senior science - acehsc€¦ · senior science section i (continued) student number part b – 60...

Centre Number

Student Number

2008TRIAL HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE

EXAMINATION

Senior Science

General Instructions

1. Reading time – 5 minutes

• Working time – 3 hours

• Write using blue or black pen

• Draw diagrams using pencil

• Board-approved calculators may be used

• Use the Data Sheet and Periodic Tableprovided

• Use Multiple Choice Answer Sheet provided

• Write your Centre Number and Student Number at the top of this page, page 2 and page 9

Total marks – 100

Section I Pages 4-20

75 marksThis section has two parts, Part A and Part B

Part A – 15 marks• Attempt Questions 1-15• Allow about 30 minutes for this part

Part B – 60 marks• Attempt Questions 16-28• Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this

part

Section II Pages 21-31

25 marks• Attempt ONE question from Questions 31-35• Allow about 45 minutes for this section

DisclaimerEvery effort has been made to prepare this Examination in accordance with the Board of Studies documents. No guarantee or warranty is made or implied that the Examination paper mirrors in every respect the actual HSC Examination question paper in this course. This paper does not constitute ‘advice’ nor can it be construed as an authoritative interpretation of Board of Studies intentions. No liability for any reliance use or purpose related to this paper is taken. Advice on HSC examination issues is only to be obtained from the NSW Board of Studies. The publisher does not accept any responsibility for accuracy of papers which have been modified.

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correct

Centre Number Student NumberYEAR 12 TRIAL HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION 2008

SENIOR SCIENCE – MULTIPLE CHOICE ANSWER SHEET

Select the alternative A, B, C, or D that best answers the question. Fill in the response oval completely.

Sample 2 + 4 = (A) 2 (B) 6 (C) 8 (D) 9

A B C D

If you think you have made a mistake, put a cross through the incorrect answer and fill in the new answer.

A B C D

If you have changed your mind and have crossed out what you consider to be the correct answer, then indicate this by writing the word correct and drawing an arrow as follows:

A B C D

ATTEMPT ALL QUESTIONSQuestion 1 A B C D

2 A B C D

3 A B C D

4 A B C D

5 A B C D

6 A B C D

7 A B C D

8 A B C D

9 A B C D

10 A B C D

11 A B C D

12 A B C D

13 A B C D

14 A B C D15 A B C D

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BLANK PAGE

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Section I75 marks

Part A – 15 marksAttempt Questions 1-15Allow about 30 minutes for this part

Use the Multiple Choice Answer Sheet provided

1 The diagram shows a container holding water and bubbles of carbon dioxide. This is best described as:

(A) a solution

(B) an emulsion

(C) a colloid

(D) a gel.

2 A news report had the following text to accompany the photograph. ‘A tiny robot just over 7 cm long has been made to mimic long-legged bugs known as water striders or pond skaters. It has six legs: two front, two back and two out to the side, which row back and forth to propel it forward.

Made of a lightweight metal, the robot weighs only 0.6 grams. But the lightness alone is not what keeps it walking on water.

Tiny hairs on the ends of its legs that repel water keep the actual insect afloat.’

The most likely reason for the ability of the robot to walk on water was due to the:

(A) robot being able to move quickly

(B) surface tension of water

(C) robot being so small

(D) robot having six legs.

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3 What does this sentence define? ‘Practices associated with ensuring good health and cleanliness.’

(A) medication

(B) vitamins

(C) cosmetics

(D) hygiene.

4 Which is the best description of the term ‘microflora’ with reference to humans?

(A) microscopic organisms

(B) beneficial bacteria

(C) harmful bacteria

(D) organisms only found in the digestive system.

5 The diagram shows the different pellets present in a slow release capsule. What is the most likely reason for a drug to be prepared in such a way?

(A) To increase the solubility of the tablet.

(B) To reduce cost of manufacture

(C) To improve the taste

(D) To ensure that the drug acts over long period of time.

6 Which is the most likely to include UHMWPE in its structure?

(A) artificial joint

(B) cochlear implant

(C) dental crown

(D) heart valve.

5 Angioplasty is :

(A) a non-invasive medical procedure

(B) a technique to increase the blood flow between the heart and blood vessels

(C) a diagnostic tool

(D) used to keep blood flowing in an unconscious person.

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8 Which of the choices below correctly matches a biomaterial with its properties?

Structure Function(A) Silicone Flexible(B) Superalloy Low friction(C) Teflon Extremely rigid(D) Pyrolytic carbon High electrical conductivity

9 The diagram show examples of

(A) artificial hip joints

(B) artificial heart valves

(C) electronic pacemakers

(D) subdermal implants.

10 Which of the following words correctly completes the sentence? ‘As we inhale, the _____________ contracts and straightens out.’

(A) trachea

(B) bronchus

(C) chest

(D) diaphragm.

11 Which of the responses in the table correctly identifies the type of electromagnetic radiation and a common use associated with it?

Types of Electromagnetic RadiationRadio Waves Microwaves Infra red Visible light

(A) Satellite links Mobile Phones Television remote control

Fibre optics

(B) Mobile phone Television remote control

FM radio stations

Land-line telephone

(C) Television station

Land-line telephone

Fibre optics FM radio stations

(D) FM radio station Satellite television

Television remote control

Televisionstation

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12 Identify the technique used in electronic communication that is shown in the diagrams:

(A) amplification

(B) decoding

(C) modulation

(D) digitisation.

13 Which is the correct description of the following sequence of electromagnetic radiation: visible light, radio waves (AM, FM, TV) and microwaves?

(A) frequency increases, wavelength decreases

(B) frequency increases, wavelength increases

(C) frequency decreases, wavelength decreases

(D) frequency decreases, wavelength increases.

14 Which of the following does not describe geostationary satellites? They:

(A) are approximately 36 000 km above Earth with a period of revolution of 23 hours 56 minutes

(B) orbit the Earth from Pole to Pole

(C) are very useful to relay live telecasts from one part of the Earth to another

(D) are placed above the Equator.

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15 Which of the following would be most likely to give rise to a signal as shown below?

(A) Facsimile machine to facsimile machine through a telephone line

(B) AM radio signal

(C) FM radio signal

(D) Speech into a microphone.

End of Section I – Part A

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2008 TRIAL HIGHER SCHOOL CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION

Centre Number

Senior ScienceSection I (continued)

Student Number

Part B – 60 marksAttempt Questions 16-29Allow about 1 hour and 45 minutes for this part

Answer the questions in the spaces provided.

Show all relevant working in questions involving calculations.

MarksQuestion 16 (3 marks)A student placed some cream (an oil-in-water emulsion) in a container and shook it for fifteen minutes. It changed to butter, a water-in-oil emulsion.

