seminar on csp technology
TRANSCRIPT
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CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER(CSP)
SUMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:Mr. JAINA RAM Banwari LalAsst. Professor & Head Roll No.-EE110006Department of Electrical Engg. B.TECH. 4TH YEARPRATAP UNIVERSITY
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CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION2. CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER3. PARABOLIC TROUGH4. SOLAR POWER TOWER5. STIRLING DISH6. PHOTOVOLTAICS7. PV SYSTEM8. ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES9. STORAGE METHODS10. WHY INDIA NEED CSP
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INTRODUCTION
• Solar power is the conversion of sunlight into electricity, either directly using photovoltaics (PV), or indirectly using concentrated solar power (CSP).
• Concentrated solar power systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam.
• Photovoltaics convert light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.
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CONCENTRATED SOLAR POWER
Concentrating Solar Power systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam.
The concentrated heat is then used as a heat source for a conventional power plant. A wide range of concentrating technologies exists; the most developed are the parabolic trough , the concentrating linear Fresnel reflector, the Stirling dish and the solar power tower.
Various techniques are used to track the Sun and focus light. In all of these systems a working fluid is heated by the concentrated sunlight, and is then used for power generation or energy storage. Thermal storage efficiently allows up to 24 hour electricity generation.
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PARABOLIC TROUGH A parabolic trough consists of a linear parabolic reflector
that concentrates light onto a receiver positioned along the reflector's focal line. The receiver is a tube positioned right above the middle of the parabolic mirror and is filled with a working fluid.
The reflector is made to follow the Sun during the daylight hours by tracking along a single axis. Parabolic trough systems provide the best land-use factor of any solar technology.
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SOLAR POWER TOWER
A solar power tower uses an array of tracking reflectors (heliostats) to concentrate light on a central receiver atop a tower . These are more cost effective, offer higher efficiency
and better energy storage capability among CSP technologies.
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STIRLING SOLAR DISH
• The Stirling concentrating dish solar dish combines a parabolic with a Stirling engine which normally drives an electric generator.
• The advantages of Stirling solar over pv cells are higher efficiency of converting sunlight into electricity & longer lifetime. Parabolic dish systems give the highest efficiency among CSP technologies. The 50 kW Big Dish in Canberra, Australia is an example of this technology.
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8
Commercial CSP
Parabolic Trough
Central Tower
Dish Stirling Fresnel Collector
• Temp~400°C
• Line Focusing
• Linear Receiver tube
• Water consuming
• Conc.: Parabolic Mirrors
• Heat Storage feasible
• Most Commercialized
• Good for Hybrid option
• Requires flat land
• Good receiver η but low
turbine η
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5/16/20119
Commercial CSP
Parabolic Trough
Central Tower
Dish Stirling Fresnel Collector
• Temp~600-800°C
• Point Focusing
• Flat Conc. Mirrors
• Commercially proven
• Central Receiver
• Water consuming
• Heat Storage capability
• Feasible on Non Flat sites
• Good performance for large
capacity & temperatures
• Low receiver η but good
turbine η
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Commercial CSP
Parabolic Trough
Central Tower
Dish Stirling Fresnel Collector
• Temp~700-800°C
• Point Focusing
• Uses Dish concentrator
• Stirling Engine
• Generally 25 kW units
• High Efficiency ~ 30%
• Dry cooling
• No water requirement
• Heat storage difficult
• Commercially under
development
• Dual Axis Tracking
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• Temp~400°C
• Line Focusing type
• Linear receiver
• Fixed absorber row
shared among
mirrors
• Flat or curved conc.
mirrors
• Commercially under
development
• Less Structures
• 5 MW operational in
CA
Commercial CSP
Parabolic Trough
Central Tower
Dish Stirling Fresnel Collector
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PHOTOVOLTAICS
12
A solar cell, or photovoltaic cell (PV), is a device that converts light into electric current using the photoelectric effect.
Solar cells produce direct current (DC) power which fluctuates with the sunlight's
. For practical use this usually requires conversion to certain desired voltages or alternating current (AC), through the use of inverters.
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PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM Multiple solar cells are connected inside modules. Modules
are wired together to form arrays, then tied to an inverter, which produces power at the desired voltage, and for AC, the desired frequency/phase
Many residential systems are connected to the grid wherever available, especially in developed countries with large markets.
In these grid-connected PV systems, use of energy storage is optional. In certain applications such as satellites, lighthouses, or in developing countries, batteries or additional power generators are often added as back-ups. Such stand-alone power systems permit operations at night and at other times of limited sunlight.
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PV modules for domestic purposes
PV Array
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OFF GRID PV SYSTEM
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WHAT TYPE OF LIGHT IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE ?I. There are seven types of lights in the sunlight :- VIBGYOR
• Violet • Indigo • Blue • Green • Yellow• Orange• Red The solar panel works best in the red
light whereas it works the poorest in violet light and medium in the green light.
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SOLAR POWER-ADVANTAGES
Solar energy is a completely renewable resource. Solar cells make absolutely no noise at all. Solar energy creates absolutely no pollution. Very little maintenance is required to keep solar cells
running. Solar panels and solar lighting may seem quite
expensive when you first purchase it, but in the long run you will find yourself saving quite a great deal of money
Solar powered panels and products are typically extremely easy to install.
As our oil reserves decline, it is important for us to turn to alternative sources for energy.
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CAN WE STORE SOLAR POWER?
Solar energy is not available at night. Storing energy is an important issue in order to get continuous supply of power.
