seminar on trends in education general and nursing

7/28/2019 Seminar on Trends in education general and nursing

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SEMINAR ON

TRENDS IN GENERAL

AND

NURSING EDUCATION

SUBMITTED TO

Mrs.THANKAMANI V K

SUBMITTED BY ASST.PROFESSOR

KRISHNA M M GOVT.COLLEGE OF NURSING

FIRST YEAR MSC NURSING


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INTRODUCTION

The changes that are occurring in the social and cultural life of the society as a

result of the impact of advancements in the science based technology are

broadly described as modernisation .Since education is a multi-polar process, it

is influenced by the modernisation in different Ways. Due to globalisation and

liberalisation, changes occuring in other parts of the world will also influence

the education pattern of a country. Even though certain aspects in the new

trends are painful to those who view education as a noble Process' they are

irresistible in the current context. Let us see some of the current trends in

education.

Nursing education is a sizzling hot topic. The whole profession of nursing is

under the microscope, as hundreds of experts and stakeholders study where

nursing fits in and where it's going in the era of healthcare reform. However, the

foundation of any profession, including nursing, is how its newest members are

educated.

TRENDS IN GENERAL EDUCATION

1. PaedocentricStudent is the focus of present day education system

The interest shifted from the subject matter to the student and the teaching-

learning process is largely directed by the nature and needs of the learner. This

basic shift in emphasis from the subject of instruction to the nature and needs of

the learner is based on the mathetic principle .The term mathetics derived from

the Greek word mathetin which means to learn . Mathetics is the science of

behaviour of the pupil undergoing the process of learning 'Mathetics is in

contrast to pedagogy whose main interest is in the behaviour of the teacher

while instructing pupils. The teacher today does not consider the child as a

vessel waiting to be filled up with facts; nor as a pliable plastic material which

can be transformed into any shape enabling him to project his ideas on it. The

modern teacher considers each child as akin to a plant and helps the child to

grow according to his abilities and aptitudes. Teacher helps the child to learn

.Progressive educationists like Rousseay, Pestalozzi, Froebel, Montessori and

others have contributed to the development of a child centre education. As a

result education has become more interested in the whole child, all the thoughts,


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feeling and actions of the individual pupil, in his mental and social development

rather than presenting some information to him in a in a ready-made form. In

accordance with this trend the student is motivated to participate actively in the

teaching-learning process. This way of teaching by eliciting ,maximum student

participation is called participatory approach teaching.

2.Teachers Role

The shift in emphasis from the teacher to the pupil in the process of education

and carrying out of instructional activities with the realisation of specific and

clear cut learning outcomes has inevitably led to a reassessment of teachers role

in the class room .The model of teacher as the pivotal and dominant figure in

education, presenting a variety of information to pupils has practically

disappeared .Modern education transformed the teachers role from a dictator to

a friend of students. Teacher of today is considered as a facilitator of learning

,whose main duty is to prepare students for learning by enabling them to

actively participate in the teaching learning process rather than simply spoon

feeding .The less the people rely upon the teacher, the better a successful

teacher must enable his pupils to do without him .The changing role of the

teacher in education has been the result of plurality of intertwining influences

like philosophical psychological, social, technological and educational

.psychological studies have clearly revealed the influence of classroom climate

and atmosphere in the creation of a fertile learning environment .In the creation

of such an environment The nature of teacher student relationship teachers

personal attitude towards hi students his professional philosophy and life values

plays an important role.AS said earlier teacher of the past functioned as an

authoritarian figure .But with changing goals of education and newer

psychological discoveries related to effective learning ,such a style of teacher

functioning is not only unproductive but even detrimental to learning .The

classic study of Lewin Lippift and White has demonstrated the long term

benefits of a democratic class room set up as compared to the authoritarian or

lissez faire teacher behaviour. There have been criticisms of this Study but

other investigations have also indicated, the importance of the emotional

component in learning and have generally tended to support. The view that a

warm, humane and responsive teacher attitude has a stimulating effect on the

pupil learning .Eventhough the role of teachers have changed, we cannot ignore

them because ethe future of education directly depends upon the quality of


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intermediary inventive minds of teachers and their ability to invent and

innovate.

3.Activity centered

Modern education is actively centered .We are currently giving

more emphasis to learning by doing .Curriculum of today is organized in terms

of tasks to be performed and goals to be reached rather than in terms of lessons

to be learned .This will provide knowledge and skills essential for leading a

good life. Teachers have to motivate the children to do experiments search out

facts for themselves and undertake projects.

