. Master Black Belt holder. Financial management.

10000 15000

Engineering Manager PHD/MSc/MBA Degree

> 10 R&D, design and patent for company products. Lead entire enginee-ring team R&D, QA, Lead and oversee engineering team. Master Black Belt/Black Belt holder. Conduct induction training. Products development.

10000 15000

Procurement Manager MSc/Degree > 8 Strategic sourcing of suppliers and materials. Proficient in mechani-cal, electrical, electronics parts. >50% travel.

8000 12000

Embedded System/Design Principal Engineer

MSc/Degree > 8 R&D and product development & design in embedded system archi-tecture design, programming and project management. Proficient in C/C++ programming and porting of Standard C program to TI DSP and Intel XScale architecture. Knowledge of Unix/Linux systems ar-chitecture, TCP/IP networking, data communications and information surveillance security.

8000 10000

Planning Manager MSc/MBA >3 Operations management in engineering/manufacturing. Execute and roll out plans.

6000 9000

Material Manager MSc/Degree 5-8 Generate clear-to-build quantity plan based on orders. Expedite with buyers on material shortages & ensure availability. Monitor inventory performance to meet goals set.

6000 10000

Lead Supplier Development Engineer

MSc/Degree 3-5 Lead a team of Supplier Development Engineer. Knowledge in Supply Chain and Sheet Metal, Castings, Cable Assembly, Hardware, PCB for telecommunication, computers, video/audio/entertainment, industrial control equipment, testing and instrumentation, medical devices and products. Knowledge of quality management, CQE and ISO 9000. Lead Assessor

5000 8000

Senior Design Engineer (Automation)

Degree >5 Design & develop machine & pneumatic control, handlers for lead frame / PCB / CPU test equipment industries. Knowledge of ProE, DOE, DFMEA, FMEA, UPH simulation and structure. Prepare design proposal.

5000 7000

Regional Marketing/ Sales Manager

Degree/ Diploma 5-8 sales and marketing experience in electronics, components, ICs / Pumps & Valves / HVAC industry

5000 8000

Program Manager Degree/ Diploma 5-8 Plan and introduce products regionally and internationally. 3rd lan-guage (Japanese/Korean) a must. Business development managing and planning. Channel building.

5000 8000

Project Manager Degree/ Diploma 5-8 Projects execution in Oil & Gas, Petrochemical, Chemical, Civil & Structural, Solar, Energy, Wastewater treatment industry. Electrical & electronics system design & integration, troubleshooting, testing, installation and commissioning. Hands on experience in energy, water, infrastructure, solar, inverters, battery, UPS, diesel generators, power system.

4500 7000

Industrial/ Capacity Engineer Degree / Diploma 5-8 Planning of production floor layout to enable efficient process & material flow. Implement low cost manufacturing.

4000 7000

Electrical Design Engineer Degree/Diploma 3-5 Design of electrical diagrams for upgrades or modifications. Design machine control systems and panels. Experience with AutoCad, PLC, SCADA. Proficient in solar, inverters, battery, UPS, generators, power automation system.

3000 5000

Mechanical Design Engi-neers

Degree/Diploma 3-5 Jig & Fixture design. Hands on experience in automation design & mechanical integration in semiconductor & harddisk drive industries. Dimensioning controls.AutoCad 2D/3D, Inventor/Solid Works

3000 5000

PCB Design Engineer Degree/Diploma 3-5 Proficient in Mentor Graphic, Orcad, Cadence, Protel, PAD, Zuken, CADSTAR. Strong knowledge in PCB fabrication fundamentals and principles with R&D experience.

3000 5000


The outlook for 2007 in the Engineering sector looks promising with many prominent MNCs setting up new operations in Singapore. The Electronics Industry will remain the Number 1 employer followed by the Chemicals Industry. The demand for engineers is expected to be higher than 2006. The challenge for the employers is to compete with other companies in attracting these talents and retain them.

Kelly Engineering Resources

75

Project Engineer Degree/Diploma 3-5 Engineering projects execution. Electrical & electronics system desi-gn & integration, troubleshooting, testing, installation and commissio-ning. Hands on experience preferable in solar PV, servicing inverters, battery chargers, UPS, diesel generators, and/or other power system components.

3000 5000

Manufacturing Supervisor Degree/ Diploma 3-5 Liaise with operators, line leaders & other supporting departments to carry out production/manufacturing operations & projects. Monitor & coordinate machines installation setup. Monitor production issues to ensure targets are met & quality issues minimized.

3000 5000

Firmware/ Software Engineer Degree/ Diploma 3-5 Strong in Wireless, RF, 2G/3G, WCDMA, CDMA, GSM, GPRS, WIFI, WIMAX cellular, EDGE, HSDPA, HSUPA, Embedded Software deve-lopment (C, Assembly language in Windows, Linux or VxWorks).

3000 5000

Piping Design Engineer Degree/ Diploma 3-5 Piping design for Oil & Gas, Water/Wastewater Treatment, Chemical, Energy.

3000 5000

Field Application Engineer Degree/ Diploma 3-5 Failure analysis locally or overseas. Provide technical support. 3000 5000

Systems Design Engineer Degree/ Diploma 3-5 Product development support/system level design/ failure analysis. 3000 5000

Development Engineer Degree / Diploma 3-5 Product design, building automation or HVACR, electro-mechanical systems, and modules. Familiarity with 2D & 3D-CAD system. Hands-on experience in engineering drawing, part assembly, machining, electro-mechanical system. Testing & commissioning.

3000 5000

Service Engineer Degree/ Diploma 3-5 Technical servicing, support, enquiries for customers onsite locally & regionally. Resolve technical & quality issues

3000 5000

Production Engineer Degree/ Diploma 3-5 To be assigned plants in the areas of productivity improvement, pro-cess efficiencies, cost reduction and facility layout. Manages all as-pects of the development and implementation of production projects. Prepare cost analysis for project evaluation for COO, Regional VP, GMO and plant management. Maintain an up-to-date knowledge of related machinery and equipment for possible operation applications and assist plants in machinery and equipment specification. Monitor assigned plant’s compliance to policies and procedures.

3000 5000

Equipment Engineer Degree/ Diploma 3-5 Provide sales & service to local & international customers. Prepare quotation, presentation material, sales analysis report, customer complaints report, etc.

2800 4500

Sales Engineer Degree/ Diploma 3-5 Provide sales & service to local & international customers. Prepare quotation, presentation material, sales analysis report, customer complaints report, etc.

2800 4500

QA Engineer Degree/ Diploma 3-5 Plan and direct activities in development, application and mainte-nance of quality standards. Monitor and maintain Quality Assurance activity exp with CE, FDA, ISO13485, ISO16949.

2800 4500

Electrical & Instrumentation/Control Engineer

Degree/ Diploma 3-5 Design and modification of E&I equipments/machines. Proficient in PLC, SCADA, DCS hardware & software. Power electrical circuit design. Well versed in AC, stepper & servo motors. Multi-axis matrix positioning controls knowledge

2800 4500

Mechanical Engineer Degree/ Diploma 3-5 Strong analytical skills in design process. Proficient in Pro-E CAD modeling skills.

