Sentence Sentence StructuresStructures: : Simple, Compound, Simple, Compound,

Complex, Complex, Compound-ComplexCompound-Complex

What is sentence What is sentence

structure anyway?structure anyway? The structure of a The structure of a sentence refers tosentence refers to::

The The kindskinds and and ## of of clausesclauses a sentence a sentence

has.has.

What is a clause ?

•Group of words with a subject & verb•May or may not have a complete thought

When will a clause have a complete

thought?

So, an independent clause has what three

things?

•Subject

•Verb

•Complete Thought

If it is INDEPENDENT!

Simple Sentence DefinitionSimple Sentence Definition: :

1 Independent Clause1 Independent Clause

ExampleExample::

I like to eat cake.I like to eat cake.

It’s so easy, it’s a piece of

cake!

“It’s a cakewalk!!!”

“Hey, that’s a simple sentence

too!!!”

What part of What part of speech speech combinescombines

things?things?

Conjunctions!Conjunctions!This is how you will This is how you will

combine clauses & sentences combine clauses & sentences together!together!

When will a clause not have a

complete thought?If it’s Dependent!

What kinds of words introduce dependent clauses again?

Relative Pronouns: that, which, who,

whom, whose

Subordinating Conjunctions: if,

when, because, since, &

• The car that hit me was yellow.• The car, which I was driving at the time, suddenly caught

fire.• Miss Pinker, who is very kind, is my teacher.• The person whom I phoned last night is my uncle.• The student whose phone just rang should stand up.

Relative Pronouns: that, which, who, whom, whose

afteralthough

asbecausebeforeeven if

even thoughif

in order that

onceprovided thatrather than

sinceso thatthanthat

thoughunless

untilwhen

wheneverwhere

whereaswhereverwhether

whilewhy

Subordinating Conjunctions:

Louisa will wash the sink full of her dirty dishes once her roommate Shane cleans his stubble and globs of shaving cream from the sink.We looked on top of the refrigerator, where Jenny will often hide a bag of chocolate chip cookies.Because her teeth were chattering in fear, Lynda clenched her jaw muscle while waiting for her turn to audition.

Compound Sentence DefinitionCompound Sentence Definition: :

2 (or more) Independent 2 (or more) Independent ClausesClauses

ExampleExample: I went to the game : I went to the game early, early, butbut I forgot my wallet. I forgot my wallet.

1 Independent 1 Independent ClauseClause

1 Conjunction 1 Conjunction

+ 1 Independent + 1 Independent ClauseClause

= 1 Compound = 1 Compound Sentence! Sentence!

There are 2 ways to combine simple There are 2 ways to combine simple sentences?sentences?

1.1.Comma + ConjunctionComma + Conjunction

2.2.SemicolonSemicolonThe clauses of a compound sentence are connected by a coordinating conjunction (which is, more often than not, preceded by a comma), and the two most common coordinating conjunctions are and and but (the others are or, for, yet, and so). Two independent clauses can also be separated by a semicolon (relatively rare), but the clauses must be directly related.

•Meriwether Lewis is justly famous for his expedition into the territory of the Louisiana Purchase and beyond, but few people know of his contributions to natural science.•Lewis had been well trained by scientists in Philadelphia prior to his expedition, and he was a curious man by nature.

WITH A PARTNER, MAKE A CHART OF 2 THINGSWITH A PARTNER, MAKE A CHART OF 2 THINGS::

1.Times when Simple Sentences would be effective 1.Times when Simple Sentences would be effective

2. Times when Compound Sentences would be effective2. Times when Compound Sentences would be effective

Effective Times for Simple Sentences

Effective Times for

Compound Sentences:

Effective Times for Simple Effective Times for Simple SentencesSentences

•Friendly letter

•Short answer test

•Directions

•Posters

•Dictionary

•Math Book

•Labels

•Tags

•Captions

•Comics

•Menus

•Brochures

•Poetry

•Certificates

•Texting

•Clothing

•Google Search

•FaceBook, Twitter

•PowerPoint Presentations

•Billboards

•Recipes

•Prayers

•Translating languages, talking to babies or pets

•Police Officer reading rights

•Commands

•Cheers/Pep Talks

•Drive Thru Window

Effective Times for Effective Times for

Compound SentencesCompound Sentences::•Essays

•Journals

•Books

•Magazines

•Newspaper

•Business letter

•Resume

•Scholarly Journal/Article

•Syllabus

•Summary

•Stories

•Play

•Speech

What does a variation of What does a variation of sentence structure create for us?sentence structure create for us?