4.Creative education

One of the most significant trends in todays school is the

encouragement of creativity. Human advances comes through original thought

and intervention. Creative education is a good medium to develop original

thought and intervention

5.More community participation

Considering the reciprocative relationship between education

and society this is an expected trend .Education Is seeking more community

participation for solving its problem.The presence of parent-teacher association

in all most every educational institute is a good example for the community

participation .Parents participation can also be elicited through socialised

projects and programmes. The result is that parents and the teachers meet in

small and large groups to discuss their common problems .Funding of various

projects in the technical institutes by the industrial sector is also an example of

this trend.

6.More reliance on technology

Technology exerts great influence on education tool for teaching and learning.

Judicious use of educational psychology in the development and practice of

educational technology has increased its user friendly nature considerably. cost

effectiveness of technology. Based educational programmes is good when

compared to the cost of traditional programmes. Educational system is

preferring technology not because it simplifies the teaching learning process ,

but because technology empowers new solutions. Technology will help the

teachers to solve the emerging educational problems created by factors like


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growing school population, heterogeneity, of pupils in schools, divergent and

even confusing needs of learners, rapid development of new information,

expanding curriculum and the social changes arising from modernisation.

Developments in educational technology bring about changes and shifts in

educational goals which in turn stimulate the emergence of newer techniques.

Technology of education is being developed with the aim not only of making

education more widely available but also of improving life quality of education.

As stated earlier, the nature of emerging techniques of education has been

influenced by modern psychology. The facility for online education through

information technology enabled services has redefined the concept of non-

formal education .With the wide spread use of computers in education,

computer assisted learning and computer assisted instruction are becoming

common even in the lower levels of education' Nowa days ,universities are

changing to virtual universities by fully utilizing the technological

advancements for imparting knowledge.

7. Increasing acceptance of Non formal type of education

Universities and other elite educational organizations has come out

from glass towers for providing non-formal education through study centers and

regional centers. Some of them are generating more revenues through providing

non-formal education than the formal education .Information technology

enabled services has redefined the concept of non-formal education .Different

from the pastvarious forms of non-formal education like correspondence

eduction,distance education, etc are gaining acceptance among the youth.

8.Restructuring traditional programmes:

In order to meet the challenges of globalization education system is

restructuring the traditional programme by integrating and correlating various

subjects, for example, traditional B.Sc botany programme has converted to

applied botany in many, institutes by way of integrating some aspects of

biotechnology.

9. Increased opportunity for higher studies:

In the present situation, a talented student and flexible educational loans are

available for meeting the expenses of education.

10. Methods of appraisal


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Because of multiple educational goals a comprehensive system of evaluation is

being evolved. The childs progress is judged by the comparison of his own

work and achievements .Latest method of evaluation is based on a vision of

learning and well defined performance indicators.

11. Innovation in teaching and learning

Lot of innovations is there in teaching and learning. These

innovations will help in intellectual development personal development and

career development of youth.

12. Educational quality assurance

Present day educational system is more concerned

about quality, cost effectiveness, and accountability .Educational quality

assurance is a process o monitoring and evaluating efficiency and effectiveness

of educational provision and to institute remedial measures as and when needed.

13. Emergence of teaching as a teaching unit:

Class as a unit of teaching is disappearing. As a result of

advancements in instructional planning and evaluation of learning teachers

realize the existence of widely different backgrounds, difference in student

abilities and interests. Hence teachers of today realize the need for presenting

learning experiences to suit individual differences existing among pupils by

using the media and methods generated by educational technology motivated

the teachers to view education as an individual activity rather than a social

activity.

14. Commercialisation of education and presence of foreign universities:

Due to lack of fund and resources the Government

concentrated on basic education leaving higher education to private sector .If

the Government can control private sector properly this can do more in society

.Foreign universities are now attracting more students from India by offering

jobs. Since Indian universities are still continuing the age old programmes and

very much reluctant to change according to the new trends in the international

level, India has become a gold mine for the foreign universities.

15. Distance learning


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Online education has now become a popular choice for Americans

because of their hectic and stressful lifestyles. There are actually a lot of reasons

why you need to consider enrolling your child to an online school. The first is

that it is more convenient than that of standard education. Online schools are

also proven to be cost-effective. In comparison to standard school programs,

online education is proven to be cheaper. Another advantage of online schooling

is that it allows students to attend their online classes wherever they are so long

as there is internet connection. This means that online schools can be easily

accessed without any interruption. Disadvantage is that it cannot give socially

active child.