(a) Give a definition for ‘emulsion’.

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1

(b) Draw labelled diagrams that show the different arrangement of liquids in cream and butter.

2

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Question 17 (5 marks) Marks

A student looked at the label on the liquid soap that was used in the metal work room. She decided to test the claims of the manufacturer. Part of her investigation is detailed below. Method. Water and oil were placed in test tubes. Different soaps (including KLENSO) were mixed with the water and oil. One test tube didn’t have any soap added. The test tubes were stoppered and shaken. Each was examined to see if the oil had dissolved and then left to see if the oil separated out again.

Results

(a) Explain why a cleaning agent must be a surfactant and an emulsifier. 2

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(b) Discuss the reliability and validity of the student’s experiment.

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3


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As part of your practical work you will have examined prepared slides of human skin under a microscope:(a) Outline how you carried out this investigation.

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(b) Give three observations you made regarding human skin during this investigation.

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(c) Human skin has a narrow range of pH values. State the natural pH that you might expect of the skin of an average person.

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(d) Identify two factors that affect the pH of skin.

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2

2

1

1

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The table below shows the concentration of a pharmaceutical over a period of time after a patient had a subdermal implant

(a) Explain what is meant by a subdermal implant.

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(b) Draw a line-graph using the data above.

1

3

1

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Concn.pg.mL-1

710 440 370 330 305 290 280 270 260 251

Time (months)

0 3 6 9 12 13 14 15 18 21

(c) Using the graph, estimate the time taken for the original concentration to fall to 50% of its value.

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A cataract can cloud the lens in a human eye. One way to remedy this is by an intra ocular lens implant that replaces the faulty original lens with a synthetic one.

(a) Identify a specific material that could be used to manufacture the artificial lens.

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(b) Identify two properties of the material that would make it suitable for this purpose.

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1

1

Question 21 (4 marks)Complete the table showing the relationship between parts of the heart, their structure and function.

1

1

1

1

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A group of students investigated how heartbeat rate changes as a result of exercise. They used a motorised treadmill to help them with their project. This device provides a steady pace for people to walk or run at. Four different students took part in the trial. The treadmill was set at 10 kilometres per hour and the pulse rate of the student was taken before starting on the treadmill. The student then ran on the treadmill at this pace for 5 minutes. The pulse rate (beats per minute, b.p.m) was taken immediately after stepping off the treadmill and again ten minutes later. Their results are shown in the column graph.

(a) Outline how pulse rate could be measured.

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Question 22 (continued)

(b) Give two observations

that could be made from

the column graph.

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(c) Another group of students of the same age did a similar experiment, but ran around a football pitch for five minutes. Explain why they might have got different results compared to the first group.

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Marks1

2

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0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Jess Max Vic Alice

Hea

rt r

ate

(bp

m)

Rest

Exercise

After 10


Question 24 (2 marks)

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Many football players have suffered from femoroacetabular impingement (FAI). In this condition a small bony bump (lesion) develops on the head of the femur. It grinds against the cartilage in the joint and arthritis can result. One treatment is to surgically remove the bump using arthroscopy.

(a) Identify the specific type of joint present between the hip and the femur.………………………………

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(b) As well as cartilage, what is present in the joint between these two bones?

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(c) Describe another way to repair faulty hip joints.

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1

1

2

Cardiac arrest is when the heart stops beating. Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) can increase the chance of survival of someone suffering a cardiac arrest. Explain why CPR can maintain life when the heart has ceased beating.

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2


The diagram shows a modern medical technique that has only been made possible by technical advances.

(a) Identify the technique shown.

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(b) Discuss its importance in medicine.

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1

3

Question 26 (1 mark)

One way to classify information systems is to divide them into verbal and non-verbal. Identify two other ways to classify information systems.

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1

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Question 27 (4 marks) MarksMany people no longer have telephones connected to land lines, but rely completely on mobile phones (cell phones).

(a) Compare these two types of telephone systems.

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4


The following sequence shows the energy changes associated with a particular type of communication device.

(a) Identify the device.

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(b) Show the equivalent energy changes for another named communication device.

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1

1

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Microwaves and radio waves are commonly used in communication systems.

(a) Identify two other types of electromagnetic radiation that are used in communication technologies.

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(b) With regards to the properties of microwaves and radio waves, compare the advantages and disadvantages of using these types of electromagnetic radiation in communication technologies.

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(c) The speed of electromagnetic radiation is an important factor in its use in communication devices. A student read that it took 0.24 seconds for a signal to travel from a ground station to a satellite 36,000 km above the Earth and then return. Calculate the speed of the signal. Show working.

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(d) Identify two other properties of electromagnetic radiation that make it useful for communicating.

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1

3

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1

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A major international telecommunications firm is seeking to increase its business both inside Australia and between Australia and the rest of the world. It already has a sizable stake in land line telephones, mobile telephones and ‘pay for view’ television. In addition to expanding these it is interested in the market for secure data transfer eg: in banking. In order to secure a stake in these markets the company would need to invest heavily in upgrading its systems to carry the huge increase in information. Discuss the suitability of the various systems available to deliver ‘pay for view’ television and secure data transmission.

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7

End of Section I – Part B

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BUSINESS NEWS

Eurocom has announced a plan to massively increase its spending on infrastructure in Australia. Already commanding a significant part of the Australian phone and Pay TV market it seeks to increase its share in these areas and also enter the financial data sector. Specialists are examining both traditional and newly emerging technologies in order to choose which are best to deliver these services at a competitive price.


Senior ScienceSection II

25 marksAttempt ONE question from Questions 31-35Allow about 45 minutes for this section

Answer the question in a SEPARATE writing booklet.

Show all relevant working in questions involving calculations.

Page

Question 31 Polymers...............................................................................................22-23

Question 32 Preservatives and Additives..................................................................24-25

Question 33 Pharmaceuticals....................................................................................26-27

Question 34 Disasters................................................................................................28-29

Question 35 Space Science........................................................................................30-31

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Question 31 – Polymers (25 marks) Marks

(a) During the study of this option you will have carried out a range of practical activities. Before carrying out practical work it is necessary to consider any possible safety considerations. For a named investigation identify the safety aspects considered and how you ensured that the investigation was carried out in a safe manner.

3

(b) A group of students was given the task of comparing two plastics that had very similar appearances. One was thermoplastic and the other was a thermosetting plastic. They carried out a range of tests on the two substances. Below is part of their results.

Test ResultsA B

Bend and release Cracked Returned to original shape

Placed in boiling water No change MeltedHeated in Bunsen burner flame

Smoked Burned

(i) Identify which is the thermoplastic and which is the thermosetting plastic. Explain your answer.