2800 4500

Process Engineer Degree/ Diploma 3-5 To develop process for new products & improve product process for current products. Knowledge of SPC, DOE & FMEA.

2800 4500

Electrical Engineer Degree/Diploma 3-5 Design of electrical diagrams for upgrades or modifications. Design machine control systems and panels. Experience with AutoCad.

2800 4500

Planner Degree/ Diploma 3-5 Regularly schedule/plan production. Plan production manufacturing loadings include work in process and ship dates to meet customer demands. Responds to customer inquiries. Works on related projects and/or assignments as required.

2800 4000


ENGINEERING & TECHNICAL

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HEALTHCARE & LIFE SCIENCESIn the Healthcare and Life Sciences sector, the hiring expectations for 2007 have increased substantially. In order to attract and retain the talent required, employers are aware that they will need to increase remuneration packages. Bonuses are generally higher as well, as employers place emphasis on talent retention.

Kelly Scientific Resources

Regional Business Development Director -Pharmaceutical

BS/MS Degree in Chemistry or Chemical Engineering and an MBA

5-7 Identify and deliver business alliances/acquisitions consistent with strategic business development plans. Drive Pharmaceutical end-use strategy.

13000 15000

Quality Auditor BS Degree in Life Sciences

4-10 Conduct cGMP audits of third-party vendors. Communicate critical cGMP findings and perform ‘for cause’ audits as requested by quality operations.

8500 9500

Manager - Quality Assurance

MS Degree in Biochemistry, Microbiology, Pharmacy

5-7 Exposure to Quality Assurance requirements as per local and international regulatory norms and experience in handling Biotech related Quality Assurance. Exposure to international regulatory audits of US FDA.

7000 8000

Product Manager BS Degree in Life Sciences

4-8 Initiate and co-ordinate strong and creative marketing plans to achieve sales target of each product portfolio.

6500 8500

Clinical Site Manager BS Degree in Life Sciences, Pharmacy, Nursing

3-5 Monitor the progress of assigned Investigator sites by maintaining close contact with site personnel and site monitors. Coordinate data management activities.

6000 8000

Analytical Chemist Bachelor of Applied Science

8-10 Review all validation protocol; supervise a group of laboratory personnel. Knowledge of HACCP.

6000 7000

Technical Sales Support / Account Manager

BS Degree in Microbiology, Biochemistry or Pharmacology

2-5 Technical service and support of customers and account management. Implement strategy for product end use.

5000 8000

Sales Account Manager BS Degree in Food Technology, Chemistry

5-6 Identify potential customers by building an internal and external network, market research and commercial contacts. Propose solutions for the needs of customers.

5000 7000

Regulatory Affairs Manager BS Degree in Pharmacy/Pharmacology. Registered with the Singapore Pharmacy Board

2-3 Includes the full spectrum of Pharmaceutical product registration services. Adhere to requirements of HSA and other regulatory bodies.

4000 5000

Regional Head QA - APAC, ME & Africa

Pharmacy,Biology or Chemistry degree

8-10 Develop QA organisation and increase QA and compliance awareness.

10000 15000

Regional Director - Global Regulatory Sciences

Ph.D or MD, Health Sciences

5-6 Implement regulatory strategies & file plans for developement and life-cycle products.

10000 15000

Clinical Data Manager Degree in Life Sciences, Pharmacy or Nursing

3-5 Data management activities related to clinical trials. 4500

6000

Dairy End - Use Manager Graduate in Food, Science and Technology

5-6 Sales & Marketing of dairy. 8000 11000

Medical Relationship Manager

Degree in Science,Nursing or Medicine

3-4 Develop & manage a network of key opinion leaders. 5500

7000

Laboratory Manager BS in Medical Technology, MT (ASCP) certification

5-6 Manage daily operations of the laboratory. 5000

7000

Medical Technologist BS in Medical Technology

2-3 Perform all manual & automated testing. 2300 3500

Research Officers Degree in Chemistry 2-3 Synthesis of functional dyes and semi-conductors. 2500 3500


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INFORMATION TECHNOLOGYWe saw a surge in IT salaries in 2005 of about 8-10% over the previous year and this was a direct result of an economic turnaround. 2006 was a good year in general for IT employment with more IT jobs and lesser unemployment. However in 2006 the salary increase was almost flat. Rising employee cost was kept in check partly due to a good supply of IT manpower from overseas and this has allowed Singapore to remain competitive as a business destination for more companies. Though permanent employment remained popular in 2006 for IT workers, contract or project based – employment has gained momentum and has found favour with employers who like the flexibility as well as IT professionals who seek new challenges and exposure. The newly introduced Personal Employment Pass scheme should also help make contracting a more popular option for IT workers.

Kelly IT Resources

Helpdesk Analyst Degree / Diploma 1-3 Remotely troubleshoot problems through email/telephone by taking over the control users’ terminals via LAN/WAN connections. Plan, coordinate & support business processes, systems & end-users. Handle phone-in & escalation of problems.

2200 3500

Analyst Programmer / Software Engineer

Degree / Diploma 2-5 Design, code & test programmes to support application systems development plan.

3000 5000

Systems / Network Administrator

Degree 2-5 Administer & operate LAN & WAN networks, system management & hardware support.

3500 5500

Business / Systems Analyst Degree 3-5 Perform systems feasibility studies, analysis & design. Translate business rules and requirements into system specs. Work closely with Engineers &Technical Support to resolve customer issues. Provide technical application support to users.

4000 6000

Database Administrator Degree 3-7 Responsible for administration & technical maintenance of the company’s distributed database system.

4000 8000

Technical Consultant Degree 3-6 Track problems & changes. Continuity of ownership & documentation of IT operational problems from occurrence to resolution, including post-resolution analysis. Provide solutions to IT-related service problems.

4000 7000

Software QA/Test Analyst Degree 3-5 Testing, certifying, auditing software products. 3500 6000

Applications Consultant Degree 5-8 To provide functional or technical consulting on the implementation of software applications including ERP, CRM, SCM, PLM, etc. Must have relevant domain knowledge in order to map processes to applications and vice versa.

5000 10000


HUMAN RESOURCES

HR Clerk / Assistant ’O’ levels / Certificate

1-2 General HR admin duties. Maintenance of leave/medical records. Coordinate interviews.

1500 1800

HR Officer / Executive Diploma / Degree 3-6 Active screening & recruitment of staff. Coordinate recruitment ads. Ensure consistent benefits & compensation practice.

2400 4000

Training Executive Diploma / Degree 2-5 Conduct company training programmes. Knowledgeable of commonly used concepts, practices & procedures. Source for external trainers.

2400 4500

Training Manager Degree 5-6 Design, plan & implement training programmes; policies & procedures; and career development programmes.

4200 5800

HR Manager Diploma / Degree 6-10 Design, plan & implement HR policies & procedures. In-charge of recruitment, salary & staff benefits. Performance evaluation. Determine & enforce government regulations. Supervise team of HR executives.

5500 8000

HR has increasingly played a more strategic and business partner role in organizations. Retention, career development, competitive compensation and benefits are some of the areas critical to many organizations today for attracting and retaining good talent. Through this dynamic evolution, we will see greater opportunities for HR practitioners in the attraction, retention and development areas. All HR practitioners will need to strengthen their knowledge particularly in these fields.

