BENJAMIN J. CAYETANO GOVERNOR Of >tAWA!1

... ICHAEL D. WILSON OWRPERSON

ROBERT G. GIRALD DAVID A. NOBRIGA

LAWRENCE H. MilKE

-..,.' -

STATE OF HAWAII RICHARD H. COX

I£R8ERT .... RICHARDS. JR.

Mr. Gerald Kremkow Waikii Ranch Associates 3077 Wailani Road Honolulu, HI 96813

Dear Mr. Kremkow:

DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES COMMISSION ON WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

P. O. BOX 621 HONOLULU. HAWAII 96809

SEP 10 1997

Well Completion Report for Well No. 5239-02

We have received your Well Completion Report Part n for the pump replacement for Waikii Well (Well No. 5239-02) and acknowledge that it is complete.

If you have any questions. please contact Mr. Ryan lmata of the Commission staff at 587-0255 or toll-free at 9744000 (Hawaii), extension 70255.

RI:ss

Sincerely,

RAE M. LOrn Deputy Director

RAE M. LOUI. P.E. OEPUTY

8-28-1997 12:57PM FROM WAI'ELI DRILLING 1 808 322 0928

• vO/~U/.1 Ll:1U 'lS'8t18 .~ 04U I'AIKII HO ASSN ....... r tlAIfl' ,,"

,... ..... it1 ~IJG;.HD.. -/c"S'f3 ~ ~ ... ,_.8_1_2_7_1_97 __________ ~

~(pinQ

8,(c;annJJ DRI.lSnrlCG ~ VOter l.nIII J)epth (It.) Ardc Dwa".. .. RIa.tat.

DIR!e (1;.)

----~--------~----------~---------.-----------------------_IB __ - ________ _

-"----------~-_10 _________ - __ ____ m ______ ~ ________________ _

____ W----------____ ~ ________ _ _ 111 _______ ------_tlt ________ ~---

----~~--------_&------~--------~------------~----------~ _ 10 ___ ~ ________ _

-.--.,----~---­~~~~---.. --------~---.--.. ------------111--------__ ---------------------------------------------.,------------_11) _____________ _