16. Global education

Global education aims to help pick up these children and to give them a boost,

putting them on an even footing despite their unprivileged background. Global

education can also be founded on international affairs, as the name would

suggest. It aims to make students who have this concept running through their

curriculum more curious about life and about the various intricacies which are

associated with it. It aims to allow those who are being taught to think about

how their actions and how they live their lives has an impact on the world in a

far bigger scale than they might have imagined beforehand.

17. Teacher as a researcher

Today, teachers are not just lecturers, but guides; students are not just listeners

but co-explorers of knowledge. Education has become more interactive and

experiential for both parties. Thus, teaching skills have also evolved, with more

techniques available for teachers to use. So there is increased need for

researches from teachers side.

18. Inquiry based learning

Inquiry based learning is mainly involving the learner and leading him to

understand. Inquiry here implies on the possessing skills and attitude of yours,

which allows you to ask questions about new resolutions and issues while you

are gaining new information.

Dictionary meaning of Inquiry is seeking knowledge,

information, or truth through questioning. All the people carry on with this

process throughout their life, even if you might find it not very much reflecting.For example, infants use inquiry to build their sense of the world, the babies


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turn towards voices, put things in their mouths, grasp things, and observe faces

that come near. The inquiry process is mainly the gathering of data and

information and applying them to senses like smelling, tasting, touching,

hearing and seeing. Traditional method of learning hinders inquiry.

20. Co operative learning

For a teacher who is trying to teach through cooperative

learning from the teacher's resources or lesson plans, he or she might face

problems of discipline or noisy lessons as after all it's just a class full of

students. Hence, there are some cooperative learning instruction strategies,

which can be followed for effective teaching.

The main challenge behind cooperative learning is that it needs to be planned insuch a way that it fits perfectly and the students gain positively from it. For

example, it can happen sometime that the students in a group are noisy and all

the workload is shifted onto one student, in such a case you can either change

the activity or reconsider your seating plan in order to neutralize the class

dynamics.

TRENDS IN NURSING EDUCATION

A profession is a dynamic integration of various faculties of knowledge. Sincenursing education is a professional education it is dynamic by its own nature

and thereby giving rise to trends.

1. Curricuum changes

Flexible curriculum designs are evolving to facilitate diversity of educational

opportunity and overcome barriers of distance and time. These curricula are

often competency based focused on outcome and emphasis student participation

and responsibility for learning.

2. Innovations in teaching and learning

In nursing education lot of innovations are taking place in the areas of teaching

and learning .Invariably these innovations lead to intellectual development,

personal development and career development.

3. Educational quality assurance


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Eeducational quality assurance is a process for monitoring and

evaluating Efficiency and effectiveness and of educational provision and to

institute remedial measures as and when needed. In India, nursing education is

flourishing in an unprecedented manner; naturally this will lead to dilution in

the quality of nursing education in the absence of proper quality control

measures. Motivated by this situation, accrediting bodies and nurse educators

are expressing deep concern regarding the quality of nursing education. It is

high time to prepare a quality index of nursing institutions all over the country

by categorising them into different grades based on the infrastructure and

faculty profile.

4. More reliance on technology

'Technology exerts greater influence on nursing education as a tool

for teaching and learning. Judicious use of educational psychology in the

development and practice of educational technology has increased its user

friendly nature considerably.

5. Emphasis on high tech high touch approach

High tech high touch approach in nursing was devised to preserve the

human component of nursing care without undermining the advantages of

technological advancements in the field of patient care .Present day nursing

education is preparing the students to maintain the human element of nursing

while caring the patients with the help of sophisticated gadgets.

6. Preparation of global nurses

Nursing education is all set to reap benefits created by

globalization and liberalization by way of preparing global nurses. Many

institutions are preparing students with a global perspective through providing

learning experiences to each students knowledge in English along with

attainment of other objectives.

7 Transnational acceptances

Nursing Education programmes in one nation is widely accepted by

other nations. Infact this transnational acceptance is the main reason for the

development of nursing education in the countries like kerala.

8.Ensuring a promising career


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Unlike any other professional education programmes nursing

education ensures a promising career either in India or abroad. A study

conducted by Johnson and Johnson reveals that nursing education will maintain

this status at least for the coming 20 years.

9Emergence of new specialities

In part with developments in the Medical and allied fields nursing education is

also offering new specialities to meet the needs of community.