78

INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY


Data-warehousing Consultant

Degree 3-8 To develop data-mining techniques, database architecture & production support. Assist administrators and developers.

4500 8000

IT Manager Degree 5-10 Oversee the smooth running of IT systems. Troubleshoot & assist the organisation in any IT matters or problems. Good knowledge of new IT developments in the required fields.

6000 10000

Project Manager Degree 4 Plan, direct & execute project management activities for an area/division. Monitor progress against schedule & project budget. Allocate appropriate resources to deliver project results. Interface between project delivery team and end-users.

6000 10000

Inside Sales Representative Degree / Higher Diploma

3-5 To identify leads and generate sales using telephony and internet technologies.

3500 + commission

6000 + commission

Pre-sales Consultant Degree 3-5 Help in the sales of IT products or services by providing technical support, product demonstration to customers, RFP participation and solution architecting.

5000 +commission

8000 +commission

Account Manager/Sales Manager

Degree 5 Able to build & grow sales for an IT product or services company over a given geography or industry vertical and exceed sales quotas. Identify, qualify & close sales opportunities through prospecting & cross marketing of IT products and services to existing & new customers.

6000 + commission

10000 + commission

Security Consultant Degree 5-7 Technical consultant specialising in IT security technology. Conducts application and system security health-checks, risk assessment, identity & firewall management.

5000 + 8000 +

IT Auditor Degree 5-7 Planning and executing of audits of information systems, platforms and operating procedures, fraud management.

5000 8000

Marketing Manager Degree 5-7 Performs a combination of marketing functions such as channel or product marketing, strategy & business planning, advertising & promotions, lead generation, event management, integrated marketing communications, public relations & corporate communications, market analysis & reporting.

7000 10000

Solutions Architect Degree 5-10 Provides pre and post sales support in an IT vendor environment by developing the technical architecture and design of systems or applications. Provide technical leadership and subject matter expertise in various stages of the sales and project delivery lifecycle.

7000 10000

Web Server Administrator Degree 3-6 A good understanding of Web-based applications with strong Unix/Windows Operating Systems and scripting skills. Technical support of Web/Application servers such as Apache/TomCat/WebSphere/ Weblogic/SunONE, etc.

3500 6000 +

Storage Consultant Degree 3-7 Provides subject matter expertise and technical support on hardware/software requirements of storage products including SAN, NAS, Backup and Recovery, Capacity planning/application sizing, Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery, Operating Systems Administration.

5000 + 10000 +

79

LOGISTICS & WAREHOUSING

OFFICE SUPPORT

Warehouse / Store Assistant / Operations Assistant

’O’ / ‘N’ levels 1-3 Basic warehouse operations. Receiving, picking & packing duties. 1100 1500

Shipping Assistant ‘O’ levels / Certificate

1-3 Prepare shipping documentation. Knowledge of LC/BL. Ensure smooth delivery & handle customers’ enquires. Verification of freight invoices, cycle count, etc.

1300 1800

Warehouse Supervisor ‘O’ / ‘N’ levels 3-5 Manage warehouse operations. Receive, issue, pick & pack. Ensure timely shipment.

1700 2300

Operations Executive Diploma / Degree

2-3 Manage warehouse operations & ensure proper documentation. Plan cargo schedules. Inventory control/management and reconciliation of suppliers’ invoices.

2200 2800

Shipping Supervisor Diploma / Degree

4-5 Organise receiving & issuing of goods. Manage shipping operations & ensure proper documentation. Ensure quantity & quality of goods.

1800 2400

Warehouse Manager Diploma / Degree

4-5 Plan for efficient storage & systematic retrieval. Manage all warehouse activities. Proper upkeep of the store and warehouse. Identify reliable and cost efficient freight forwarders.

3500 5000

Distribution Manager Degree 6-7 Manage ordering & distribution of goods. Ensure timely deliveries to maximise sales. Liaise with the forwarder on the timing of arrival of goods.

4500 6000

2007 will see an increasing trend in hiring capable and well-rounded personnel who can handle receptionist, administrator and basic accounting responsiblities. There has been a great demand in talents like Secretaries, Office Coordinators and Personal Assistants who can handle a diverse portfolio and be an active participant in the company’s growth.

International Plaza Branch

Data Entry Clerk ‘N’ / ‘O’ levels / Certificate

1-2 Data entry. Processing & transmission of data. 1350 1600

Security Officer ‘O’ / ‘A’ levels 3-4 Protect property against fire, theft & illegal entry. Make routine periodic tours around buildings & grounds. Check visitors for proper identification & clearance.

1300 1800

Dispatch cum Office Boy ‘N’ / ‘O’ levels 1-2 Mail delivery & collection. Motorbike & licence required. Run simple errands.

1200 1500

Receptionist / Front Office Assistant

‘N’ / ‘O’ levels / Certificate

1-3 Receive customers. Attend to phone calls. Admin duties. 1400 1800

Personal Driver ‘N’ / ‘O’ levels 2-3 Chauffeur high-ranking management or visitors. Run errands. Good driving record.

1500 + Allowances

2000 + Allowances

Administrative Clerk / Coordinator

‘N’ / ‘O’ levels / Certificate

1-3 Sort & distribute mail. Prepare simple business correspondence & reports. Attend to telephone enquiries & visitors. Filing.

1500 1800

Secretary PSC / Diploma 2-4 Schedule appointments, travel arrangements & attend to callers. Dictation. Relieve officials of clerical work & administrative duties.

2200 3000

Executive Secretary PSC / Diploma 3-5 Support senior management. Take minutes of meetings. Execute routine secretarial assignments.

3000 4500

Administration /Office Manager

Diploma / Degree

4-6 Responsible for office administration & management, i.e. human resources, office lease, property facilities & records. Assigning work to other clerical employees & ensuring conformance to office policies.

3700 5500


Logistics continue to be a key success factor for a company to gain competitive advantage. There is potential growth for 3PLs as more companies move towards out-sourcing this function in anticipation of cost and time reduction and increased geographical coverage. The challenges for Logistics companies are to attract, manage and groom talents who will drive growth in this competitive and growing market.

Jurong Branch

80

SALES, MARKETING & ADVERTISING


Human capital creates and sustains a competitive edge for businesses. Finding the right talent is the biggest challenge most industries face. With a shrinking pool of skilled workforce, companies are spending comprehensive amount of time and effort on the hiring, training and retention process. Developing human capital has become an almost full-time job of managers. Due to this workforce reality, companies are now moving towards outsourcing the various aspects of talent management expertise.

North Branch

Promoter / Retail Assistant ’O’ / ‘N’ levels 1-2 Front line. Counter sales. Promote products in store. 1400 1600

Sales Coordinator ‘O’ / ‘N’ levels 2-3 Coordinate client leads & customer sales. Process sales orders. 1600 2000

Market Researcher Diploma / Degree 2-4 Collect & analyse information to assist in marketing. 2000 2600

Customer Service Executive Diploma / Degree 2-3 Attend to customer enquiries. Service existing customers & their needs. Visit customers when necessary.

