seminar “ will it flood like 2011?” a dutch example bangkok, 13 th january 2012 harrie laboyrie...
TRANSCRIPT
Seminar “ Will it flood like 2011?” A Dutch Example
Bangkok, 13th January 2012Harrie Laboyrie January 2012
Contents
Introduction Drainage and Inundation The Dutch delta Cooperation with other deltas in the world Sustainable development in the delta; a process
approach
Drainage and Inundation : main problems
From technical point of view insufficient operation and maintenance to the river and drainage system, lack of spatial planning, encroachment of the riverbanks, structures crossing rivers and drainage systems and land subsidence are the major causes of the floods while the lack of coordination between the different authorities, the absence of proper organization structure to execute O&M and limited funds for O&M are causes from non technical point of view;
Drainage and Inundation : main problems
• Water management problems in low lying areas are of special importance in urban areas, where the combination of a dense paved surface, a low infiltration rate and limited discharge capacity demands special measures to reduce flooding due to impeded drainage. Urban water management involves all aspects related to water in the city: storm water- and wastewater discharge, safety and risk assessment, water storage, water quality, spatial planning and ecology;
Drainage and Inundation : main problems
• New concepts for the integration of urban drainage infrastructure in the urban environment are frequently employed by our drainage and flood control engineers. Measures are ranging from flood diversion channels to ‘urban wadi-systems’ to promote infiltration and reduce drainage discharge. Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS) refers to a collection of methods used to reduce runoff from hard surfaces through storage and by enhancing groundwater recharge via infiltration.
Effects
Core Problem
Urban Drainage
Causes
Asset lossLoss of life Disease
Economic disruption
More frequent, more extensive and deeper floods in Bangkok
Natural Man MadeRainfall
Topography
Climate Change
Higher peak flows
Tidal cycle
Sea level rise
Insufficient environmental awareness
Encroachment of river corridors
Indiscriminate Solid waste dumping
Land subsidence (ground water abstraction)
Over-population
Inadequate cooperation institutions
Insufficient capacity (finance, HRM, institutions)
Rapid urbanization
Decreased storage capacity up&down stream
Back log of maintenance
Inadequate operation
Inadequate/insufficient measures
Loss of retention basins, open space and green areas
Reduced river and drainage conveyance capacity
Illegal settlement near rivers & Canals
Loss of investorConfidence
The Netherlands
The Hague
Wageningen
NijmegenRotterdam
Neeltje Jans
The Dutch delta
2/3 of The Netherlands below sea level
Long history in building dikes and polders to protect the people and industry / agriculture from floods coming from sea and rivers
Last large flood: 1 February 1953
Delta Works: Hard coastal defenses and river dike improvements
The Dutch delta
The Delta Works Shortening the total length of the dikes by 700 kilometres
Improved agricultural freshwater supply
Improved water balance and manipulation of the Delta area.
Improved infrastructure and mobility in Zeeland
Support inland waterways shipping.
New developments in the areas of nature and recreation
Integrated design Safety: Protect the land against
the sea Infrastructure: road connection Environmental: Unique ecosystem
with a wide variety of wildlife (original plan was a closed dike)
Economic: Structure decreases the length of dike improvements inland (saving in costs and O&M)
The Dutch delta
Eastern Scheldt Barrier (1)
• Eastern Scheldt Barrier
The Dutch delta
Eastern Scheldt Barrier (2)
The Dutch delta
High intensity waterway traffic (Port of Rotterdam)
Large urban area with high economic value
High discharges from the river Dike improvement in old city
centers of Rotterdam and Dordrecht difficult
Solution: movable barrier downstream of Rotterdam to protect the city
Maeslant Barrier (1)
• Maasvlakte I
The Dutch delta
Maeslant Barrier (2)
The Dutch delta
Watervision (2007)
Deltacommittee (2008)
National Waterplan 2009 - 2015
History & Future
P1 P2 P3 P4
2001 2015 2100
P5
Example: Past Approach
100330 16
Way of working with Grand design
2010 2100
1 2 3 4 5 6
Instead of:
Work with grand design or long term vision, secondly back casting to present and subsequently work with regular plans
2010 21001
2
3
The Dutch delta
“Watervision 2007” Climate change -> adaptation Long term vision up to 2100 Sustainable solutions: People-Planet-Profit In the future:
- Higher sealevel
- More water from the rivers
- In the summer more often droughts
Advice from “Delta Committee” (Veerman)
Results in Dutch Water Plan
The Dutch delta
Long term vision
“A living land builds for it’s future” 2/3 flood-prone, 9 million
inhabitants, 65% GNP, 1800 billion invested value
The Dutch delta
Safety against flooding Increase safety levels for all inhabitants Spatial planning for risk area’s Evacuation plans New concepts of strong or even “unbreakable”
levees Continue “Room for Rivers” Enforce coastal zone using sand (“building with
nature”)
The Dutch delta
Fresh water supplies Netherlands has plenty fresh water, but ….
in the near future more droughts en more saltwater penetration from the sea Fresh water essential for agriculture, industry, drinking water, etcetera Investigate what to do
- Optimize water usage on local level
- IJsselmeer
- Protect groundwater supplies
The Dutch delta
Vision -> Coastal zone
The Dutch delta
Vision -> Rivers
The Dutch delta
Vision -> IJsselmeer
Cooperation with other deltas in the world
Permanent cooperation with deltas in the world Exchanging knowledge and experience Focus on climate change and Millennium Development Goals Technical + governance Government, science, NGO’s & private sector
together!
Delta Dialogue sustainable development
Process model for a sustainable delta development process Three individual but inseparably linked pillars:
- Result;
- Support;
- Innovation.
The Pillars are related to:-
the content of a process;
- the actors who are involved in the process;
- the wider context in which the process
is taking place and has an effect.
All three pillars are equally important. Managing on the basis of only one or two pillars increases the risk of an ineffective process.
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