ACKNOWLEGMENTFirst of all we would like to thanks to our God.secoundly we would like to express our deepest gratitude to our advisor, Mr Ahunum Abebe for, his excellent guidance, caring, patience, and providing us with an excellent atmosphere for doing this project. He helps us as much as possible and when we ask any question he answer our question politely. We would also thanks the school of electrical and computer engineering help us by giving the resource just like computer access and other material and also extra ordinary thanks to our parents who support and believe on us through the long journe

ContentsList of FigureivList of TablevAcronymvAbstractviiChapter 111. Introduction11.1 Back ground information11.2 Statement of the problem21.3 Objectives of the Project21.3.1 Specific Objectives21.4 Methodology21.5 Scope of the project41.6 Organizations of the Project4Chapter Two5Literature Review62.1. Embryonic Development62.2 Incubating Conditions72.3 Egg Incubators in the Market82.3.1 Automatic Forced-Air Incubator82.3.2 Manual Forced-Air Incubator92.3.3 The Mini Eco92.3.4 Smart egg incubator10Chapter Three113. System Design and Analysis113.1 System block diagram and Operations113.1.1 Power supply113.1.2 PIC16F877A Microcontroller12 3.1.3 Liquid Crystal Display (LCD)153.1.4 Humidity control153.1.5 Temperature sensor153.1.6 Fan163.1.7 Egg roller163.1.8 Voltage Regulator.....183.1.9 transformer183.2 Software design213.2.1 mikroC PRO for PIC213.2.2 Proteus-821Chapter four224. Results and Discussions224.1 Simulation Results224.1.1 Dc- source22Chapter five235. Conclusion and Recommendations for future work235.1Conclusion235.2 Recommendations for future work24Reference25Appendix26Appendix A. NTC thermistors data sheet26

List of Figure

Figure1.1 Project development flow chart3Figure 2.2Automatic Forced-Air Incubator9Figure 2.3 Manual Forced-Air Incubator9Figure 2.4 the Mini Eco Incubator Figure10Figure 3.1 system block diagram11Figure 3.2 Pin diagram of PIC16F877A14Figure 3.3 egg roller17Figure 3.4 short circuit test19Figure 3.5 open circuit test19Figure 4.1 circuit diagram of dc source22Figure 4.2 output wave form of DC source22

List of TableTable 2.1 Condition of incubator for various types of egg8Table 3.1 input/output port of micro controller14

Acronym Description AC..alternative currentADC....analog to digital converterB...betaC..CelsiusDCdirect currentF..FahrenheitI/O.input outputKB...kilo byteLCDLiquid crystal displayMHZ...mega hertzNTCNegative temperature coefficientPIC..programme integrate circuitR25..resistance at 25 degree Celsius RHT.relative humidity temperature RT..thermistor resistance RT2 resistance at T2Temp.temperatureV ref ..reference voltageV.Voltage

AbstractThe main objective of this project is to design and develop the system of an egg incubator that able to incubate chicken eggs. The Smart egg incubator will fill up with the temperature and humidity sensor that can measure the condition of the incubator and automatically change to the suitable condition for the egg. The health of egg is very important for the development of embryo within the egg. Improper control means that the temperature or humidity is too high or too low. In this project the heater will use to give the suitable temperature to the egg. By using the water and controlling fan, we can make sure the humidity and ventilation in good condition. The status condition in the smart egg incubator will appear on the liquid crystal display (LCD) screen display. To make sure all part of egg was heated by lamp, steeper motor is very useful to rotate iron rode at the bottom side and automatically change the position of egg by using egg roller. This keeps the embryo centered in the egg and prevents it from sticking to the shell membrane. The entire element will be controlled using programmable integrated circuit (PIC). The PIC is a type of microcontroller that can process a data from sensor and will execute the control element to change the condition of smart egg incubator