2

(ii) Name an example of a thermoplastic. 1

(iii) Name an example of a thermosetting plastic. 1

(iv) Describe how the students could ensure that their results were valid. 2

Question 31 continues over page

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Question 31 (continued)(c) (i) A manufacturer was contacted by a government agency to make

protective overalls for fire-fighters and workers in other related emergency services. The uniforms had to be durable, safe, able to be produced in a range of colours and stored for several years. The company finally narrowed down its choice of material to three types and carried out a range of tests on these.

Property tested Brand of materialX Y Z

Strength Good Fair ExcellentElasticity Good Excellent GoodEffects of acids and alkalis

Good resistance Badly affected Slightly affected

Thermal properties

Good Fair Fair

Resistance to biological attack

Good Excellent Poor

Based on these results, which material would you recommend? Explain your answer.

Marks

2(ii).

Outline another test that could be carried out to ensure that the best material had been chosen. 1

(iii) The manufacturer had also been asked to make bullet proof vests for a police force. Identify a material that would be used for this use and give the properties that would make this material suitable.

2

(d) Industry uses a coding system to identify the types plastics used in consumer materials. Give reasons why this code is used and describe the coding system.

4

(e) Synthetic polymers have become very popular. One reason is that their properties can be ‘tailor-made’ to have very specific properties directed towards a particular use. Because of this, and other factors, synthetic polymers have made a major impact on society. Assess this impact.

7

End of Question 31

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Question 32 – Preservatives and Additives (25 marks) Marks


3

(b) Consumers have come to expect a wide range of foods all through the year, whether or not these foods are in season or available locally. For some of these foods to be available, they have to be preserved. Food preservation techniques can be physical or chemical.

(i) Outline the major differences between physical and chemical food preservation techniques.

2

(ii) Identify two physical preservation techniques. 1

(iii) Identify two chemical preservation techniques. 1

(iv) For a named example of physical preservation, discuss the effectiveness of this technique.

2

(c) The diagram below shows part of a student’s report on a practical investigation she had undertaken.

(i) Identify the phenomenon modelled in the diagram. 1

(ii) Explain why the student obtained the results shown.

3


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(d) What do the following have in common? Campylobacter, Clostridium, E coli, Lactobacillus and Salmonella?

1

(e) What does the following describe? ‘A substance produced by bacteria to inhibit the growth of similar or closely related bacterial strain(s).’

1

(f) Fruit ‘juices’ and fruit ‘drinks’ are often found close together in supermarket shelves and are often in similar packaging. Discuss the difference between these two types of competing products.

3

(g) Preservatives and additives are routinely added to commercially prepared food. Whilst this has brought many advantages to the Australian consumer, not everyone thinks that these substances are always beneficial. Assess the positive and negative use of preservatives and additives.

7

End of Question 32

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Question 33 – Pharmaceuticals (25 marks) Marks


2

(b) The diagram shows a simplified version of the human nervous system.

Identify the two major components of the nervous system shown that are responsible for the detection and interpretation of signals from outside and inside the body.

1

(c) Muscles and glands can both be classified as ‘effectors’. Discuss their similarities and differences.

3


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(d)


The illustration shows a component of blood.

Marks

(i) Identify the object. 1

(ii) Describe its role. 1

(e) While a student was handling a rough piece of wood, a splinter stuck into his hand. He was distracted by other matters and forgot to treat the wound. In a few days he noticed the area was inflamed and sore. He then cleaned the area, put a plaster on it and then took two aspirin.

(i) Injury can cause inflammation. Identify two other causes of inflammation.

1

(ii) Present information to illustrate the physiological responses to damaged tissue.

4

(iii) Give reasons why the student took aspirin and explain how aspirin works.

3

(f) Identify the types of bacteria shown as X, Y and Z. 2

(g) The introduction of antibiotics has revolutionised medicine. However, concerns have risen that bacteria are becoming resistant to antibiotics. Assess these concerns.

7

End of Question 33

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Question 34 – Disasters (25 marks) Marks


3

(b) Disasters can be caused by humans or be simply natural events. In any case they are unwelcome events.

(i) Give a definition for disaster. 1

(ii) Identify an organisation that might want to have a definition for disaster and state the reason(s) for this.

2

(c) The diagram shows the plotting of areas of the same atmospheric pressure.

(i) Identify the lines joining areas of the same air pressure. 1

(ii) In which direction will any winds blow? Justify your answer. 1

(iii) Discuss why relative changes in air pressure in an area are studied by scientists.

2


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(d)


All schools must have procedures in place to deal with emergencies. Probably the most common is an evacuation drill.

(i) For a school (or other institution), describe the procedure for an evacuation drill.

2

(ii) Assess the effectiveness of the procedure. 2

(e) (ii) Discuss other measures a person could take to minimise the risk of damage by bushfires.

(i) Describe the energy transformations that would take place when this system operates.

2

(ii) Discuss the measures a person could take to minimise the risk of bushfires.

2

(f) Emergency services have increasingly used technology to assist them in their task of protecting the public. Assess the impacts of technological developments on the warning that can be provided about impending disasters.

7

End of Question 34

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Question 35 –Space Science (25 marks) Marks


2

(b) All matter is made of particles. Describe how particles are distributed in solids, liquids, gases and in space.

2

(c) Astronauts can feel ‘weightless’ when in orbit around the Earth. Passengers on a rollercoaster can (briefly) experience the same sensation.

(i) Discuss why an astronaut in orbit around the Earth would experience apparent weightlessness.

1

(ii) Identify another situation on Earth where you could experience ‘weightlessness’.

1


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(d) Astronauts need to eat and drink whilst in space. This can cause problems when normal Earth gravity is not present. As well as problems with ingestion, the foodstuffs themselves can cause problems. When eating bread, the crumbs generated floated around and interfered with equipment. Flour tortillas have replaced bread because they don’t break into crumbs. Foods are individually packaged for ease of storage and handling in microgravity.

Marks

(i) Define ingestion and how this process occurs in the absence of gravity. 2

(ii) Describe how containers are designed so as to reduce any spillage. 2

(iii) Describe how food and drink could be stored and transported for use by astronauts.

2

(e) People have looked into the night sky for many thousands of years. The use of technology has increased the amount of information we have gained. Telescopes can be based on Earth or located in space. Optical telescopes are often built on high mountains. The Hubble space telescope (pictured) has been one of the most successful pieces of technology in gathering information about space.

(i) Explain why Earth-based optical telescopes have been built on high mountains.

2

(ii) Identify the type of information gathered by the Hubble space telescope. 2

(iii) Name one other piece of recent technology that has been used to gain information on space and identify the type of information gathered.

