seo dr. thomas morwinsky sanabw v 1.2, cdr (res.) seo dr. thomas morwinsky sanabw v 1.2, cdr (res.)...
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SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)
Current research and usage ofCurrent research and usage ofrepellents in the German Armed Forcesrepellents in the German Armed Forces
AFPMB
Jacksonville
February 10, 2010
Carl Spitzweg: The Hunter of Butterflies (1840)
“...it is easier for an officer to keep soldiers healthy than for the physician to cure them...”
(Admiral H. Nelson, 1804)
SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)
Current research and usage ofCurrent research and usage ofrepellents in the German Armed Forcesrepellents in the German Armed Forces
Outline
I. Introduction
II. Current BDU ImpregnationMethod & distribution, types of clothing, developments
III. Occupational safety and Permethrin
IV. Wishlist
SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)
Current research and usage ofCurrent research and usage ofrepellents in the German Armed Forcesrepellents in the German Armed Forces
I. Introduction
Beginning in 1992, the Bundeswehr began to be deployed outside Europe
Initially, impregnation was done by spraying and dipping methods
2002 a new impregnation method for BDU was introduced to eliminate issues with efficacy and safety of impregnation
Due to several factors, demand for impregnation of specialized clothing has increased since 2008
Occupational safety remains an imminent important point concerning development and use of repellents for soldiers
SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)
Current research and usage ofCurrent research and usage ofrepellents in the German Armed Forcesrepellents in the German Armed Forces
I. Introduction
II. Current BDU ImpregnationMethod & distribution, types of clothing, developments
III. Occupational safety and Permethrin
IV. Wishlist
SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)
Current research and usage ofCurrent research and usage ofrepellents in the German Armed Forcesrepellents in the German Armed Forces
II. Current BDU impregnation
Developed in cooperation of the Bundeswehr and UTEXBEL
First introduced in 2002 for BDU’s in deployments
Applied by manufaturer and delivered ready-to-use
Designed for the service lifeof the uniform without needfor re-impregnation
SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)
Current research and usage ofCurrent research and usage ofrepellents in the German Armed Forcesrepellents in the German Armed Forces
SEM-Image: BDU fabric treated with UTEXBEL-method (Faulde, Uedelhoven 2006)
b)a)
II. Current BDU impregnation
a) before washingb) worn out during deployment (residual concentration of
Permethrin of 560 mg/m2) arrows point to resin bridges
SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)
Current research and usage ofCurrent research and usage ofrepellents in the German Armed Forcesrepellents in the German Armed Forces
Beside BDU, the need for impregnation of additional specialized uniforms has emerged:
- Overalls for aircrews and mechanics- BDU’s for troops within Germany
Borreliosis recently federally acknowledged as an occupational disease with the duty for regular examinations for lumbermen, forest rangers etc.
Due to the occupational exposition of soldiers to Borreliosis, personal protection has increased in importance
To estimate risk within Germany, two training grounds (Seedorf & Hannover) are being evaluated for
a) number of ticks (Ixodes ricinus) andb) rate of Borrelia spp.-infected ticks
II. Current BDU impregnation
SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)
Current research and usage ofCurrent research and usage ofrepellents in the German Armed Forcesrepellents in the German Armed Forces
II. Current BDU impregnation rate of infection for Ixodes
ricinus varies widely from ca. 2% up to 30+%
single reports of up to 70 ticks on a soldier from a training ground
22.8% Gupta SK et al.: Prevalence of ticks in relation to their role as vector of Borrelia burgdorferi under autochthone conditions. Appl Parasitol 1995 36: 97–106; Brandenburg
27% Schönberg A, Loser C: Vorkommen von Borrelien im Berliner Raum. In: Potsdamer Symposien. Weller-Verlag, 1994, S. 84–93; Berlin
6.9-30.5% Fingerle V et al.: Prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus in Southern Germany. J Spirochetal Tick-Borne Dis 1994; 1: 41–45; southern Germany
2-23% Report from Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases at the RKI, Epidemiologisches Bulletin 21, 23. Mai 2001
Source: Google Earth
SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)
Current research and usage ofCurrent research and usage ofrepellents in the German Armed Forcesrepellents in the German Armed Forces
I. Introduction
II. Current BDU ImpregnationMethod & distribution, types of clothing, developments
III. Occupational safety and Permethrin
IV. Wishlist
SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)
Current research and usage ofCurrent research and usage ofrepellents in the German Armed Forcesrepellents in the German Armed Forces
Increasing use of repellents on clothing has caused concerns about occupational safety
several studies since 2003 have evaluated the risks and safety of Permethrin-impregnated clothing, some of them by Bundeswehr personnel