2400 3000

Marketing Executive Diploma / Degree 2-4 Marketing of new or existing products and services. Collate market trends for product development. Liaise with ad agencies & suppliers. Production of marketing materials.

2400 3000

Brand / Product Manager Higher Diploma / Degree

3-4 Conceptualise & execute activities for brand positioning. Determine product pricing. Maintain & direct product’s image in the market.

3000 4000

Sales Executive Diploma / Degree 2-3 Lead generation. Sell products & services. Prepare & submit proposals.

2800 3500

Advertising Manager Diploma / Degree 4-5 Develop company’s advertising strategy according to brand/product/corporate policies. Liaise with advertising agencies.

3500 4200

Marketing Manager Higher Diploma / Degree

4-5 Actively plan and implement marketing initiatives. Ensure that all marketing plans are executed.

4500 6000

PR Manager Degree 4-6 Plan & develop communication strategies. Promote complete information flow within the organisation & build positive media & public relations.

4500 6000

Sales Manager Degree 5-7 Plan & manage business strategies. Meet sales targets & quotas. Develop consulting service/product according to market needs. Coordinate activities of sales team. Monitor budget achievement. Prepare forecasts.

5000 7000

81

About Kelly Services®

Kelly Services, Inc. is a Fortune 500 global company with 60 years’ experience in offering staffing solutions that include temporary staffing services, staff leasing, outsourcing, vendor on-site and full-time placement. Kelly owns and operates a network of offices across Asia Pacific, Europe and the Americas. For more information, visit www.kellyservices.com

A Company of Specialists in SingaporeKelly Services has constantly evolved to meet the changing needs of the workplace across various industries; • Banking & Finance • Call Centre • Engineering• Exhibition & Promotions • Healthcare • Hospitality • Industrial • Information Technology • Marketing & Retail • Office • Scientific

About Kelly Information Technology Resources®

Kelly IT Resources is a leading provider of staffing solutions and services to the technology sector. Our services include executive search, advertised selection, permanent and contract IT recruitment. We are a part of Kelly Services, a Fortune 500-listed company and a global staffing industry leader with offices across Asia Pacific, Europe and America. For more information, visit www.kellyit.com

About Kelly Engineering Resources®

Kelly Engineering Resources, a business unit of Kelly Services, has for more than 40 years focused on providing staffing and placement services to a broad spectrum of industries, including aerospace, civil/structural, chemical, electrical/Instrumentation, electronics, environmental, facilities and plant maintenance, manufacturing, marine, mechanical petroleum, pharmaceutical, quality and telecommunications.

Kelly Engineering Resources offers specialised staffing services, including permanent, contract, temporary, onsite and outsourcing. For more information, visit www.kellyengineering.com

About Kelly Scientific Resources®

Kelly Scientific Resources is a highly specialised business unit of Kelly Services. Kelly Scientific Resources leads the world in dedicated scientific and clinical research staffing, providing a full range of scientific specialists from entry level to Ph.D. Our staff of scientists provides scientific staffing to a broad spectrum of industries, including: chemical, cosmetics, food science pharmaceutical, biomedical, consumer products, environmental, medical, clinical, petrochemical, and clinical research. Kelly Scientific Resources recruitment services include permanent placement, executive search, temporary recruitment, temporary to permanent placement, customised consulting or contract services, outsourcing and onsite management. For more information, visit www.kellyscientific.com

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Banking & Finance Branch10 Anson Road #33-08 International Plaza Singapore 079903Tel: (65) 6223 3362 Fax: (65) 6222 3433Email: [email protected]

Call Centre Staffing Branch10 Anson Road #33-13 International PlazaSingapore 079903Tel: (65) 6221 1268 Fax: (65) 6221 1262Email: [email protected]

Career CentreTemasek Polytechnic School of Business Level 3 21 Tampines Avenue 1 Singapore 529757Tel: (65) 6260 0200 Fax: (65) 6260 0233Email: [email protected]

International Plaza Branch10 Anson Road #33-08 International PlazaSingapore 079903Tel: (65) 6223 3362 Fax: (65) 6222 3433Email: [email protected]

Jurong Branch21 Jurong East Street 13 #03-09/10CPF Jurong Building Singapore 609646Tel: (65) 6665 0650 Fax: (65) 6665 0885Email: [email protected]

North Branch490 Lorong 6 Toa Payoh #03-13 HDB HubSingapore 310490Tel: (65) 6738 3455 Fax: (65) 6738 3255Email: [email protected]

Key Accounts Staffing Branch10 Anson Road #26-12 International PlazaSingapore 079903Tel: (65) 6226 3113 Fax: (65) 6226 1788Email: [email protected]

© 2007 Kelly Services 012007

Tampines Branch5 Tampines Central 6 #01-06 TeleparkSingapore 529482Tel: (65) 6260 0220 Fax: (65) 6260 0660Email: [email protected]

Kelly IT Resources7 Temasek Boulevard #27-01A Suntec Tower 1 Singapore 038987Tel: (65) 6337 3900 Fax: (65) 6337 1950Email: [email protected]

Kelly Selection10 Anson Road #33-08 International PlazaSingapore 079903Tel: (65) 6227 2251 Fax: (65) 6222 3433Email: [email protected]

Kelly Scientific Resources7 Temasek Boulevard #27-01ASuntec Tower 1 Singapore 038987Tel: (65) 6334 9393 Fax: (65) 6337 1950Email: [email protected]

Kelly Engineering Resources21 Jurong East Street 13 #03-09/10CPF Jurong Building Singapore 609646Tel: (65) 6665 0650 Fax: (65) 6665 0885

7 Temasek Boulevard #27-01A Suntec Tower 1 Singapore 038987Tel: (65) 6337 3900 Fax: (65) 6337 1950Email: [email protected]

BTI Consultants Pte Ltd9 Temasek Boulevard #23-01Suntec Tower 2 Singapore 038989Tel : (65) 6334 9393 Fax : (65) 6238 7859Email : [email protected]

Supported by

www.kellyservices.com

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Expatriates in Singapore

Website and Magazine of Expat. www.theexpat.com By candid view, Myanmar (Burma) is changing!! (May-2002) Most of Burmese working aboard are unfortunately, not an expatriates in respective country. Burmese aboard might be future Democracy Myanmar (Burma) expatriates. ===================================== Magazine survey of affluent foreigners in Singapore straits Times (2000 Oct) by ANDY HO AFFLUENT foreigners here earn an average of $18,000 a month. Collectively, they rake in $222 million each month. If these expatriates spend just 20 per cent of their income on leisure activities and restaurant bills, that would pump a cool $44 million a month into the local economy. And if the expatriates who responded to a survey commissioned by The Expat magazine are anything to go by, they may well be doing so.In a survey of 500 expatriates from September to October 2001, the local monthly found that 46 per cent of the 200 respondents earned more than $20,000 a month. Only 14 per cent were on local remuneration packages, earning between $5000 and $10,0000 a month. The point is expatriates clearly earn a lot of money in Singapore. And they are not afraid to spend it. "This is a great market niche for anyone who offers products or services within their realm." Where do their dollars go"? For 85 per cent of them, dining out is their favorite leisure activity, with Grand Hyatt Hotel's Mezza and the French restaurant, Les Amis, ranking high on their list of popular places. Almost two-thirds go pub-crawling at least once a week. Harry's and Raffles" Long Bar are their favorites. And like most Singaporeans, a sizable portion – 64 per cent – enjoy shopping. Cold Storage super market is the favorite haunt of 92 per cent. Mobile phone is very popular with expatriates. ===================================== LICK OUT foreign talent and Singapore's economic growth will be about20 per cent less than what it is, said Senior Minister Lee Kuan Yew, citing a study by four 'high-powered'