2

(f) Working in space can affect an astronaut’s health. NASA has voiced its concerns as time they spend in space has increased from weeks on the shuttle to several months on the International Space Station, and perhaps to years on a mission to another planet.

Discuss the physiological problems that can arise from prolonged exposure in space and how these problems could be minimised.

7

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End of Paper

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SENIOR SCIENCE – MARKING GUIDELINES

The sample answers indicate features that should be found in a response that receives full marks. For the extended response questions, a set of guidelines is included rather than a sample answer.

Section IPart A – 15 marksQuestions 1-15 (1 mark each)

Question Correct Response Outcomes Assessed Targeted Performance Bands

1 B H2 2-32 C H8 2-33 D H4, H7 2-34 A H9 35 D H8 4-56 A H8 2-37 B H9 2-38 A H8 2-39 B H8, H9 2-310 D H9 3-411 A H10 312 C H10 313 A H10 4-514 B H3, H4 3-415 A H10 3-4

Disclaimer Every effort has been made to prepare this Examination in accordance with the Board of Studies documents. No guarantee or warranty is made or implied that the Examination paper mirrors in every respect the actual HSC Examination question paper in this course. This paper does not constitute ‘advice’ nor can it be construed as an authoritative interpretation of Board of Studies intentions. No liability for any reliance use or purpose related to this paper is taken. Advice on HSC examination issues is only to be obtained from the NSW Board of Studies. The publisher does not accept any responsibility for accuracy of papers which have been modified.

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2008 Trial HSC Examination Mapping GridSenior Science

Exam Section

Question Marks Syllabus/Course outcomes

Content Targeted performance

band

Answer

Part A – Multiple Choice

1 1 H2 9.2.1 2-3 B2 1 H8 9.2.1 2-3 C3 1 H4, H7 9.2.1 2-3 D4 1 H9 9.2.3 3 A5 1 H8 9.2.4 4-5 D6 1 H8 9.3.3 2-3 A7 1 H9 9.3.2 2-3 B8 1 H8 9.3.3 2-3 A9 1 H8, H9 9.3.1/2 2-3 B10 1 H9 9.3.4 3-4 D11 1 H10 9.3.4 3 A12 1 H10 9.4.2 3 C13 1 H10 9.4.3 4-5 A14 1 H3, H4 9.4.4 3-4 B15 1 H10 9.4.5 3-4 A16a 1 H8 9.2.2 3-416b 2 H8 9.2.2 3-417a 2 H8 9.2.2 4-517b 3 H2, H12, H14 9.2.1 4-618a 2 H9 9.2.3 3-418b 2 H9 9.2.3 4-518c 1 H9 9.2.3 2-318d 1 H9 9.2.3 2-319a 1 H8, H9 9.2.4 319b 3 H13.1 f/g 9.2.4 4-619c 1 H8, H9 9.2.4 220a 1 H8, H9 9.3.1 3-420b 2 H8, H9 9.3.1 4-521 4 H9 9.3.2 322a 2 H9 9.3.2 3-422b 1 H12.3c 9.3.2 3-422c 2 H12.4d 9.3.2 4-523a 1 H9 9.3.3 2-323b 1 H9 9.3.3 2-323c 2 H4, H9 9.3.3 4-524 2 H7, H9 9.3.4 4-525a 1 H7, H10 9.3.5 3-425b 3 H4, H7 9.3.5 4-5


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26 1 H3 9.4.1 227 4 H4, H10 9.4.1 4-528a 1 H10 9.4.1 328b 1 H10 9.4.1 329a 1 H4, H10 9.4.2 229b 3 H4, H10 9.4.2 4-629c 1 H13.1d 9.4.3 2-329d 1 H10 9.4.3 2-330 7 H4, H10, H13 9.4.3/4/6 5-6

Part IIOption 1

31a 3 H11.3b, H12b 9.5.1/2/3 3-531b i 2 H8 9.5.3 3-431b ii 1 H8 9.5.3 231b iii 1 H8 9.5.3 231b iv 2 H12.4.d 9.5.3 4-6

31c i 2 H8 9.5.1 3-4

31c ii 1 H12 9.5.1 3-4

31c iii 2 H8 9.5.2 2-3

31d 4 H8, H13 9.5.4 4-5

31e 7 H8, H13 9.5.2/3/4 4-6

Part IIOption 2

32a 3 H11.3b, H12b 9.6.1/2/3 3-532b i 2 H8, H10 9,6,2 3-432b ii 1 H8, H10 9.6.2 232b iii 1 H8 9.6.2 232b iv 2 H8, H10 9,6,2 4-532c i 1 H8 9.6.3 232c ii 3 H8 9.6.3 4-632d 1 H9 9.6.3 232e 1 H9 9.6.4 2-332f 3 H8 9.6.5 3-432g 7 H8, H13 9.6.2/3/5 4-6

Part II – Option 3

33a 3 H11.3b, H12b 9.7.1/2/3/4 3-533b 1 H9 9.7.1 2-333c 3 H9, H10 9.7.1 4-533d i 1 H9 9.7.2 233d ii 1 H7, H9 9.7.2 3-433e i 1 H7, H9 9.7.3 2-333e ii 4 H7, H9 9.7.3 3-533e iii 2 H8, H9 9.7.3 3-533f 2 H9 9.7.4 2-333g 7 H3, H4, H5, H13 9.7.4 4-6


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Part IIOption 4

34a 3 H11.3b, H12b 9.8.3/4 3-534b i 1 H13 9.8.1 2-334b ii 2 H13 9.8.1 334c i 1 H12.3c 9.8.1 2

34c ii 1 H12.4c 9.8.2 3

34c iii 2 H14.1d 9.8.2 3-4

34d i 2 H13 9.8.4 3-4

34d ii 2 H13 9.8.4 3-5

34e i 2 H10 9.8.4 3

34e ii 2 H7 9.8.3 2-334f 7 H3, H4, H13 9.8.2/5 4-6

Part IIOption 5

35a 2 H11.3b, H12b 9.9.3 3-535b 2 H8 9.9.1 2-335c i 1 H10 9.9.2 4-535c ii 1 H10 9.9.2 235d i 2 H9 9.9.3 3-435d ii 2 H4 9.9.3 3-435d iii 2 H4 9.9.3 3-435e i 2 H3 9.9.5 2-335e ii 2 H3, H4 9.9.5 3

35e iii 2 H3, H4 9.9.5 2-3

35f 7 H3, H4, H13 9.9.3 4-6


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Section I75 marks

Part B – 60 marksQuestion 16(a) (1 mark)Outcomes Assessed: H8, Targeted Performance Bands: 3-4

Criteria Mark• Correctly defines emulsion 1

Sample answer

Mixture of liquids not soluble in each other that don’t settle out/separate.