_ fD __ ~ ~~ _______ _ _la~ _ _________ ~ __

19.&25.~

w.-LIMII btfIIt DU Jrack ~ .. AeMarb. DatD til) _tlt _____ ~~ _______ __

-~------------..---------------_ .. -_to __ ~ ________ _ _1D _________ ~ __

_ ._flD __________ ~~ _10 ___ - __ ~ __ ~_~ __ m ______ - ____ _

-.,-------------_fD __ . ~ _________ _ _fD ______ ~ ____ _ _10 ______ --____ _

_t.._ ~~"......... ______ ~___,....

~~~---'-----~----------------~---------------------------____ m ____________ ~ __________ __ _tD _________ - __

~.,---------~--­-"----~-------_-ID ___ ~-----_--

.. . ,

8-28-1997 12:58PM FROM WAI'ELI DRILLING 1 808 322 0928

PUMP AND WELL

Operating info. 2400 volts. 35 amps. 137 kw, 94% pt.

Note:s:

ftgw 100 to liS gpm PSI sta1iC" 38 psi PSI Drawdewn = 38 pci

92 joints of S.S" pipe (8 round EVE rod) with plastic i&oiators everyd:her pipe.

~--t-i---..;~..;.;....;~;.;;.;;;.i.--- 1515' elev.

2884.S8"

Alr1lne set at 2832.18', 87.78 feet below water level.

(6) lengths d plasUc coated pipe. Zinc ribbon from top to bcttom of coeted pipe.

1--= __ - ~CIc & mflfldfl' Valvc(ono eech)

40.23' 8.95'

2924.61" ..L......J....... __

1335.39' elevation.

Pump ~ REDA SoriG'£ 540 SN BFC1G61993, 96 &tage, G-2100, Ibru ... sa FL-CT, ShaftO.81S--80, part#404962N.

PmtfldIOt-SN 3FC4E55521, type 540LSLSB, part # 1108539UR

Wcatur - REDIt Type 540-90, 125 hp, 2425 volt. 82 anlp, 60 hz, 8600 rpm. SN #1DBOJ31055,Man. Code 09.

8-28-1997 12:56PM UDI £U/81 ,U.: UIJ

FROM WAI'ELI DRILLING 1 808 322 0928

VItUH P"~ 0433 IAIKII 10 ASSN -t-t+ ~1WtT ~

-

8Iafe Of Hawli COIIMISsIoN ON WA'J1!R RESOURCE MANAGEMENT ' ~ of Land and I'fatund RMoumee

~----~---_ G47U;. No. ____________ 1

~--------------------~I

Lie.. No. -----------....-1 ~------------------I

8-28-1997 12:56PM FROM WAI'ELI DRILLING 1 808 322 0928

TRANSMITTAL SHEET

Date: -Local ~ime: (: 00 am pm

FROM: ~AX II (808: 322-0928, Keauhou-Kona, Hawaii USA

'I'ran ... ltted by: ~~ ~I ~<

Telephone ,: ( 808) 3i4--1420

TO: FAX II ( ) S-~::t --- 0 ~l J Name of Co. ~~ U)~ 14sf).u.1L~ ~~ Telephone ,: ( ) __________________________________ _

Attention:

Number of pages being transmitted including this page: ~ Special Instructio~s (if checked):

_____ URGENT - IMMEDIATE REPLY IS REQUESTED

Please fax/telephone to confirm receipt of foregoing

For your information

For your

Other:

signature; . ret un:=:. py to this office C r, "

WlU-'Gu...-~ \1Y-(jA.~ T

.1 .

, , ":"

10"' . : .

l" :. ' .. . . Please notify sender immediately if the documents received are in~nmnl~te and/or illeeible. .

A Water Development Joint Venture -Poe. .. S61:r, KaDu.·ICon .. Hawaii 9614$ .,(101) 524~I.ZO· fait (801) J:l2-0928

o 0 1

,

BENJAMIN J, CA YET A'IO GOVERNOR OF HAWAt

MOiAEl D, WILSON OWRPERSON

R09ERT G, GIRALD DAV1D A. NOBRIGA

LAWRENCE H. MilKE

STATE OF HAWAII RICHARD H. COX

HERBST M. RICHARDS, JR.

DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES

COMMISSION ON WATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT P,O, BOX 621

RAE M. LOUI, P.E.

Mr. Gerald Kremkow Waikii Ranch Associates 3077 Wailani Road Honolulu, HI 96813

Dear Mr. Kremkow:

HONOLULU, HAWAII 96809

AUG 1 A 1997

Pump Replacement for Well No. 5239-02,

Thank you for informing us via Waimea Water Services of the pump replacement for the Waikii Well. However, you are required to submit Part II of the Well Completion Report within 30 days of the pump replacement per Section 4. 1 (a) of the Hawaii Well Construction am Pump Installation Standards. We are enclosing a copy of the Well Completion Report for you to fill out and return to us.

Please respond to the above item(s) within thirty (30) days of this letter's date. Failure to do so may result in fmes of up to $1000 per day.

If you have any questions, please contact Mr. Ryan Imata of the Commission staff at 587-0255.

RI:ss Enclosure

c: Waimea Water Services

f

Sincerely,

RAEM. LOrn Deputy Director

OEPVTY

r JUL-22-1997 09:38 FROM WAIMEA WATER SERVICES TO

'" . ......"

21 JuJy91