Foreign talent boosted GDP by 20% in last decade: SM Lee He cites the figure from a Trade and Industry Ministry study to illustrate the importance of retaining foreign workers KICK OUT foreign talent and Singapore's economic growth will be about 20 per cent less than what it is, said Senior Minister Lee Kuan Yew, citing a study by four 'high-powered' economists with the Trade and Industry Ministry. 'They calculated our GDP growth over the last decade - what it would have been with foreign workers and without foreign workers. And there was a difference of

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over 20 per cent in GDP growth,' he said. He could not cite the exact figure because he did not have the study with him, he said at a press conference in Tampines, held at the void deck of an HDB block. Common sense will tell you, he said, 'If we did not have foreign talent, do you think you would have this Singapore?' I initiated the policy and I take full responsibility for it because I knew this was the way to grow the pie.' SM Lee said this when he was asked what he thought of the Singapore Democratic Party's 'Singaporeans First Policy'. Opposition parties have called for the policy on foreign talent to be reviewed. The SDP has even suggested that foreigners be given jobs only if no locals were available to fill them, and that employers retrench foreigners first. Dismissing this suggestion, SM Lee said that if companies here got rid of foreign workers during a downturn, it would damage Singapore's prospects in the long term. No foreigner would want to work here when needed during the good times, if, 'the moment you have a downturn' he is told to get out, and replaced by a Singaporean who is unemployed. 'I think we'll damage our future prospects,' he said. Singapore has grown the way it has because the rules have been what they are, he said. He said newly-retired MP Kenneth Chen, an architect, had told him he employed eight to 10 local architects and two to three from China. Said Mr Lee: 'Without these Chinese architects, he would not be able to do the jobs in China. 'So you sack the Chinese architects, you think you got jobs for your local architects?'' You lose that total work. 'SM Lee also cited the example of Singapore Airlines (SIA), 60 per cent of whose pilots are foreigners. He said: 'You say sack foreigners and keep the Singaporeans when SIA retrenches, when you are short of captains and pilots, who will join you?' You take them on the understanding that you're going to play fair with them.'You don't play fair, your reputation spreads, the next time round you're going to face the problems. 'We're going to fight this, we've taken a stand.....'Before he could finish his sentence, a man in the crowd standing behind the reporters, suddenly shouted out: 'Whatever you say is true!' SM Lee asked him: 'You're from SIA, what do you do there?' The man, who wore a white shirt with the SIA emblem on it, said: 'Engineering. 'SM Lee asked: 'Is this also true for the engineering department? 'He replied: 'Very true.' http://straitstimes.asia1.com.sg/ge/story/0,1870,80740-1020722340,00.html

MARCH 13 Govt adopts open attitude to employing foreign talent MP urges Govt to be more 'vigorous' in opening up public sector to foreigners. We are already doing so, says DPM Lee RECRUIT more foreign talent to run the country, urged Mr Davinder Singh (Bishan-Toa Payoh GRC) yesterday. He noted that while the Government has pushed the private sector to open up to foreign talent, it has not exercised the same vigortowards opening up the public sector. The reasons, he suggested, could be a perception that 'sensitiveissues are best dealt with by those with a stake in the country, and that, therefore, justifies a special immunity for our public institutions'.Some of these fears may be unfounded, he argued. While some highly- sensitive portfolios should remain safeguarded for Singaporeans, other branches of decision-making in social and economic policy canbe opened up. 'Why will there be a security risk if a foreigner is, say, employedas a Deputy Secretary in the Ministry of Education or in the Ministry of Manpower?' he asked. Hiring more foreigners in the civil service would also free up more local talent to 'add fizz' to the private sector. He said that the best and brightest were drawn into public service by the scholarship system. But now that Singapore's institutions were in place, and it has become imperative to energise the private sector, 'we should not continue to divert the flow of quality away from the market'. Foreigners could also bring fresh perspectives to policy issues, said the MP, who is a lawyer.



85

'Not having been brought up in the system, they may not feel shackled by political correctness.'In response, Deputy Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong said the Government has already adopted 'an open attitude towards foreign talent'.'We can find foreigners teaching in our schools and universities, working as policemen and prison officers and in the civil defence. 'We also have architects and technical officers in HDB, nursing officers in the hospitals and IT specialists in IDA,' said DPM Lee.Other examples he cited included statutory boards such as the Government Investment Corporation, the Monetary Authority of Singapore, Economic Development Board (EDB) and the National Science and Technology Board.'EDB, for example, has significant numbers of non-Singaporeans but they work as an EDB team and they promote Singapore as fervently and as vigorously as the Singaporeans. And, in fact, they give us a run for our money,' he said.In fact, many foreigners have gone on to grow roots here, said DPM Lee, citing examples such as Chief Statistician Paul Cheung, from Hongkong, and Trade and Industry Permanent Secretary Khaw Boon Wan, from Malaysia.'So, I think that is the approach we should take - bring in eclectically, integrate them as part of our team and for the best of them ... encourage them to be citizens and then they rise up in our core group,' he concluded. http://straitstimes.asia1.com.sg/mnt/html/webspecial/budget/budget0313h.html Photos from Singapore-Malaysia 2nd Link Bridge Run =============== End...........

Expat Magazine from Singapore (Aug-07) Shanhai City view



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pmtkyftnGef; (2007)

vGefcJ hwJ h ESpfaygif; 70 avmufu a';umeuf*sD qdkwJ hvl&J @ How to win friends and influence people pmtkyfeJ @ oifwef;awG urBmudk vSKyfcgcJ hzl;ygw,f? tJ 'D acwfu ukefoGm;ygjyD? tck tifwmeuf/ uGefjyLwm/ tEkjrL acwf ouU&mZf 2000 ywf0ef;usifrSmawmh tar&duefu ygarmuQ pwDAifudkaA; Steven R Covey &J h usifhpOf 7 yg; pmtkyfeJ @ oifwef;awG[m aumfydk&dwf eJ @ acwfopf vl@abmifudk awmfawmfvSKyf&Sm;apygw,f? omrefvltzdk@awmh “tusifhw&m; 7 ESpfyg;” teuf ukd,frSm tusifh (tqifh 3) uwufzdk@ renf;=udK;pm;ae&ygw,f? tusifhw&m; 7 yg;uawmh -

Habit 1: Be Proactive Habit 2: Begin with the End in mind Habit 3: Put First Things First Habit 4: Think Win Win Habit 5: Seek Frist to Understand, Then to be understood Habit 6: Synergize Habit 7: Sharpen the Saw