Solar energy can be stored at high temperatures using molten salts. Salts are an effective storage medium as the cost low having specific heat capacity.
Off grid systems use recharges batteries to store excess electricity that can be sent to transmission grid.
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Advantages
resemble traditional power plants generation based on steam and is large scale use standard equipment for power generation
can be built in small sizes and added to as needed can achieve high steam operating temperatures, allowing more efficient power generation capable of combined heat and power generation
steam for absorption chillers, industrial process heat, desalination
Non-carbon emitting power generation incorporates storage
storage not major part of generation cost size of steam power plant that lacks storage does not
have to be increased when storage added added storage cost effective if energy sold at peak
hours allows generation to match utility load profile can be hybridized with intermittent renewables
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Disadvantages
high upfront capital costs for concentrators and storage
require unscattered “direct normal” solar radiation, thus limiting where CSP plants can be located
desert areas are best (but also arid)
require cooling, as with any steam power plant, creating a requirement for water or air cooling water limitations may necessitate air cooling in many
locations, with penalty in capital cost, generating efficiency and
energy cost
require large surface areas for placement of concentrators
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OTHER APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR ENERGY
1.Concentrated solar power
2. Photovoltaic3. Solar vehicles4. Solar heater 5. Solar cooker
6.Passive solar energy7. Satellites and
spacecrafts8.Small appliances like
calculator 9. Remote Sensing
10. Emergency Roadside Telephones
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Why India Needs CSP Indian Energy scenario Global trends Climate Change Action Plan
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Electricity fuel mix
29th July 2009ASSOCHAM South Asia Renewable
Energy Conference, New Delhi
71%
7,231 MW
29%
2,944 MW
Other RE
WindTotal installed capacity as on 31.3.2009 is 148265.4
78% 90%
9,755 MW
10%
1,141 MW
Other RE
Wind
10,897 MW23%
Hydro
RES34%
Nuclear3%
Gas10%
Diesel1%
Coal52%
RES Gas Nuclear Diesel Coal
39,222 MW
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Energy supply
Coal Major energy source.
Biomass Primary source of cooking energy in >
80% rural households. Electricity
All India average shortage ~ 11.6 % Peak Load supply shortage ~ 15 % Base Load supply shortage ~ 9 %
Energy security concern Around 75 % of the petroleum supply is
imported Even coal is being imported
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…Energy supply
Poor electrification status 78 million households (44%) in the country do
not have access to electricity 1,25,000 villages are un-electrified Electricity supply situation is generally poor in
even electrified villages
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Estimated growth in electricity generation capacity (2006-2031)
0
200000
400000
600000
800000
1000000
1200000
2006 2011 2016 2021 2026 2031
Ins
tall
ed
Ca
pa
cit
y (
MW
)
7% GDP growth
8% GDP growth
Source: Planning Commission, 2005
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Energy mix under alternative scenarios
Percentage distribution of primary commercial energy supply-2031
0
20
40
60
80
100
Reference Evolution Resolution Ambition
Scenarios
%
Coal Natural Gas Oil Hydro Nuclear Renewables
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National Solar Mission
Proposed targets 20 GW by 2020 100 GW by 2030 or 10-12% of total power
generation capacity estimated for that year 4-5GW of installed solar manufacturing
capability by 2017
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Global investments in renewable energy
Source: REN21, 2009
Bill
ion
Dol
lars
Investments in solar PV 32% (US$38.4 billion)
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Solar Resource in India
5 trillion kWh/year theoretical potential Sunny areas
Most of the country receives more than 4kWh/m2 /day
More than 300 sunny days in the most part of the country
Potential being mapped by IMD, and few other institutes.
IMD, MNRE has published solar energy resource handbook
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Solar radiation map of India
If one percent of the land is used to harness solar energy for electricity generation at an overall efficiency of 10%; 492 x 106 MU/year electricity can be generated
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Government initiatives
GBI (Generation Based incentives) for Solar power projects (2008)
Solar Mission under National Action Plan for Climate Change
GBIs and incentive schemes from state governments
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CSP worldwide
More than 10 different technology combinations
More than 400MW installed capacity More than 8GW installed capacity
projects announced
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Role India can play
Global hub for manufacturing CSP Global test facilities
Different climatic conditions Abundant sunlight Technical man power
Large scale Power plants 4-5 GW by 2020 is easily possible Rajasthan, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Karnataka,
MP, Haryana , Tamilnadu, AP potential states
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What India should do
Government Back up the plans with realistic and strong
policy push Solar plants and manufacturing base
development Low cost financing and fiscal incentives
Industry Move fast to develop manufacturing capability Develop R & D base Appropriate technology adaptation
Financing and insurance institutions Low cost financing Risk mitigation instruments for solar plants
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Suggestions to move forward
Strong long term policy initiative Support to various promising
technologies Cost should not be barrier in initial projects
National Plan for large scale solr power development Solar Park concept Solar CSP test facilities in atleast two
locations Incentives for industries to develop sub-
components (e.g.mirrors, Coatings, Structures)
Indigenous technology development
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Suggestions to move forward
Long term low cost finance for capital investments
RE targets for Distribution agencies can be enhanced
RE targets for industries, Gencos?
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29th July 2009ASSOCHAM South Asia Renewable
Energy Conference, New Delhi
Be the change you want to see in the world
A technological society has two choices. First it can wait until catastrophic failures expose systemic deficiencies, distortion and self-deceptions…
Secondly, a culture can provide social checks and balances to correct for systemic distortion prior to catastrophic failures.
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QUERIES!
Thank you