10.Increased opportunities for higher studies

Different from the past many institutions are offering

programmes such as post certificate bsc Nursing Msc nursing M .phil and

PhD.An eligible candidate can easily pursue higher education without much

time lag.

11. Potential shortage of nurse educators

As a result of the exciting career opportunities in the service sector

when compared to the educational side talented nurses are now opting a career

in the service sector when compared to the educational side.This may lead to

shortage of nurse educators in the near future. Since the presence of talented

nurses in the service sector will do a lot in the service sector will do a lot in

uplifting the public image of our profession, it is not wise to prevent this

flow.Allowing the qualified nurses from the service side to work in the

teaching institution on a par time basis will help to solve this problem to a

certain extend.

12. Diminishing Government role

Shortage of funds coupled with certain policy decisions has

prevented the Government from investing further in the field of nursing

education.Now the private sector is playing a dominant role for the development

of nursing education.

13.Uniformity and standardization

Various universities and nursing boards are conducting nursing

programmes in a different manner. Even though efforts are on the way to bring

about the much needed uniformity and standardization nothing significanthave been achieved so far.


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14.Coping with the impact of globalization

As a result of impact of globalistion the status of nursing shifted from

that of a caring profession to a rewarding profession. Very few students are

trying to inculcate the traditional values of nursing profession during theirstudent bring

15. Enhanced student status

In the past students were viewed as student nurse rather than nursing as well as

tremendous increase in the nurse institutions. Prompted society and other health

care professional to consider nursing students

FUTURE TRENDS IN NURSING EDUCATION

The millennium has become the metaphor for the extraordinary challenges and

opportunities available to the nursing profession and to those academic

institutions responsible for preparing the next generation of nurses. Here are 10

trends to watch, described in terms of their impact on nursing education.

1. Changing Demographics and Increasing Diversity

2. The Technological Explosion

3. Globalization of the World's Economy and Society

4. The Era of the Educated Consumer, Alternative Therapies and Genomics, and

Palliative Care.

5. Shift to Population-Based Care and the Increasing Complexity of Patient

Care

6. The Cost of Health Care and the Challenge of Managed Care

7. Impact of Health Policy and Regulation

8. The Growing Need for Interdisciplinary Education for Collaborative Practice

9. The Current Nursing Shortage/Opportunities for Lifelong Learning and

Workforce Development

10. Significant Advances in Nursing Science and Research

1. Changing Demographics and Increasing Diversity


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Population shifts in the United States have affected health care priorities as well

as nursing. Due to advances in public health and clinical care, the average life

span is increasing. Nursing practice, education, and research must embrace and

respond to these changing demographics, and nurses must focus on spiritual

health, as well as the physical and psychosocial health of the population.

Student demographics are also changing. Ethnic and racial diversity of nursing

schools has increased dramatically, creating a rich cultural environment for

learning. Students are entering schools of nursing at an older age and are

bringing varying college and work experiences, as well as more sophisticated

expectations for their education. They are typically employed in full-time

careers, and many are raising families, which places constraints on their

educational experiences and necessitates greater flexibility in scheduling.

2.The Technological Explosion

The rapid growth in information technology has already had a radical impact on

health care delivery and the education of nurses. Advances in processing

capacity and speed, the development of interactive user interfaces,

developments in image storage and transfer technology, changes in

telecommunications technology, and the increased affordability of personal

computers have contributed to the explosion of information technology

applications. Advances in digital technology have increased the applications of

tele health and telemedicine, bringing together patient and provider without

physical proximity. Nanotechnology will introduce new forms of clinical

diagnosis and treatment by means of inexpensive handheld biosensors capable

of detecting a wide range of diseases from miniscule body specimens. Dramatic

improvements in the accessibility of clinical data across settings and time have

improved both outcomes and care management. The electronic medical record

will replace traditional documentation systems. Through the Internet, consumers

will be increasingly armed with information previously available only to

clinicians. Electronic commerce will become routine for transacting health care

services and products. Nurses of the 21st century need to be skilled in the use of

computer technology. Already, distance learning modalities link students and

faculty from different locales and expand the potential for accessible continuing

professional education. Technically sophisticated preclinical simulation

laboratories will stimulate critical thinking and skill acquisition in a safe and

user friendly environment. Faster and more flexible access to data and new


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means of observation and communication are having an impact on how nursing

research is conducted.