What would it be like if all What would it be like if all sentences were structured the sentences were structured the

same? What if we had all simple same? What if we had all simple sentences?sentences?

Varied Sentence Structure Varied Sentence Structure CreatesCreates::

•FlowFlow

•ExcitementExcitement

•Change of paceChange of pace

•EmphasisEmphasis

•Shows unity….allows us to tie ideas together and see a Shows unity….allows us to tie ideas together and see a relationshiprelationship

If All Sentences Were Structured If All Sentences Were Structured the Same…the Same…

Writing would beWriting would be::

boring, choppy, lack feeling and emphasisboring, choppy, lack feeling and emphasis

•Rihanna’s charity work and thriving career keep her plenty busy.

•She would also like to spread her wings in other areas.

•She made her debut playing in a movie.

•She plans on taking acting lessons.

•She can do even more acting.

Combine These Simple Sentences by Using Conjunctions! Use at least 1 subordinating conjunction and various FANBOYS! (May use same partner to do this!)

Although Rihanna’s charity work and thriving career keep her plenty busy, she would also like to spread her wings in other areas. She made her debut playing in a movie, and plans on taking acting lessons, so she can do even more acting.

Optional Answer:

REVIEW!REVIEW!

*What is a Simple *What is a Simple Sentence?Sentence?*What is an Independent *What is an Independent Clause?Clause?

*What is a *What is a Compound Compound Sentence?Sentence?

Complex SentencesComplex Sentences

1 + 1… 1 of each!

Definition: 1 independent clause + 1 dependent clause (at least)

Example: When I go home from school, (Dep) I like to ride my four wheeler. (Ind)

What’s the subordinating conjunction in the dependent clause?

When

Compound -Complex Compound -Complex SentencesSentences

Definition: 2 independent clauses (at least) + 1

dependent clause (at least)

Example: I enjoy listening to music, and I just bought a new CD since my grandma gave me money for

my birthday.What is 1 Ind. Clause you see?

What is the 2nd Ind. Clause you see?

What is the Dep. Clause you see?

Compound -Complex Compound -Complex SentencesSentences

Continued…

Example: I enjoy listening to music, and I just bought a new CD since my grandma gave me money for

my birthday.What specifically is connecting the 2 Ind. Clauses?

Comma & the Coordinating Conjunction “and”…Remember,

it’s a FANBOY!

The Subordinating Conjunction since

What specifically is introducing the Dep. Clause?

Structure? Complex

Independent clause? People begin by deciding their character

Dependent clause? who are dressing up for Halloween

1. People who are dressing up for 1. People who are dressing up for Halloween begin by deciding their Halloween begin by deciding their

character.character.

Let’s Try Some!Tell what type of sentence structure each

sentence is.

StructurStructure?e?

SimpleSimple

Independent clause?

Gatherings are Gatherings are frequentfrequent

2. In October, like a In October, like a lot of other months, lot of other months,

gatherings are gatherings are frequent.frequent.

Notice…no conjunction!

Structure? Compound-Complex

Independent clause #1 ?

One of the most common problems is cavities

Dependent clause? that trick-or-treaters face

3. One of the most common problems

that trick-or-treaters face is cavities; another is being

cold.

Independent clause #2 ?

another is being cold

Structure? Compound

Independent clause #1 ? Halloween can be fun

Independent clause #2? You should always be careful

4. As a rule, Halloween can be fun, but you should

always be careful.

What is “as a rule”?

A phrase

The Four Sentence The Four Sentence StructuresStructures

SENTENCE STRUCTURE

INDEPENDENT CLAUSES

DEPENDENT CLAUSES

Simple 1 0

Compound 2 or more 0

Complex 1 1 or more

Compound-Complex 2 or more 1 or more