The results showed that the Permethrin uptake was always well below the safety threshold for Permethrin
III. Occupational safety and Permethrin
SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)
Current research and usage ofCurrent research and usage ofrepellents in the German Armed Forcesrepellents in the German Armed Forces
Faulde, Uedelvoven, Robbins: Contact Toxicity and Residual Activity of Different Permethrin-Based Fabric Impregnation Methods for Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae), Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae), and Lepisma saccharina (Thysanura: Lepismatidae), J. Med. Entomol. 40(6): 935-941 (2003)
Bekanntmachungen des Umweltbundesamtes: Stellungnahme der Kommission „Human-Biomonitoring“ des Umweltbundesamtes: Innere Belastung der Allgemeinbevölkerung in Deutschland mit Pyrethroiden und Referenzwerte für Pyrethroid-Metabolite im Urin Bundesgesundheitsbl-Gesundheitsforsch-Gesundheitsschutz 2005;48:1187-93
Faulde, MK, Uedelhoven, WM, Malerius, M, Robbins, RG: Factory-Based Permethrin Impregnation of Uniforms: Residual Activity against Aedes aegypti and Ixodes ricinus in Battle Dress Uniforms Worn under Field Conditions, and Cross-Contamination during the Laundering and Storage Process, Military Medicine 2006;171: 472-77
Appel, KE, Gundert-Remy, U, Fischer, H, Faulde, M, Mross, KG, Letzel, S, Rossbach, B: Risk assessment of Bundeswehr (German Federal Armed Forces) permethrin-impregnated battle dress uniforms (BDU) ,Int J Hyg Environ Health 2008;211:88-104
Rossbach, B., et al.: Uptake of permethrin from impregnated clothing. Toxicol. Lett. (2009), doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.06.863
III. Occupational safety and Permethrin
SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)
Current research and usage ofCurrent research and usage ofrepellents in the German Armed Forcesrepellents in the German Armed Forces
III. Occupational safety and Permethrin
Results from a biomonitoring study GE/AFG
no significant differences within MeS during summer, lower (p<0.001) in winter
Source: Zimmer & Faulde, Biomonitoring in der Bundeswehr, Poster at DGKL meeting
SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)
Current research and usage ofCurrent research and usage ofrepellents in the German Armed Forcesrepellents in the German Armed Forces
III. Occupational safety and Permethrin
significant differences of milPrevMedTech between MeS and Kabul (p<0.001)
Source: Zimmer & Faulde, Biomonitoring in der Bundeswehr, Poster at DGKL meeting
SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)
Current research and usage ofCurrent research and usage ofrepellents in the German Armed Forcesrepellents in the German Armed Forces
III. Occupational safety and Permethrin
significant differences within camp (summer/winter) and occupationally exposed individuals (mil PrevMedTech) and controls in summer
Source: Zimmer & Faulde, Biomonitoring in der Bundeswehr, Poster at DGKL meeting
SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)
Current research and usage ofCurrent research and usage ofrepellents in the German Armed Forcesrepellents in the German Armed Forces
III. Occupational safety and Permethrin
metabolite concentration about double that of earlier study from AFG
sum of Permethrin-metabolites represents about 40% of Permethrin ADI according to WHO
Source: Zimmer & Faulde, Biomonitoring in der Bundeswehr, Poster at DGKL meeting
SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)
Current research and usage ofCurrent research and usage ofrepellents in the German Armed Forcesrepellents in the German Armed Forces
III. Occupational safety and Permethrin - Conclusions
Biomonitoring provides necessary data for evaluation of environmental- or occupational-caused health threat
A risk-benefit-analysis for the application of biocides in Bundeswehr camps has to be part of the biomonitoring
For the deployed soldiers, this includes the assessment of Permethrin by wearing of pre-impreganted BDU (by manufacturer) in deployments
Further analysis of the data obtained by measuring the metabolites of Permethrin enables us to differentiate between the various ways of uptake and sources of exposition and the causes for the increased metabolite levels
SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)
Current research and usage ofCurrent research and usage ofrepellents in the German Armed Forcesrepellents in the German Armed Forces
I. Introduction
II. Current BDU ImpregnationMethod & distribution, types of clothing, developments
III. Occupational safety and Permethrin
IV. Wishlist
SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)
Current research and usage ofCurrent research and usage ofrepellents in the German Armed Forcesrepellents in the German Armed Forces
bednets as domes made for the camp bed
lasting impregnation of such bednets
impregnated BDU for every soldier in Germany
IV. Wishlist
SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)SEO Dr. Thomas Morwinsky SanABw V 1.2, CDR (Res.)
Current research and usage ofCurrent research and usage ofrepellents in the German Armed Forcesrepellents in the German Armed Forces
Dpt. V 1.2CDR Dr. Erkens, MDSenior Executive Officer Dr.
Morwinsky, CDR (Res.)Phone +49 89 1249 7543
Dpt. V 1.4COL Dr. Holtherm, MDLTC Schmidt, MDMAJ Dr. Berger, MDMAJ Maaßen, MD
SanABw V 1.2
Dachauer Str. 12880637 München / MunichFax. +49 89 1249 7509