SMART EGG INCUBATOR

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Chapter 11. Introduction1.1 Back ground information Today, according to the growth of human population and human needs , we should use artificial methods of the mass production in the short timescales to be responsive to the community needs So, using new methods is essential for more and better poultry production that are depends on them. In this regard, can be used its industrial methods that means using artificial incubation, it was many years that technology of control devices which used in incubation works, have been created. Fundamental factors and key are known for being successful in artificial incubation during the incubation of eggs should be rotated. It is necessary to control the heat, humidity and ventilation and no shock occur. Among the environmental conditions, temperature is very important than other factors, this temperature is required for its Egg incubation technology that provides opportunity for farmers to produce development over a specific period. The humidity is also critical, and if the air is too dry the egg will lose too much water to the atmosphere, which can make hatching difficult or impossible. The most important difference between natural and artificial incubation is the fact that the natural parent provides warmth by contact rather than surrounding the egg with warm air. As incubation proceeds, an egg will normally become lighter, and the air space within the egg will normally become larger, owing to evaporation from the egg. Industrial rising of farm animals indoors under conditions of extremely restricted mobility is commonly known as factory farming. It is done as part of industrial agriculture which is a set of methods that changes as laws and technology change known as industrial agriculture which is designed to produce the highest output at the lowest cost, using economies of scale, modern machinery, modern medicine, and global trade for financing, purchases and sales. Egg incubator is one of the inventions that provide opportunity especially for who want to be excellent farmer. There is one of easy and fastest way that can make a product. This invention will upgrade the egg incubator that has already in market today. The systems will automatically controlling the temperature and humidity of the incubator for various types of egg.

1.2 Statement of the problemAccording to speech release by secretary general Ministry of Agriculture & Agro-based Industry Ethiopia though blesses with fertile soil, abundant rainfall and suitable climate for food production is still not yet ensured food security and has never achieved a food trade balance. Realizing the opportunity and potential for the development of this sector, the government was entrusted with the responsibility to develop the agro food sector into a competitive entity and contribute significantly to national income. Efforts in transforming the sector is indeed a Herculean modern farming methods but also entails the need for a mind-set leap among the community from the old stigma of agriculture being a backward and low skill activity. Alternatively, the Smart Incubator is designed to improve the available eggs incubation method, in order to change the traditional farming method to advance and modern farming method. Besides, by introducing the smart incubator may help our country achieve a food trade balance surplus.1.3 Objectives of the ProjectThe general objective of this project used to build egg incubator by automatically control the humidity and temperature condition. 1.3.1 Specific ObjectivesThe specific objective of this project is To design the size and type of incubator To identify the egg roller To design the temperature and humidity circuit To select the appropriate micro controller for the project To select the appropriate motor for turning of egg tray

1.4 MethodologyIn this part we try to clarify our projects procedure by using flow charts will be discussed as follow.

Figure 1.1 Project development flow chart

From the above figure the project development are expressed by designing mechanical, electrical And software parts.in the mechanical part we will try to design the egg roller and the incubator but we cannot work the hard ware part of this one at this semester. The only we have to do is that the electrical circuit and software part. Also in the electrical part we develop the system circuit. Then this three part will combined together to perform the Smart Egg Incubator System. The incubator will fill up with the temperature and humidity sensor that can measure the condition of the incubator and automatically change to the suitable condition for the egg. Actually, this project consists of three elements that should be controlled. There are movement, temperature and humidity. In this project, the light is use to give the suitable temperature to the egg. The percentage of the humidity in the incubator need to consistent by control the fan and water through in the incubator, it is can make sure the humidity and ventilation in good condition. To make sure all part of egg was heated by the heater, egg roller is very useful to rotate iron rod at the bottom side and automatically change the position of egg. The entire element will be controlled using programmable integrated circuit (PIC). The PIC is a type of microcontroller that can process a data from sensor and will execute the control element to change the condition of incubator. 1.5 Scope of the projectThe scope of this project is combining of electrical part and programming part. The hardware part consists of electronic circuit for the microcontroller, temperature sensor, 7 segments display relay, power supply circuits, steeper motor and power supply the software consists of Microcontroller16F877A. Microcontroller circuit are used for control the entire project, and then sensors are used to detect the eggs and continue to be brought to the incubation with the conveyor.1.6 Organizations of the ProjectThis paper is organized in the following format in a way that caught the attention of the reader. This project is combination of five chapters that contain the Introduction, Literature Review, System Design and Analysis, Results and Discussion and the last chapter is a Conclusion and Recommendation of the projectChapter 1 is an introduction of the project. In this chapter, we will explain the background, methodology and objectives of the project. The idea of the project and the overall overview of the project also will be discussed in this chapter.Chapter 2 focuses on the literature review and that indicates what project has been done before we work this one and the response of the problem. .Chapter 3 is about System Design and Analysis. On this chapter the required hard ware and software parts are described in detail and the system overviews and design and analysis will be explainedChapter 4 Results and Discussion, in this chapter we try to see the result of our project. Chapter 5 discusses the conclusion and recommendation of the project. Finally the project has been done with the expected result. This project can be done for the short period of time but some recommendation must be included to make sure the system running properly without any violation.