1? arG;vmuwnf;u touft&G,fi,fpOfrSm Dependence qdkwJ h rdb/ q&mrsm;udk rSDcdk&if; =uD;vm&w,f? tvkyfcGifxJ a&mufoGm;wJ htcsdefrSmawmh Independence qdkwJ h rdrdudk,fudk tm;udk;&wJ h b0a&mufoGm;w,f? =udK;pm;&if; tawG@t=uHK/ rdwfaqGaumif;/ &mxl;/ ypPnf;OpPmawG &vmwJ htcgrSmawmh udk,fwa,mufwnf;&yfwnfvdk@ r&awmhbl;qdkwm odvmw,f? olrsm;awGtay: jyefvnfrSDcdk&wJ h Inter-dependence qdkwJ h b0 (vlydef;pum;eJ @qdk&if vltrsm;udk acgif;aqmif/ vrf;nGefolb0) udk a&mufapvdkwJ h usifhpOfrsm;udk t"du a&;om;xm;ygw,f? 2? 'kwd,tcsufuawmh vlb0qdkwm bmvJ qdkwmudk vlom;rsdK;EG,fquf Legacy ta=umif;aocsma&;jyxm;ygw,f? bma=umifh touf&Sifae&ovJ qdkwmudk om;orD;&Sdolrsm;udk ar;=unfh&if olwdk@om;orD;awGtwGuf touf&Sifae&w,f vdk@ trsm;tm;jzifhajz=ur,f? vlysdK/ tysdK=uD;rsm;uvnf; wl/ wlr/ rdwfaqG rsm;twGuf aumif;&maumif;a=umif;av;awG vkyfoGmcsif=uwmudk a&;xm;ygw,f? csrf;om=uG,f0/ &mxl;=uD;/ vlav;pm; cH&rS vl@b0ae&=udK;eyfr,f qdkwJ h t,ltqudk xuf b0udk auseyfpGm aexdkifa&;twGuf vrf;jyay;ygw,f?

Page 1 of 57 habits - Myanmar

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udk,fpGrf;aqmifedKifwJ h t&mawGudkyJ taumif;qHk; jyD;ajrmufatmif/ ae@pOfvkyfaqmifoGm;a&;udk a&;xm;ygw,f?



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ta&;=uD;qHk;uawmh tcsdeftoHk;cswwfrSK Time Management ta=umif;udk txl;jyKa&;xm;ygw,f? usifhpOftrSwf 3 uawmh Habit 3: Put First Things First ygyJ ? “tm;*sifh r[kwfaomfvnf; ta&;=uD;” wJ h ZHkeHygwf 2 Quardrant II tvkyfawGudk tcsdefrsm;rsm;ay;vkyfaqmifzdk@yg? tpGrf;tp jrifhrm;olawGuawmh udk,fhtcsdef&J h 60 rS 65 &mESHK;avufudk tJ h'D Quardrant II twGuf tcsdefay;=uygw,f? omrefvlawGuawmh 15 &mESHk;avmufyJ tcsdefay;=uw,f? tcsdeftusdK;&SdpGm b,fvdk toHk;csa&;ta=umif;udk a&;xm;ygw,f?

pwDAifudkaA;[m 2007 ckESpfrSm touf 75 ESpf t&G,fqdkayrJ h/ oif=um;ydk@csaumif;wHk;ygyJ ? ol@&J h 'Dpmtkyf[m 1989 ckESpfu pwifxkwfa0cJ hjyD; ,ck 2000 ckESpfausmfumvawGrSm 'Doifwef;awGudk ukrR%D=uD;awG&J h refae*smawGudk rwufrae& ydk@cscH&ygw,f? jrefrmjynf "er*~Zif;rSm 1999 eJ @ 2000 ckESpfrSm pma&;q&m atmifapmjzLu bmomjyef tcef;qufaqmif;yg;rsm; a&;cJ hjyD;ygjyD? rl&if;pmtkyfu av;av;yifyifeJ @ xlxJ wma=umifh ayghayghyg;yg; zwf&atmif pwDAifukdaA;&J h om;jzpfol qif; udkaA; &J h The Seven Habits of Highly Effective Teen udk bmomjyefcJ hwmyg? pma&;q&m ausmf0if;uvnf; om;a&$O qdkjyD; jrefrmrsm; em;vnfvG,fatmif jrefrmrSK xyfrHjyKcJ hygw,f? Sharpen the Saw: Principles of Balanced Self-Renewal udkay:vGifapwJ h cEWmudk,f/ pdwf/ ESvHk;om; eJ @ 0dnmef 4 csufudk vG,fulatmif &Sif;jyxm;ygw,f?



89

pdwf0ifpm;p&maumif;wJ h tusifhw&m; tjrpfwG,fvmyHkav;udk pwDAifudkaA;[m puf0dkif; 3 ck jzwfjywJ h tv,fae&mav;eJ @ Oyrmay;oGm;ygw,f? bmtusifhyJ jzpfyap Knowledge, Skill and Desire qdkwJ h tcsuf3 csuf pkaygif;jyD;rS tjrpfwG,fvmygw,f? aumif;wJ h tusifhawGudk vkyf,lzdk@ awmfawmfcufayrJ h raumif;wJ h tusifhawGu vG,fygw,f?



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ygarmuQ pwDAifudkaA; a&;wJ h pmtkyfawG awmfawmfrsm;ygw,f? tusifhw&m; 7 yg; pmtkyf&J h tqufjzpfwJ h “eHygwf 8 tusihfw&m;” (The 8th Habit) “udk,fta=umif;ukd,fodjyD; olrsm;awGudk em;vnfjcif;” qdkwJ h pmtkyfudk 2004 rSm xkwfa0ygw,f? udk,fusifhw&m; 7 yg;udk &SmazGzwf&Sk&ef jrefrmvkd bmomjyefpmtkyfudk tifwmeufpmrsufESm www.mingalaronline.net/7habits.htm rSm a'gif;vkyf =unfhedKifygw,f?

rSwfcsuf? pwDAif udkaA;. 7 habits oifwef;rsm;rSm tar&duefedKifiH/ ukrR%D=uD;rsm;. vufpGJ jzpfygonf? pifumyledKifiHwGifvnf; ae&Sife,f wGif vlaygif; axmifESifhcsDjyD; pwDAifudkaA;udk,fwdkif ydk@csoGm;cJ honf? oifwef;a=u;rSm a':vm 5000 ay;&onf? xdkoifwef;wwfolrsm;onf pifumyl&Sd rdrdwdk@ ukrR%DwGif wzefjyefvnf ydk@csygonf? ,ck a&;om;csufrSm pifumyl&SdqD;rD;uGef'ufwmukrR%D wGif pDeD,m tif*sifeD,mtxuf tqifh 0efxrf;rsm; rwufrae& oifwef;rSm ydk@csaomtcsuftvufrsm;udk rSD;xm;ygonf?