(b) (2 marks)Outcomes Assessed: H8Targeted Performance Bands: 3-4

Criteria Marks• Correctly labelled diagrams drawn showing cream as oil in water and

butter as water in oil emulsion2

Sample answer


(a) (2 marks)Outcomes Assessed: H8Targeted Performance Bands: 4-5

Criteria Marks• Gives reasons for surfactant and emulsifier 2• Gives reason for surfactant or emulsifier 1

Sample answerSurfactant reduces surface tension and removes dirt/grease. Emulsifier is needed to keep particles suspended.


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Question 17 (continued)(b) (3 marks)Outcomes Assessed: H2, H12, H14Targeted Performance Bands: 4-6

Criteria Marks• Defines reliability and validity and raises at least two points 3• Defines reliability and validity and raises one point 2• Defines reliability or validity and raises one point 1

Sample answerReliability means that anyone who carries out the some procedure will get the same results. Validity is when the experiment does actually test what it is meant to do. There was a control (no cleanser). But no volumes mentioned, no time how long shaken, n time how long left to settle.

Question 18 (6 marks)(a) (2 marks)Outcomes Assessed: H9Targeted Performance Bands: 3-4

Criteria Marks• Clear outline with at least four operations described 2• Clear outline with two operations described 1

Sample answerPlace slide on stage. Adjust light source to shine on slide. Select lowest power objective. Focus on specimen. Move to next magnification. Draw and/or take notes.


Criteria Marks• Gives at least three observations/features 2• Gives two observations/features 1

Sample answerThree layers of skin (epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue), hair, follicles, blood vessels, pores, sweat glands.


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Question 18 (continued) (c) (1 mark)Outcomes Assessed: H9Targeted Performance Bands: 2-3

Criteria Mark• States number in accepted range 1

Sample answerAround pH 5.5.

(d) (1 mark)Outcomes Assessed: H9Targeted Performance Bands: 2-3

Criteria Mark• Correctly identifies two factors 1

Sample answerSweat, microflora and natural oils produced by skin.

Question 19 (5 marks)(a) (1 mark)Outcomes Assessed: H8, H9Targeted Performance Band: 3

Criteria Mark• Correct explanation/definition 1

Sample answerAn object (usually containing pharmaceutical) placed underneath surface of skin.

(b) (3 marks)

Outcomes Assessed: H13.1 f/gTargeted Performance Bands: 4-6

Criteria Marks• Draws accurate line graph with all features 3• Draws accurate line graph with most features 2• Draws accurate line graph with some features 1

Sample answerShould include: title, labelled axes, units, points plotted correctly, best fit line graph, drawn in pencil, appropriate scale.


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Question 19 (continued) (c) (1 mark)Outcomes Assessed: H8, H9Targeted Performance Band: 2

Criteria Mark• Identifies two appropriate methods 1

Sample answerInjection, by mouth eg: tablet, capsule.

Question 20 (2 marks)(a) (1 mark)Outcomes Assessed: H8, H9Targeted Performance Bands: 3-4

Criteria Mark• Identifies appropriate material 1

Sample answerPMMA silicone rubber.

(b) (2 marks)Outcomes Assessed: H8, H9Targeted Performance Bands: 4-5

Criteria Marks• Identifies two appropriate properties 2

Sample answerTransparent, flexible, biocompatible.

Question 21 (4 marks)Outcomes Assessed: H9Targeted Performance Bands: 3

Criteria Marks• 7 or 8 correct responses 4• 5 or 6 correct responses 3• 3 or 4 correct responses 2• 2 correct responses 1


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Question 22 (5 marks)(a) (2 marks)Outcomes Assessed: H9Targeted Performance Bands: 3-4

Criteria Marks• Clear outline with at least three points mentioned 2• Clear outline with two points mentioned 1

Sample answer


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Sample answer

Part of the heart Physical structure FunctionValve Flaps of tissue One-way flow of blood

Atrium Upper chamber of the heart

Collects blood from veins/passes blood to ventricle

Ventricle Lower chamber of heart Collects blood from atrium

Artery Blood vessel/tube Carries blood away from heart

Place fingers on pulse point, eg: wrist, count pulses for 15 seconds, multiply by four. Or comments specific to a data logger and probe. Or comments specific to electronic blood monitor.

(b) (1 mark)Outcomes Assessed: H12.3cTargeted Performance Bands: 3-4

Criteria Mark• Gives two correct observations 1

Sample answerPulse rate increases during exercise, drops after 10 minutes, Vic has lowest resting pulse rate, Alice has highest exercising pulse rate, Jess has highest pulse rate after 10 minutes.


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Question 22 (continued)(c) (2 marks)Outcomes Assessed: H12.4dTargeted Performance Bands: 4-5

Criteria Marks• Gives two possible reasons 2• Gives one possible reasons 1

Sample answerCould be different sexes, different fitness abilities, those running may put in different efforts.

Question 23 (4 marks)(a) (1 mark)Outcomes Assessed: H9Targeted Performance Bands: 2-3

Criteria Mark•Correctly identifies joint 1

Sample answerBall and socket.

(b) (1 mark)Outcomes Assessed: H9Targeted Performance Bands: 2-3

Criteria Mark•Correctly identifies substance 1

Sample answerSynovial fluid.

(c) (2 marks)Outcomes Assessed: H4, H9Targeted Performance Bands: 4-5

Criteria Mark•Mentions 2 points 2•Mentions 1 point 1

Sample answerReplace ball and socket with artificial components, eg: superalloy ball.


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Question 24 (2 marks)Outcomes Assessed: H7, H9Targeted Performance Bands: 4-5

Criteria MarksIdentifies at least four features 2Identifies two features 1

Sample answerCPR has two aspects. Exhaled air takes over role of breathing, cardiac compression maintains circulation. Hence vital organs are supplied with oxygen.

Question 25 (4 marks)(a) (1 mark)Outcome Assessed: H7Targeted Performance Bands: 3-4

Criteria Mark•Correctly identifies technique 1

Sample answerThermography

(b) (3 marks)Outcomes Assessed: H10Targeted Performance Band: 4-5

Criteria Marks• Clear discussion raising at least three points 3• Clear discussion raising two points 2• Clear discussion raising one point 1

Sample answerIt is non-invasive; often tumors are a different temperature to rest of body can show things not seen by other methods, simpler and cheaper than many alternatives.

Question 26 (1 mark)Outcome Assessed: H3Targeted Performance Band: 2

Criteria Mark• Identifies two relevant systems 1

Sample answerShort/long distance, electronic/non-electronic.


