seminar trial
TRANSCRIPT
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BIO-FUELS AS ALTERNATIVE FUELS
FOR FUTURE TRANSPORTATION
Presented by :-
Prof. B.P.Pattanaik
Assistant ProfessorDept. of Mechanical Engg.
GITA, Bhubaneswar
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What is Biodiesel?
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Advantages of Bio-Diesel
Alternative fuel for diesel engines
Made from vegetable oil or animal fat
High flash point (>300F), Safer for Storage
Biodegradable, Essentially non-toxic
Lower Green House Gas Emissions
Carbon Neutrality
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Comparison of Fuel Property
Fuel Property DIESEL BIO-DIESEL
Heating Value (kJ/kg) 42,900 41,700
Viscosity (mm/s) 4.3 (at 27C) 4.86 (at 27C)
Density (kg/Lit) 0.815 (at 15C) 0.8824 (at 15C)
Cetane Number 47 49
Flash Point (C) 58 260
Sulphur Content (%) 0.01 < 0.01
Carbon Residue (% by
weight)
0.35 0.05
Pour Point (C) -10 -12
Cloud Point (C) -6 -4
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Reasons for Promotion of Bio-Fuels
Contribution to the Energy Security Policy
Environmental Concerns
Foreign Exchange Savings Socio-Economic Issues Related to Rural Sector
Greater Use of Renewable Energy
Less Green House Gas Emissions
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Bio-Fuel Sources
BIOETHANOL
Wheat
Maize
Sugar Cane
Potatoes
BIODIESEL
Rapeseed
Soyabean
Jatropha
Karanja
Sunflower
Palm
Ricebran
Nahar
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Classification of Bio-Fuels
BIO-ALCOHOLS
Biomethanol
Bioethanol
Biopropanol
Biobutanol
BIO-DIESEL
JOME
NOME
KOME
CSOME
POME
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Flow Chart for Production of
Bio-Methanol
CARBOHYDRATES(CHO)n
Drying & Crushing into Powder
Gasification & Partial Oxidation with O & HO at
1250 K Results Mixture of Gases: H, CO, CO, HO
Catalytic Synthesis : CO + 2H CHOH
BIOMETHANOL
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Flow Chart for Production of
Bio-Ethanol
Cereal Grain or Straw
Course Powder Flour
Acid hydrolysis, fermentation and distillation
Crude Alcohol Undergoes Dehydration
BIOETHANOL
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The Transesterification Reaction
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Result Obtained During
Transesterification of Palm Oil
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Composition of Neat Vegetable Oil
97% Triglycerides
2% Di & Monoglycerides
1% Free Fatty Acids (FFA)
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What is Transesterification?
Transesterification is an equilibrium
reaction between Triglycerides of the
Vegetable Oil & Methanol in presence
KOH/NaOH as Catalyst to produce MethylEsters or Vegetable Oil Esters where as
Glycerol is produced as a by product.
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World Energy Scenario
Oil
Coal
Gas
Nuclear
Renewables
34%
24%
21%
7%
14%
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[2] Pramanik K. Properties and use of jatropha curcas oil and diesel fuel blends in
compression ignition engine. Renewable Energy 2003;28:23948.
REFERENCES
[1] Agarwal AK. Vegetable oils versus diesel fuel: development and use of biodiesel in
a compression ignition engine. TERI Inf Digest on Energy 1998;8:191
204.
[3] Agarwal AK. Biodiesel for CI engines: an obvious choice for next millennium. In:
Proceedings of the 12th international congress and exhibition on research and
development. R&D Vision 21st Century, 1516 January 1999.
[4] Agarwal AK, Das LM. Biodiesel development and characterization for use as a fuel
in compression ignition engines. Trans ASME 2001;123:4407. ARTICLE IN Press.
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Different Bio-Diesel Blends
B10 (10% Bio-Diesel + 90% Petro Diesel)
B20 (20% Bio-Diesel + 80% Petro Diesel)
B50 (50% Bio-Diesel + 50% Petro Diesel) B100 (100% Bio-Diesel + 0% Petro Diesel)
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Properties of Different Vegetable Oils
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Economic Analysis for Bio-Diesel
Production
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Expetimental Set-up to Conduct Performance Test using Bio-Diesel
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Fuel Properties of Different Bio-Diesel Blends
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Transesterification Process
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What is Biodiesel?
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel similar to
the conventional Diesel fuel. Biodiesel can be
produced from Straight Vegetable Oil, Animal
Fats & Waste Cooking Oil. The process used to
convert these oils into Biodiesel is called
Transesterification.
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Transesterification Methods
Base Catalyzed Transesterification
Direct Acid Catalyzed Transesterification
Conversion of SVO to its Fatty Acids & then toBiodiesel
The Base Catalyzed Transesterification is
the most suitable & economical method for
production of Biodiesel with 98% conversion
yield.