3. Globalization of the World's Economy and Society

Globalization has been brought about by many factors, including advances in

information technology and communications, international travel and

commerce, the growth of multinational corporations, the fall of communism in

Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, and major political changes in Africa and

Asia. With the "death of distance" in the spread of disease and the delivery of

health care, there are both extraordinary risks and extraordinary benefits. Along

with the potential for rapid disease transmission, there is potential for dramatic

improvements in health due to knowledge transfer between cultures and health

care systems. Nursing science needs to address health care issues, such as

emerging and re emerging infections that result from globalization. Nursing

education and research must become more internationally focused to

disseminate information and benefit from the multicultural experience.

4. The Era of the Educated Consumer, Alternative Therapies and

Genomics, and Palliative Care.

With advances in information technology and quality measurement, previously

unavailable information is now public information, and consumers are asked to

play a more active role in health care decision making and management. The

media and the Internet have facilitated this trend. Technological advances in the

treatment of disease have led to the need for ethical, informed decision making

by patients and families. Increased power of the consumer in the patient-

provider relationship creates a heightened demand for more sophisticated health

education techniques and greater levels of participation by patients in clinical

decisions. Alternative Therapies and Genomics Amazing growth is taking place

at opposing ends of the technological spectrum. The impact of the Human

Genome Project and related genetic and cloning research is unparalleled. Gene

mapping will drive rapid advances in the development of new drugs and the

treatment and prevention of disease. At the low-tech end of the spectrum, the

voracious demand by consumers for "alternative" or "complementary" therapies

to enhance health and healing has begun to influence mainstream health care

delivery. Several academic medical centers now have offices of alternative

medicine, and the National Institutes of Health recently funded new initiatives

dedicated to this field. The inclusion of non traditional health care providers


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may augment the health care team. Palliative and End-of-Life Care

Technological advancements in the treatment of illness and disease have created

new modalities that extend life while challenging traditional ethical and societal

values regarding death and dying. New settings for care, such as inpatient and

home-based hospice, and new forms of care, including pain management,

spiritual practices, and support groups and bereavement counseling, are now

likely to be part of well-developed health care systems.

5. Shift to Population-Based Care and the Increasing Complexity of Patient

Care

Rising costs and an aging population have led to new settings

and systems of care across the health care continuum. Managed care and risk-

based contracting mechanisms have forced a shift from episodic care with an

acute orientation to care management with a focus on population based

outcomes. Patients in inpatient settings are increasingly more acutely ill; the

standard ratio of critical care/specialty beds to general use beds in hospitals

today is close to 1:1, up substantially from a decade ago. The community has

largely become the setting for chronic disease management and prevention.

Nurses must demonstrate management skills at both the organizational and

patient care levels. These concepts must be incorporated into the nursing

curriculum.

6. The Cost of Health Care and the Challenge of Managed Care

Cost of Health Care a concern of businesses and governments for at least 30

years, the cost of health care in the United States has approached 15 percent of

the total gross national product. Many reasons have been suggested, including

the advanced technology available to virtually all residents through academic

medical centers, the scientific and technologic infrastructure that has led to most

of the diagnostic and therapeutic breakthroughs in medicine, cultural norms

regarding aging and end-of-life, the cost of violence and drug addiction, and the

growing economic and health disparity between segments of the population

.Concerns about cost are present in every form of nursing practice; they affect

how work is organized, treatment plans for patients, and patients' perceptions of

and participation in care. For Nursing professionals, who have historically taken

the lead in health education and health promotion, are disappointed by the lack

of financing and reimbursement available through managed care organizations

for these vital services. However, advanced practice nurses - nurse practitioners


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and case managers in particular - have benefited greatly by the managed care

movement. Demand for these lower cost providers has dramatically increased,

and their competence and quality in the primary care field have been

acknowledged. Nursing education programs must prepare students at all levels

for roles in case management and employment in the managed care

environment.

7.Impact of Health Policy and Regulation

The impact of federal and state health policy and regulation on the practice of

nursing cannot be ignored. Issues surrounding health care are often complex,

involving the fields of medicine and economics, and affecting individuals' rights

as well as access to health care Two major trends will have a significant impact

on health care delivery. First, there will be an increase in state and federal

regulation as costs rise and managed care continues to expand. Along with

regulation, there will be attempts to shift to less expensive settings and apply

market forces to restrain costs. Second, shared responsibility for the Medicaid

program and the shift to managed care has resulted in an increased oversight

role for the states. States must define ,measure, and assess quality, and serve as

contractors for corporate entities while enforcing accountability of managed

care organizations. Both new regulation and devolution have serious

implications for health care delivery and the practice of nursing. Historically,

nursing's influence on policy and regulation has been disproportionately low

relative to the breadth of nursing practice and its importance within the health

care delivery system. Nursing schools, scholars, executives, and professional

nursing organizations must more actively contribute to the development of

health policy and regulation. Ethical issues involved in working in an integrated

system constrained by economic incentives are being defined more and more by

government policy makers, not health care professionals.