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Question 27 (4 marks)Outcomes Assessed: H4, H10Targeted Performance Bands: 4-5

Criteria Marks• Clear discussion raising at least seven points 4• Clear discussion raising five or six points 3• Clear discussion raising three or four points 2• Discussion raising two points 1

Sample answerBoth transfer information, electronic, long distance, involve energy changes.Land connected phones have physical connections (copper wire or optic fibre) to exchange.Mobile phones transmit to exchange (via cells) by e.m.r, no physical restraints.


(a) (1 mark)Outcome Assessed: H10Targeted Performance Band: 3

Criteria Mark• Identifies the device 1

Sample answerMobile phone, radio.

(b) (1 mark)Outcome Assessed H10Targeted Performance Band: 3

Sample answerEg: for TV set, EMR →Electrical energy → light energy + sound energy.

Question 29 (6 marks)(a) (1 mark)Outcome Assessed: H4, H10Targeted Performance Band: 2

Criteria Mark• Identifies the two other types of e.m.r 1

Sample answerVisible light, infra red.Disclaimer Every effort has been made to prepare this Examination in accordance with the Board of Studies documents. No guarantee or warranty is made or implied that the Examination paper mirrors in every respect the actual HSC Examination question paper in this course. This paper does not constitute ‘advice’ nor can it be construed as an authoritative interpretation of Board of Studies intentions. No liability for any reliance use or purpose related to this paper is taken. Advice on HSC examination issues is only to be obtained from the NSW Board of Studies. The publisher does not accept any responsibility for accuracy of papers which have been modified.

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Criteria Mark• Names communication device and shows energy changes 1

Question 29 (continued)(b) (3 marks)Outcome Assessed: H4, H10Targeted Performance Bands: 4-6

Sample answerMicrowaves pass through ionosphere so can reach satellites, can carry lots of information. Absorbed by many substance, need special aerials.Radio waves are reflected by ionosphere, so be used for long-distance surface communications, can cover a wide area, established technology. Can be affected by interference, limited frequency range available.

(c) (1 mark)Outcome Assessed: H13.1dTargeted Performance Bands: 2-3

Criteria Mark• Shows calculation and correct answer including units 1

Sample answer(36,000 x 2) 0.24 = 300,000 kilometres per second.

(d) (1 mark)Outcome Assessed: H10Targeted Performance Bands: 2-3

Criteria Mark• Identifies two properties 1

Sample answerTravels in straight lines, can be reflected, can be modulated.


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Criteria Marks• Clear discussion raising at least five points 3• Clear discussion raising three or four points 2• Clear discussion raising two points 1

Question 30Outcomes Assessed: H10, H13Targeted Performance Bands: 5-6

Sample answerPay TV. Can use land-based transmitters (conventional technology), cable (optic fibre, would need large amounts of expensive cable), satellite (covers large area but needs special aerials and decoders).Secure data. Existing copper phone lines (cheap but not secure, can only carry limited amount of information), fibre optics (secure, can carry large amount of info).


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Criteria Marks• Clear discussion raising at least seven points 7• Clear discussion raising six points 6• Clear discussion raising five points 5• Clear discussion raising four points 4• Clear discussion raising three points 3• Clear discussion raising two points 2• Discussion raising two points 1

OPTION Questions

Question 31 Polymers (25 marks)(a) (3 marks)Outcomes Assessed: H1.3b, H12bTargeted Performance Bands: 3-5

Criteria Marks• Names investigation and mentions at least three considerations 3• Names investigation and mentions two considerations 2• Names investigation and mentions one considerations 1

Sample answerCould include comparing properties of natural polymers, making playdough or ‘slime’, effect of temperature or dye on polymer.

(b) (i) (2 marks)Outcome Assessed: H8Targeted Performance Bands: 3-4

Sample answerThe thermoplastic is B and thermosetting plastic is A. Thermoplastics soften and melt when heated, thermosetting plastics don’t.

(b) (ii) (1 mark)Outcome Assessed: H8, Targeted Performance Band: 2

Criteria Mark• Names thermoplastic 1

Sample answerEg: PVC, nylon, polystyrene or Perspex.


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Criteria Marks• Correct identification and appropriate reason for both plastics 2• Correct identification or appropriate reason for both plastics 1

Question 31 (continued) (b) (iii) (1 mark)Outcome Assessed: H8 Targeted Performance Band: 2

Criteria Mark• Names thermosetting plastic 1

Sample answerVulcanized rubber, bakelite, melamine (Formica) or epoxy resins.

(b) (iv) (2 marks)Outcome Assessed: H12.4dTargeted Performance Bands: 4-6

Criteria Marks• Identifies at least three items to be controlled 2• Identifies two items to be controlled 1

Sample answerEnsure same size of sample, same length of time being heated, heated to same temperature, same amount of bend.

(c) (i) (2 marks)Outcome Assessed: H8Targeted Performance Bands: 3-4

Criteria Marks• Names most suitable material and gives reasons 2• Names most suitable material 1

Sample answerMaterial X, it meets more of the criteria than other materials.

(c) (ii) (1 mark)Outcome Assessed: H12Targeted Performance Bands: 3-4

Criteria Mark• Identifies test 1

Sample answerEg: ability to be dyed or durability.


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Question 31 (continued)(c) (iii) (2 mark)Outcome Assessed: H8Targeted Performance Bands: 2-3

Criteria Marks• Identifies material and gives two properties 2• Identifies material and gives one property 1

Sample answerKevlar, lightweight and very strong.

(d) (4 marks)Outcome Assessed: H8, H13Targeted Performance Bands: 4-5

Sample answerThere are too many plastics to be identified just by appearance, need to identify plastic for future disposal or recycling. Consists of the numbers 1 to 7 enclosed in a triangular symbol, sometimes with initials underneath, as shown.

(e) (7 marks)Outcome Assessed: H8, H13Targeted Performance Bands: 4-6

Criteria Marks• Shows understanding of the issue and raises at least seven relevant points 7• Shows understanding of the issue and raises six relevant points 6• Shows understanding of the issue and raises five relevant points 5• Shows understanding of the issue and raises four relevant points

4• Shows some understanding of the issue and raises three relevant points 3• Shows some understanding of the issue and raises two relevant points 2• Raises one relevant point 1


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Criteria Marks• Gives reasons and describes coding system, using at least four examples 4• Gives reasons and describes coding system, using three examples 3• Gives reasons or describes coding system, using two examples 2• Gives reason or describes coding system, using one example 1


Sample answer could include:• Have replaced many natural materials• Very versatile• Cheaper than natural products• Enable production of objects not previously possible to make • Use non-renewable resources (petrochemicals)• People starting to recycle plastics• Not biodegradable• When do break down gave give off harmful substances• Can be a danger to wildlife


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Question 32 – Preservatives and Additives (25 marks)

(a) (3 marks)Outcomes Assessed: H1.3b, H12bTargeted Performance Bands: 3-5


Sample answerCould include solubility tests on nitrates, nitrites and sulfites or pH of consumer products.