Download (0.5MB Burmese version books) www.mingalaronline.net/education/library/7habits-myanmar.pdf

Date: 7-7-2007



91

Supporting Company and Society

Date: 3rd Nov 2007Time: 4pmLocation: Peninsula Plaza

#06-34, 6th StoryTMC Education Group

Speakers1. Thin Film – Silicon Industry

by Phone NaingChartered Semiconductor Mfg

2. CP15 – Code of Practiceby San San MyaParsons Parsons Brinckerhoff

3. Construction Electricalby Maung NuKoh Brothers Civil & Engg.

4. Marine, Oil & Gas Automationby Pye Nyunt / Myint TweHamworthy

5. Market Marine by John Rao

&nf&G,fcsufrsm;1? tif*sifeD,m vkyfief;cGif tawG ht=uHK

zvS,fjcif; ESifh awG hqHkjcif;2? Tvkyf&SmazGol jrefrmtif*sifeD,mrsm;

jrefrmtvkyfaps;uGufudk avhvmjcif;3? pdwf0ifpm;olrsm; vkyfief;cGif tawG ht=uHK

zvS,fjcif;rsm; qufvufvkyf&ef tm;ay;jcif;

Engineering Job Seminar (2nd in 2007)

Objective 1. Knowledge sharing and friendship building among

Burmese Engineers2. Job market opportunities / status for Burmese

Engineers (targeted to young engineers)3. Depending on response, continue to organize such

activities from time to time.

jzpfajrmufa&;wm0efcHrsm;1? udkaZ,smvif;atmif/ udktkwfpdkvdS Kif/ rpkjrwfat;/ rjyHK;omjrifh/

udkbkef;edKif/ rrsdK;jrwfoD/ OD;aZmfatmif (Chartered Seminconductor Mfg)2? OD;,kcif/ OD;vS=unf/ a':pef;pef;jr/ OD;usif&Sdef/

tulnDay;olrsm;r*Fvm tifwmeuf (MingalarOnline.net)/r,Of,Ofprf;/ udkref;ausmf/ udkajynGef h/udkausmfpdk;/ OD;wifxGef;

Date: 3rd Nov 2007Time: 4pmLocation:

Peninsula Plaza#06-34, 6th Story

TMC Education Group

Phone Naing / Htain Lynn 3rd Nov 2007

Semiconductor Industry

• IC Manufacturing, start with silicon wafer – many department Implant, Thin Film (CVD, PVD), Etch, Clean Tech are involved.

• Thin Film is to deposit metal layers (Metalization)


Endura, Novellus INOVA, SABRE system

CDO, Centura DxZ, HDP, Producer, WJ System


Thin Film (Training Sample)

Target Audience•Process/Equipment/TD/Yield Engineers who have > 6 months experience •Process/Equipment/TD/Yield AEs who have >12 months experience •Manufacturing/Process/Equipment/TD Engineers working in Thin Film who have > 3 months experience •Manufacturing/Process/Equipment/R&D/ AEs working in Thin Film who have > 6 months experience

Workshop Outline •Definition of film and chemical vapour deposition •Criteria for film systems •Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) rate model •Thin film growth model •Types of CVD systems •Structure of CVD film •Properties of CVD film •Types of thin films


Job market of Silicon Industry1. Wafer Fab , Assembly IC eg. CSM, TECH, STM, SSMC, Infineon, STATS chip pac, UMC …etc.2. Equipment & spare part suppliers eg. Applied Material, Lam Research, KLA, TEL, HP, DISCO, Varian …etc3. Material suppliers SONY, BASF, SOXAL, MITSUI Chemical, Siltronic, Integris ..etc

Maung Nu, 3-Nov-2007

Electrical Engineering & Installation for the Construction Industry

As an Electrical Engineer at construction Industry you should know the followings at least.( 1 ) Co-ordinated combine services drawing and shop drawing.( 2 ) Electrical single line diagram & general arrangement of panel ( GA ).( 3 ) Site co-ordination and sequences of construction.( 4 ) Statutory requirement and code of practices.( 5 ) Safety for yourself & others.


Co-ordinated combine services drawing and shop drawing.

For all construction ( factories , plants , high raise building , shopping mall , condo , etc ) should have combine services drawing before start actual construction. Because they have so many services together to install such lighting, power , ACMV , process piping, special equipments , fire protection , communication and etc.

For all services to install at the same area & elevation (level , storey) showing at same drawing is call combine service drawing ( CSD ).

To understand the CSD you should have some experiences & knowledge of drawings.


The CSD have Grid line reference to locate the particular location.

The CSD have the Legends to identify the elements.The CSD have the Elevation , Reference Level ( RL ) to define

the level , storey . Mostly the CSD are developed using by AutoCAD , Micro

stations.AutoCAD CSD are can co-ordinate on drawing about 60 to 70

percent only because of lack in elevation showing.Micro stations CSD are can coordinate on drawing 80 to 90

percent because of 3D showing.Checked the project specification and develop the following

shop drawing accordingly.


Shop drawing is for the detail of localised and specific installation.Equipments layout drawing.

Opening layout drawing.Cable routing layout drawing.cable ladder / tray routing layout drawing.Cable scheduleCable termination loop drawing and etc.

You should have final & approved equipment layout drawing include consideration of area classification ( explosive area ).

Base on equipment layout drawing you should be develop the cable routing drawing.

Base on equipment layout & cable routing drawing you should develop opening layout ( floor & wall ) drawing.

Base on equipment layout & cable routing drawing you should develop cable ladder / tray /trucking drawing.

After that to develop cable schedule & cable termination loop drawing.All drawing must be endorsed by Professional Engineer and submit to

project consultant for approval.


Electrical single line diagram & general arrangement of panel( GA ).

For all the Electrical installation at construction should havesingle line drawing & GA drawing.

Single line drawing for lighting & small power distribution panel ( DB ) , motor control centre ( M.C.C ) and switch gear , etc are showing for electrical power distribution & protection consists of bus-bar , circuit breaker , relay , meter , cable , connected loads and etc.

For every project every single load ( motor , light , lift , control panel , switch socket outlet ( SSO ) , equipment ) must be shown in single line drawing.

The single line drawing must be check and endorsed by Professional Engineer ( PE ) and submit to project consultant to get approval for construction.


As an electrical you should know about single line drawing are the following.

Cable sizing & cable selection.Circuit breaker sizing & selection.Protection relay.Motor starter selection.Bus bar sizing & selection and etc.

Approved single line drawing should be issue to switch board supplier contractor for them to develop the switch board generalarrangement ( GA ) drawing.

As an electrical you should know about general arrangement ( GA ) drawing and check against project specification, such as (form 4 or form 3 , thickness of panel material , etc )

The switch board general arrangement ( GA ) drawing must be check and endorsed by Professional Engineer ( PE ) and submit to project consultant for approval.


Site co-ordination and sequences of construction

This topic is wide range and very arguable.Now at the construction industry so many Myanmar Engineer

are working as Electrical Engineer , Mechanical Engineer, M & E Engineer , M & E co-ordinator , M&E Supervisor.

The job nature is dirty , dangerous and under pressure.To be done for the successfully site coordination must be deal

withProject Manager.M&E Manager.Structural Engineer.Civil Site Manager.Civil Site Engineer.Architectural coordinator.Consultant ( Clark of Works ).Consultant ( Resident Engineer ).Sub-contractors and etc.