Chapter TwoLiterature ReviewNovice poultry producers usually become interested in artificial incubation of their own chicks. The success of this type project depends on proper care and incubation of the hatching eggs so healthy, vigorous chicks are produced. Many times a producer carefully attends to the incubation process but disregards the care of the eggs before they are placed in the incubator. Even before incubation starts the embryo is developing and needs proper care. Hatching eggs suffer from reduced hatchability if the eggs are not cared for properly [2]. The size and type of incubator selected depends on the needs and future plans of each producer. Many different models are available. For continuous settings, separate incubator and Hatcher units are recommended. If all eggs in the unit are at the same stage of incubation, a single unit can be used. Locate the incubator and hatchers units indoors to protect them from major weather changes. It is essential that the room has a good ventilation system to supply plenty of fresh air. Keeping the units indoors makes it easier to maintain uniform temperature and humidity. There are basically two types of incubators available. Forced-air and still-air incubators. Forced-air incubators have fans that provide internal air circulation. The capacity of these units may be very large. The still-air incubators are usually small without fans for air circulation. Air exchange is attained by the rise and escape of warm, stale air and the entry of cooler fresh air near the base of the incubator. 2.1. Embryonic DevelopmentEmbryonic development is a continuous process that can roughly be divided into three different phases. They are differentiation, growth and the maturation. Typically, differentiation of organs occurs in the first days of incubation. The growth and the maturation of the organs occur in the later phases of development. Each of these phases requires specific incubator conditions [7]. As the embryo grows, its metabolic rate increases and this is accompanied by increased heat production. Consequently, the natural pattern of the embryo and eggshell temperature shows an increase towards the end of incubation. In the incubator we must differentiate between the temperature set point at which the incubator operates and the temperature of the air at the level of the eggs, which determines the temperature of the egg and embryo. At the start of incubation the embryo produces little heat and eggs must be warmed. This means that the air temperature must be higher than the egg temperature. As the embryo grows, metabolic heat production increases and to prevent overheating the air surrounding the eggs must be cooled such that heat is removed from the eggs2.2 Incubating ConditionsThe condition of incubator is very importance element. Poor results are most commonly produced with improper control of temperature and/or humidity. Improper control means that the temperature or humidity is too high or too low for a sufficient length of time that it interferes with the normal growth and development of the embryo. Poor results also occur from improper ventilation, egg turning and sanitation of the machines or eggs.The components than must be control in the incubator are temperature, humidity and ventilation. The temperature must depend on the types of egg. In order to hatch a good percentage of fertile eggs, an incubator must be able to maintain a constant temperature. Though different sorts of eggs require different heat levels, most will grow and hatch well at 37 to 38C [5]. Sure, that does sound imposingly precise, but such accuracy isn't all that difficult to achieveRarely is the humidity too high in properly ventilated still-air incubators. The water pan area should be equivalent to one-half the floor surface area or more. Increased ventilation during the last few days of incubation and hatching may necessitate the addition of another pan of water or a wet sponge. Humidity is maintained by increasing the exposed water surface area [6].Ventilation is very important during the incubation process. While the embryo is developing, oxygen enters the egg through the shell and carbon dioxide escapes in the same manner. As the chicks hatch, they require an increased supply of fresh oxygen. As embryos grow, the air vent openings are gradually opened to satisfy increased embryonic oxygen demand. Care must be taken to maintain humidity during the hatching period. Unobstructed ventilation holes, both above and below the eggs, are essential for proper air exchange.The Table 2.1 below shows the condition of the incubator for various type of egg which is consists of suitable temperature and humidity for every type of eggs. The Fahrenheit unit can be converting to Celsius by using the Fahrenheit formula, F = [32 + (9/5) *C].