(b) (i) (2 marks)Outcome Assessed: H8Targeted Performance Bands: 3-4

Criteria Marks• Mentions at least four points 2• Mentions two points 1

Sample answerPhysical preservation usually involves a physical change that can kill, slow down the growth or exclude microorganisms. Chemical preservation involves addition of chemicals to kill or slow down the growth of microorganisms.

(b) (ii) (1 mark)Outcome Assessed: H8, H10Targeted Performance Band: 2

Criteria Mark• Identifies two techniques 1

Sample answerHeat, cool, freeze, irradiate or seal.

(b) (iii) (1 mark)Outcomes Assessed: H8, H10Targeted Performance Band: 2

Criteria Mark• Identifies two techniques 1

Sample answerAdd chemicals such as vinegar, benzoates, nitrites, nitrates, sulfites or sugar.


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Question 32 (continued)(b) (iv) (2 marks)Outcomes Assessed: H8, H10Targeted Performance Bands: 4-5

Criteria Marks• Names technique and mentions at least two points 2• Names technique and mentions one point 1

Sample answerShould include eg: how well foodstuff remains edible, retains flavour and appearance and how microbes are killed/controlled.

(c) (i) (1 mark)Outcome Assessed: H8Targeted Performance Band: 2

Criteria Mark• Identifies phenomenon 1

Sample answerOsmosis.

(c) (ii) (3 marks)Outcome Assessed: H8Targeted Performance Band: 4-6

Criteria Marks• Demonstrates knowledge of phenomenon and mentions at least three points 3• Demonstrates knowledge of phenomenon and mentions two points 2• Demonstrates knowledge of phenomenon and mentions one point 1

Sample answerWhenever two solutions of different concentrations are separated by a semi-permeable membrane water will flow from the lesser concentration to the higher concentration until the concentrations are equalised.

(d) (1 mark)Outcome Assessed: H9Targeted Performance Band: 2

Criteria MarkIdentifies two common properties 1

Sample answerAll are microbes that cause spoilage of food.


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Question 32 (continued)(e) (1 mark)Outcome Assessed: H9Targeted Performance Bands: 2-3

Criteria Mark• Correct identification 1

Sample answerBacteriocin.

(f) (3 marks)Outcomes Assessed: H8Targeted Performance Bands: 3-4

Criteria Marks•Distinguishes between products and mentions at least three points 3• Distinguishes between products and mentions two points 2• Distinguishes between products and mentions one point 1

Sample answerBoth contain some fruit. If it is described as 'juice' it should be to natural juice or reconstituted juice that is the normal concentration of that fruit juice. (Reconstituted – concentated extract that has water added to bring back to original concentration). Juice can have some preservatives, herbs spices and sugar added. Any additives must be listed. Fruit drink contains fruit and/or fruit products, but doesn’t have to replicate thye concentration of the natural product.

(g) (7 marks)Outcomes Assessed: H8, H13Targeted Performance Bands: 4-6




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Sample answer could include:• Improved appearance• Increased shelf life• Flavouring and colouring cheaper than natural products• Greater range of food available throughout the year• Less chance of food poisoning• Some people show allergic responses to additives• Possible health risks – aspartame (sweetener) and phenylketonuria• Some preservatives (nitrites) are suspected carcinogens• People have a right not to eat food containing additives


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Question 33 – Pharmaceuticals (25 marks)



Sample answer

Eg: reaction times, observing prepared slides or solubility of analgesics.

(b) (1 mark)Outcomes Assessed: H9Targeted Performance Bands: 2-3

Criteria Mark• Identifies both components 1

Sample answerThe central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system.

(c) (3 marks)Outcomes Assessed: H9, H10Targeted Performance Bands: 4-5

Criteria Marks• Describes general role mentioning at least three specific items 3• Describes general role mentioning two specific items 2• Describes general role mentioning one specific items 1

Sample answerEffectors respond to signals from motor neurones. The response of muscles is to contract and thicken. Glands release chemicals (hormones) into the bloodstream when stimulated.


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Question 33 (continued)(d) (i) (1 mark)Outcomes Assessed: H9Targeted Performance Band: 2

Criteria Mark• Identifies component 1

Sample answerWhite blood cell.

(d) (ii) (1 mark)Outcomes Assessed: H7, H9Targeted Performance Bands: 3-4

Criteria Mark• Describes role 1

Sample answerPart of body’s defence system, identifies foreign objects.

(e) (i) (1 mark)Outcome Assessed: H7, H9Targeted Performance Bands: 2-3

Criteria Mark• Identifies two causes 1

Sample answerInfection, trauma and environment.

(e) (ii) (4 marks)Outcome Assessed: H7, H9Targeted Performance Bands: 3-5

Criteria Marks• Presents relevant information, including at least 4 points 4• Presents relevant information, including three points 3• Presents relevant information, including two points 2• Presents relevant information, including one point 1

Sample answer(Could include labelled diagrams). At the site of the damaged tissue: white blood cells are attracted, histamine and prostaglandins are released, temperature increases, increased blood flow due to small blood vessels becoming enlarged, fluids move out of the small blood vessels into the damaged tissues.


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(e) (iii) (2 marks)Outcome Assessed: H8, H9Targeted Performance Bands: 3-5

Criteria Marks• States reasons and gives outline 2• States reasons or gives outline 1

Sample answerRelieve pain, reduce inflammation. Aspirin inhibits production of prostaglandins and also inhibits signals crossing synapses.

(f) (2 marks)Outcome Assessed: H8Targeted Performance Band: 3

Criteria Marks• Identifies all three types 2• Identifies two types 1

Sample answerX = cocci, Y = spirilla, Z = bacilli.

(g) (7 marks)Outcomes Assessed: H3, H4, H5, H13Targeted Performance Bands: 4-6




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Sample answer• Antibiotics have been very successful in treating bacteria-related diseases• The use of antibiotics has replaced many traditional remedies• In every population of bacteria some will be resistant to antibiotics• This resistance can be passed on to other bacteria• Bacteria can mutate to become resistant• Antibiotics have been over prescribed• Antibiotics have been routinely added to animal feedstock• Strains of resistant bacteria cannot be killed by antibiotics• Immuno-compromised patients are especially at risk from resistant bacteria• Need to restrict antibiotics to patients who really need them• Need to develop new antibiotics or alternative treatments


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Question 34 – Disasters (25 marks)



Sample answerEg: flammability of leaves, constructing alarm or safety device.