8.The Growing Need for Interdisciplinary Education for Collaborative

Practice

A wide range of knowledge and skills is required to effectively and efficiently

manage the comprehensive needs of patients and populations. While

interdisciplinary and collaborative practice is still not the norm, there has been a

heightened awareness of the need for coordinated care and a significant increase

in the use of midlevel providers, such as APNs, as part of the primary care team.

With care management a critical component in health care delivery, nurses must


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demonstrate leadership and competence in interdisciplinary and collaborative

practice for continuous quality improvement. Teaching methods that

incorporate opportunities for interdisciplinary education and collaborative

practice are required to prepare nurses for their unique professional role and to

understand the role of other disciplines in the care of patients.

9. The Current Nursing Shortage/Opportunities for Lifelong Learning and

Workforce Development

Nursing shortages have a negative impact on patient care and are costly to the

health care industry. While the number of male and minority students has been

steadily rising, their ranks are still underrepresented. The current shortage is

judged to be deeper than past shortages and probably more resistant to short-

term economic strategies that have worked before. However, as in the past, the

current shortage will almost certainly raise salaries and increase flexibility for

nurses. Other recent advances in the profession and the health care industry are

likely to have a positive impact on recruitment. These include the opportunity to

practice in a variety of clinical settings; the dramatic in opportunities for APNs;

new careers in care management and case management; and the interest of

biotechnology, information technology, and pharmaceutical companies in hiring

skilled nursing professionals. Nursing education must partner with the health

care industry to develop innovative short- and long-term solutions that address

the nursing shortage, including aggressive student recruitment and the initiation

of an intense media/marketing campaign. The public image of the nursing role

must be revitalized to change outdated perceptions. The need for more

sophisticated nursing management and leadership to respond to the clinical,

organizational, and fiscal challenges faced by the health care industry has not

gone unrecognized. Nursing schools are called on to expand their core and

continuing education programs to address these needs. Schools of nursing have

many of the core resources needed to deliver continuing professional education

and can provide appropriate courses efficiently and effectively. Health care and

health-related organizations may serve as institutional partners in sponsoring

such program offerings, which would contribute to their relevance, increase

participation, and lower costs.

10. Significant Advances in Nursing Science and Research

Nursing research is an integral part of the scientific enterprise of improving the

nation's health. Research is conducted to improve patient outcomes and


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promote the health and well-being of communities, especially of the most

vulnerable populations. Nursing research and scholarship has received

significant funding by public and private agencies in the last decade and is

increasingly recognized as an independent body of knowledge. As we position

ourselves to meet today's challenges and tomorrow's, we must understand the

drivers affecting nursing.

CONCLUSION

As nursing education as such is an emerging one ,the newer trends are to be

developed more .All nursing professionals and researchers have this

responsibility also .A dramatic change has been occurred in this era by the

evolvement of privatisation. But the standard decreased a lot .So further

movement should be careful to with hold the standard along with forward

movement.

DISCUSSION TOPIC

Issues related to trends in nursing

REFERENCES

1.B sankaranarayananB.Sindhu Learning and teaching Nursing3rd edition

,Calicut,Brainfill publications .pg-12-14,18-20

2.JoannZervekh Jo Carol Claborn Nursing education Transition and Trend5th

edition Elsevier publications, pg-134-135

3.Neeraja k pNursing education first edition,New Delhi, Jaypee

publications.pg-93-97

4.www.teach.nology.com/current trends

5. Laura A. Stokowski, RN, MS Trends in nursing education in

21stcentuarywww.Nursingeducation/trends./nursing journal
http://www.nursing/http://www.nursing/http://www.nursing/


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INDEX

sl no. content Page no

1 Introduction 1

2 Trends in general education 1

3 Trends in nursing education 8

4 Future trends in education 11

5 Conclusion 17

6 Bibliography 17


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AIMS

On completion of seminar the students describe various aspects of trends in

general and nursing education, and apply this knowledge in their teaching

learning experience with a positive attitude.

OBJECTIVES

On completion of seminar students

1. explain the trends in general education2. discuss the trends in nursing education3. identify future trends in education

seminar on trends in education general and nursing

Documents