Table 2. 1 Condition of incubator for various types of eggSpecies Incubation Period (days)Temp(F)Humidity (F)

Chicken 2110085-87

Turkey289984-86

Duck2810085-86

Muscovy Duck35-3710085-86

Goose28-349986-88

Guinea2810085-87

2.3 Egg Incubators in the Market There are many egg incubators at market nowadays. They come with several features that differentiate their product with other. However, they use the same principle in creating their product. For example, Automatic Forced-Air Incubator uses a light bulb to increase the temperature in the incubator, while, Mini Eco Eggs Incubator, uses heater coil for the same purpose. In our project, smart incubator makes the other eggs incubator as literature review in order to provide an automatic eggs incubator at low cost and easy to handle.2.3.1 Automatic Forced-Air Incubator Automatic model with a capacity / load the eggs of 100 eggs, also can accommodate nearly 300 quail eggs. For operating an automatically diverting eggs for up to 8 times a day by the installation of electric motor, timers and relays. Using a thermostat brand products Caemz Italy known for its precision control of temperature up to 1 degree Celsius, clear digital thermometer displays the temperature of incubator operation, the blower fan is temperature resistant and moisture and heat lamps are easily replaced with 5 watt, low and save electricity.[3]

Figure 2.1 Automatic Forced-Air Incubator 2.3.2 Manual Forced-Air Incubator Model with manual capacity of 60 eggs, can accommodate nearly 200 quail eggs. Operation simultaneously over the use of egg tray egg incubator can be operated from the outside without opening the incubator. Using a thermostat brand product Caemz Italy known for its precision control of temperature up to 1 degree Celsius, clear digital thermometer displays the temperature of incubator operation, the blower fan is temperature resistant and moisture and heat lamps are easily replaced with 5 watt, low and save electricity. [3]

Figure 2.2 Manual Forced-Air Incubator2.3.3 The Mini Eco The Mini Eco holds 10 hens eggs (or equivalent) and provides the fine temperature control to ensure consistent and reliable hatches. Temperature is monitored on a purpose built liquid-in-glass thermometer and although factory set, the electronic temperature control allows fine tuning of the temperature setting if required. [4]

Figure 2.3 the Mini Eco Incubator Figure

2.3.4 Smart egg incubatorThe smart egg incubator which is our project comes with several features that differentiate their product with others. Some of these features are listed below:i. Using light bulb for heating process. ii. Using thermistor for entering the temperature. iii. Using fan control the heat process. iv. 7 segment display to show the value of temperature in the incubator and setting value. v. Using analogy temperature sensor to detect the temperature at the incubator vi. Using PIC16F877A microcontroller to control the overall processBy considering all of the above literature our incubator should be made with readily available materials, relatively cheap and be within the buying capacity of local farmers, able to hatch different shapes and sizes of egg, have higher capacity compared to natural methods, be simple to operate and maintain by local farmers.

Chapter Thre3. System Design and AnalysisOn this chapter the required block diagram and software parts are described in detail and thesystem overviews and design and analysis will be clarify.3.1 System block diagram and Operations

Figure 3.1 system block diagramThis block diagram is built to identify the inputs and outputs that will be used in our project. It consists of a combination of all of the problems encountered and different information. From this diagram some of the components are; 3.1.1 Power supplyThe DC source was designed with a rectifier and filter circuit. A full bridge rectifier was chosen because they have less ripple than a half bridge rectifier because the frequency is twice as fast. This means the filter has to supply the voltage for only half as long so it has less time.We have used Transformer with rating of 220/12V which steps down the voltage level from 220 V AC to required voltage level to feed the system.3.1.2 PIC16F877A MicrocontrollerPIC 16F877 is one of the most advanced microcontroller from Microchip. This controller is widely used for experimental and modern applications because of its low price, wide range of applications, high quality, and ease of availability. It is ideal for applications such as machine control applications, measurement devices, study purpose, and so on. General Features High performance RISC CPU. ONLY 35 simple word instructions. All single cycle instructions except for program branches which are two cycles. Operating speed: clock input (200MHz), instruction cycle (200nS). Up to 3688bit of RAM (data memory), 2568 of EEPROM (data memory), and 8k14 of flash memory. Pin out compatible to PIC 16C74B, PIC 16C76, PIC 16C77. Eight level deep hardware stack. Interrupt capability (up to 14 sources). Different types of addressing modes (direct, Indirect, relative addressing modes). Power on Reset (POR). Power-Up Timer (PWRT) and oscillator start-up timer. Low power- high speed CMOS flash/EEPROM. Fully static design. Wide operating voltage range (2.0 5.56) volts. High sink/source current (25mA). Commercial, industrial and extended temperature ranges. Low power consumption (