(b) (i) (1 mark)Outcomes Assessed: H13Targeted Performance Bands: 2-3

Criteria Mark• Gives correct definition 1

Sample answerAn occurrence, either natural or man made, that causes human suffering and creates human needs that victims cannot alleviate without assistance.

(b) (ii) (2 marks)Outcome Assessed: H13Targeted Performance Band: 3

Criteria Marks• Identifies organisation and gives reasons 2• Identifies organisation and gives reasons 1

Sample answer Government agency or insurance company, need to judge what response is required and help or compensation is needed.


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(c) (i) (1 mark)Outcome Assessed: H12.3cTargeted Performance Band: 2

Criteria Marks• Identifies the lines 1

Sample answer Isobars.

(c) (ii) (1 mark)Outcome Assessed: H12.4cTargeted Performance Band: 3

Criteria Mark• Gives direction and reason 1

Sample answerTo the west, air flows from region of high to low pressure.

(c) (iii) (2 marks)Outcome Assessed: H14.1dTargeted Performance Bands 3-4

Criteria Marks• Mentions at least three points 2• Mentions two points 1

Sample answer These measurements can help predict future weather eg: forecast rain, wind, storms and cyclones. This allows people to plan, especially if severe conditions are expected.

(d) (i) (2 marks)Outcome Assessed: H13Targeted Performance Bands: 3-4

Criteria Marks• Gives description and mentions at least 4 points 2• Mentions one point 1

Sample answerBell rings for a specified number of times, teacher switches off electrical items, students leave class room and move to designated assembly area by prescribed route. No belongings are taken. Teacher closes doors and windows and follows students. Roll is called at assembly point.


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Question 34 (continued) (d) (ii) (2 marks)Outcome Assessed: H13Targeted Performance Bands: 3-4

Criteria Marks• Mentions at least 4 points 2• Mentions one point 1

Sample answerEvacuation procedures and routes are displayed clearly. Teachers and students recognise signal for evacuation. Students and teacher follow procedure calmly. All students and teachers are accounted for. Procedure takes place in an acceptable amount of time.

(e) (i) (2 marks)Outcomes Assessed: H10Targeted Performance Band: 3


Sample answerHeat energy causes a thermostat to move (kinetic energy). (Or heat sensors or low melting point plugs). Water under pressure (potential energy) flows (kinetic energy) or electric pump causes water to flow (kinetic energy).

(e) (ii) (2 marks)Outcomes Assessed: H10Targeted Performance Band: 3


Sample answerBuild house away from high density bush/wood, clear ground around house, use fire retarding plants, house made of non-flammable material eg: brick, prevent sparks entering house by use of wire mesh screens and use controlled burns/back burns to reduce flammable material in vicinity.


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(f) (7 marks)Outcomes Assessed: H3, H4, H13Targeted Performance Bands: 4-6



Sample answer• Technology has improved accuracy of weather forecasting• Data loggers can be equipped with many different sensors• Data loggers can collect more information than people and in inhospitable places• Satellites can follow changes in atmospheric pressures and cloud patterns• Forecasts can be made earlier of floods, hailstones etc• Communication systems can pass on information to relevant authorities quickly• Emergency services can communicate with other more quickly• Public can be informed by electronic mass media


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Question 35 –Space Science (25 marks)


Criteria Marks• Names investigation and mentions two considerations 2• Names investigation and mentions one considerations 1

Sample answerEg: devising exercises. Do research, speak to experts eg: PDHPE staff before trying exercises, ensure familiarity with muscle groups and potential problems, make sure no medical issues with people testing exercises.


Criteria Marks• Describes particle distribution in all four examples 2• Describes particle distribution in two examples 1

Sample answerParticles are close together in solids, regularly arranged. Particles are close together in liquids, not regularly arranged. Particles are far apart in gases, not regularly arranged. In space particles are very much further apart than in gases.

(c) (i) (1 mark)Outcomes Assessed: H10Targeted Performance Bands: 4-5

Criteria Mark• Raises relevant points 1

Astronauts are in ‘free fall’ to the Earth. Inertial force is balanced by gravitational force.

Sample answerPersons in a rapidly falling lift, drop towers, planes flying parabolic trajectories.


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(d) (i) (2 marks)Outcomes Assessed: H9Targeted Performance Bands 3-4

Criteria Marks• Gives definition and refers to affect of gravity 2• Gives definition or refers to affect of gravity 1

Sample answer The act of swallowing something through eating, drinking, or mouthing objects. Usually helped by gravity. If no gravity present, then by peristalsis – muscular contraction of gullet.

(d) (ii) (2 marks)Outcomes Assessed: H9Targeted Performance Bands 3-4

Criteria Marks• Gives description referring to at least two features 2• Gives description referring to at least two features 1

Sample answer Velcro on bases to avoid tipping over, small openings that are re-sealable and use of straws.

(d) (iii) (2 marks)Outcomes Assessed: H9Targeted Performance Bands 3-4

Criteria Marks• Gives description referring to at least two features 2• Gives description referring to one feature 1

Sample answer Dehydrated, in sealed containers, flexible (thermostabilised) pouches. Stored in lockers, food packages are labelled and arranged in order of use.


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Question 35 (continued) (e) (i) (2 marks)Outcomes Assessed: H3Targeted Performance Bands 2-3

Criteria Marks• Gives two reasons 2• Gives one reason 1

Sample answer Images can be affected by air pollution and artificial light. Building on mountains (away from cities) ensures optimal viewing conditions.

(e) (ii) (2 marks)Outcomes Assessed: H3, H4Targeted Performance Band: 3

Criteria Marks• Identifies at least four types of information 2• Identifies two types of information 1

Sample answer Looks at infra red, visible light and ultra violet radiation. Can analyse frequencies to get chemical composition of cosmic objects. Sees very far into space, gets images not available from Earth surface telescopes, eg: colliding galaxies.

(e) (iii) (2 marks)Outcomes Assessed: H3, H4Targeted Performance Bands: 2-3

Criteria Marks• Names technology and identifies type of information 2• Names technology and identifies type of information 1

Sample answerCould include radio telescopes, satellites, space probes or space stations.


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Question 35 (continued) (f) (7 marks)Outcomes Assessed: H3, H4, H13Targeted Performance Bands: 4-6



Sample answer• Physiological problems refer to the functioning of the body• Patterns of day and night (circadian rhythms) are disrupted (have artificial day and

night)• Sleeplessness (set times and/or medication)• Cramped conditions • Deterioration of muscle tissue (have exercises)• Loss of bone density (ensure calcium in diet and exercise)• Possible exposure to harmful cosmic rays (shielding in vessel)


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senior science - acehsc€¦ · senior science section i (continued) student number part b – 60...

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