The early start for site works is for Electrical earth of lightning , electrical system earth and instrumentation earth , to get these start from pilling re-bar or underground structural re-bar make it bounding for electrically continuity up to require height.

Any concrete casting must be check and make sure to provide thecast-in items ( conduit , opening box-up , plinth and etc ) correctly and in time.

Check the space provided for electrical items to install are wide enough or not and must be requested for enough & correct location before the concrete casting.

After finished the structural works have to coordinate with other services for your electrical items installation base on approved CSD and shop drawing.

Every installation must be call for inspection in time by consultant or owner depend on project.

You have to control your sub-contractor , your supervisor , direct workers and material / equipments properly in order to carried out your installation successfully.

All these job are involve with human relationship , so prepare to be extra patience for your job successful.


Statutory requirement and code of practices

As an Electrical Engineer at construction industry you should know the following Singapore government statutory requirement and code of practices.

The legal requirements under the Workplace Safety and Health ( General Provisions ).

Section 15 ( 1 ) All electrical installation and equipments shall be(a) Well constructed and made of good material;(b) Free from defects:(c) Used and maintained in accordance with the generally

accepted principles of sound and safe practice.

Section 20 ( 2 ) All practicable measure shall be taken to protect workers against the risk of electrical shock arising from or in connection with the use of any electrical installation or equipments.


Some of legal requirements under the Workplace Safety and Health( Construction ) regulations are follows

Regulation 30 ( 1 ) Where electrical appliances and current carrying equipment have provisions made for earthing , they shall be properly earthed.

Regulation 31 It shall be the duty of occupier of a worksite to ensure thateffective residual current circuit breakers shall be install for all temporary electrical installations to provide earth leakage protection.

Regulation 31. It shall be the duty of occupier of a worksite to ensure thatovercurrent current protective devices with the appropriate rating shall be install in distribution boards to provide overcurrent or short-circuit protection.

Regulation 31. For electrical installations and equipments used underground or in a confined space, the electricity supply for lighting and electric hand-held tools shall be provided by means of a step-down transformer having a secondary voltage not exceeding 110 volts centre point earth and electric hand-held tools & inspection lamps and lights shall be operated at a voltage not exceeding 55 volts between the conductor and earth.

Container Passenger Ship Tug Boat

Tanker (Crude Oil)

Marine Automation & Instrumentation Control

Ship Engine RoomIn a ship, an engine room is where the main engine(s), generators, compressors, pumps, fuel/lubrication oil purifiers and other major machinery are located.

Engine rooms are hot, noisy, sometimes dirty, and potentially dangerous. The presence of flammable fuel, high voltage (HV) equipment and internal combustion engines (ICE) means that a serious fire hazard exists in the engine room, which is monitored continuously by the ships engineering staff and various monitoring systems.

Control Panel

Inert Gas System IGSEspecially for crude oil tanker, Oil & Gas ship need explosive and safety requirement. Those oil tanks need to install IGS system

System Composition

Boiler Control A boiler is a closed vessel in which water or other fluid is heated. The heated or vaporized fluid exits the boiler for use in various processes or heating applications

For small ship, Boiler is for heating purpuse.

Large ship is for Steam Turbine or Steam Turbine to move the ship and to generate electrical power.

Control System for Boiler Automatic Conbursting Control ACCFuel – Air control

Steam Turbine

A Steam turbine is a mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from pressurized steam, and converts it into useful mechanical work.

Only large vessel (100,000 tons) has steam turbine which are used to drive ship and generate electrical power.

Control SystemMostly high temp, high pressure alarm and trip device are critical. Rotation control, speed detector, displacement sensor are important too.

Note:Steam pressure is 80Kg and temperature is 1000 deg C. Safety is most important

Oil Discharge Monitor (ODM)Water discharge into sea must be clean. Internation law require to install “oil detection system” to install on every ship. Oily Water Seperator

Seperation of oil from water before discharge from ship to sea

Refinery (Oil and Gas Industry)Oil Rig

Oil Rig and RefineryPLC, DCS, Instrumentation and Control.

A programmable logic controller (PLC), or programmable controller is a digital computer used for automation of industrial processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly linesA distributed control system (DCS) refers to a control system usually of a manufacturing system, process or any kind of dynamic system, in which the controller elements are not central in location (like the brain)

PLC & DCS illustration

Fishing - Color Scanning Sonar, Color Plotter, Doppler Current Meter, Fish Finder, Ocean Information Display

Navigation - ARPA Radar, Marine Radar, Integrated Navigation System, ECDIS, AIS, VDR, GPS/DGPS, Echo Sounder

Communication - GMDSS, AIS, Inmarsat, SSB Radiophone, VHF/UHF Radiophone, Weather FAX

Marine Navitation System

Pneumatics the use of pressurized air to effect mechanical motion. Normal pressure is ~5 bar. Use the tube, cylinder, valve, connector, actuator, air control unit..etc.

HydraulicIt is high pressure oil. Especially –control for hugh valve, lifting crane are operated by hydaulic system. Control system also same as Pneumatic.

Some of the Marine Instrument Company and Shipyards in Singapore

Instrument Automation Companies

www.thegreenbook.com

Plenty of Control Companies

Question & Answer


The following code of practice are important to know.CP 88 Code of practice for temporary electrical installation.CP5 Code of practice for electrical installation.CP16 Code of practice for electrical earthing.CP 33 Code of practice for lightning protection and etc.

Another Authority requirement is by Energy Market Authority( EMA )

To turn-on electrical power supply ( 1 ) 45 KW and below must be by License Electrical Worker

( LEW ) Electrician Grade.( 2 ) 150 KW and below must be by License Electrical Worker

( LEW ) Technician Grade.( 3 ) 150 KW above must be by License Electrical Worker ( LEW )

Engineer Grade.


Safety for yourself & others.

At the construction site you should know and follow the respective project in-house safety rule & regulation.

Some of the following are construction site safety rule & regulation.

(1) All first join workers must be conduct the safety orientationby safety department.

(2) Every day before start work to be conduct the tool boxmeeting.

(3) Before start any works must be submit the method of statement and risk assessments to respective department and explained to the all level of workers. (4) Make sure the required Personal Protective Equipment

( PPE ) to be issued to all level of workers.


Some other basic safety requirements are also need to know and follow.1. Should not be done any modification work or installation work at the

live electrical panels.Worker working at above 2 meter height must wear safety belts and etc.Start from 1st March 2006 the Workplace Safety and Health Act legislation is effect.

General penalties for offences for the individual maximum fine up to S$ 200,000 , imprisonment 2 years or both.

For workers failure to use PPE or misuse of any safety appliance maximum fine is S$ 1000. For more info can find at MOM web site.www.mom.gov.sg.com.So finally I want to highlight to all of you please be take care safety for yourself and others.

Thanks you.Maung NuElectrical EngineerMarina Barrage ProjectKoh Brothers Building and Civil Engineering Contractor Pte Ltd.


Q & A

Thanks you

Maung NuElectrical EngineerMarina Barrage ProjectKoh Brothers Building and Civil Engineering Contractor Pte Ltd.

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