wameo water'.Jervic(M -'J'ti'IU inc.

Mr ... Ike Wilson. Cflaii pelSOn COlilnisiion on Water·Resource Management Dept. Of Land and Natural Resoun:es Division of Water Resouroes Management State of Hawaii P.O.B.-B21 Honorutu, Hawaii 96809

ATTENTION:

SUBJECT:

DearMr. WrIson.

NvtirK:aUon of·Pump~ MvIor Re~nt Wdii Well a (fS239-02) Honokaa, Hawaii

DLNR BAUER P.02

on behalf of the owners of the WaikR WeB t2. Waikii Ranch AssooIatfUr., "" me rJulifyillg CWRM of

a pump change at this weft. The existing pump motor fai1ed and a new pump and motor will be instaIf9d by Wafn Drilling and Development.

The capacity of the pump and motor hOISepowarwill remain the same.

If there 81e any qU8Stions, please can the undetSigned.

cc: WaikiiRanch ./ Dale stromquist r

P.o. Box 326 • Kamuela. Howaii96/4J • (808)885-6941 ... AX (505) 885-7851

TOTAL P.02

Mr. Gerald Kremkow Waikii Ranch Associates II 1001 Bishop Street, #2940 Honolulu, HI 96813

Dear Mr. Kremkow:

December 14, 1989

ot

a fiLE COpy

(',:.:,.,.

. ,-'~ , ... " ,

SUBJECT: WAIKII RANCH WELL #2 - 5239-~- NEW POTABLE WATER SOURCE

We have reviewed the preliminary engineering report for the Waikii Ranch Well #2 - 5239-02 prepared by Barrett Consulting Group, Inc. The Department of Health hereby grants conditional approval for the use of the well as a drinking water source on the following conditions:

1. The Waikii Well #5239-02 shall deliver potable water of the quality in compliance with Chapter 20, Title 11, Administrative Rules, "Potable Water Systems." The water quality shall be subject to verification by the Department of Health.

2. The Waikii Ranch, in its operation of the Waikii Well #5239-02, shall comply with all other relevant provisions of Chapter 20, Title 11, Administrative Rules, "Potable Water Systems."

3. Waikii Ranch shall notify the Department of Health of any condition which may arise or be revealed that may contaminate the source and pose a threat to human health.

4. Waikii Ranch Associates shall notify the Department of Health, 75 Aupuni Street, Hilo, Hawaii 96720 in writing when the Waikii Ranch Water System serves at least 15 service connections or regularly serves an average of at least twenty-five (25) individuals daily, at least 60 days out of a year. When one of these criteria is met, the system will be considered a public water system and assigned a number.

5. Once considered a public water system the District Health Office will establish suitable sampling points. The collectio~ of the bacteriological and chemical water samples shall be the responsibility of the Waikii Ranch. Failure to collect proper water samples is a violation of the Potable Water Regulations, Hawaii Administrative Rules, Title 11, Chapter 20.

"lll .. ",

'-

Mr. Gerald Kremkow Page 2 December 14, 1989

o o

The Department of Health reserves the right to suspend or revoke this conditional approval upon either a finding of violation on any of the above conditions or a determination of a threat to public health from factors which may arise in the future. Thank you for your attention and concern to these matters.

Very truly yours,

,.ii;r JOHN C. LEWIN, M. D. Director of Health

cc: Glenn Tomori, DW Sanitarian, Hawaii

Douglas Lee, Barrett Consulting Group, Inc. 12 South King Street, #200 Honolulu, HI 96813

WELLS(5239-0JA.HWW)

'!I~~~ ___ ""'I ______ -------------~~.~~~---.,"-.--------_______ _

" "

W~. ER RESOURCES' & 'FLOOD. C~NTROL; BRANCH /

From: . Date: ' - FIle m: !>.ft~'/'?.d::~ _c.L-___ _

To Initial . /~ J1.i:.2(AI ,r)>;iP Manabu Tagomori Albert Ching Daniel Lum George Matsumoto Nobu Kaneshiro Tom Nakama Paul Matsuo Edwin Sakoda Neal Imada Joe Menor /

'1, Jon Kurio ' ,>l .. / Mitchell OhyeJ

Sherrie Samuels Kay Oshiro Doris Hamada

/

See m r-Call '--Take action by -Review & comme-n-:-t----Draft reply by -Type draft -----Type final -Xerox _copies -Mail = Acknowledge receipt

Approval _~ature vr-n nffooJrmation

___ R. Chuck ___ J. Sakai ___ B. Koyanagi -:-A- T. Fuj ii _ E •. Yonamine ___ R. Jinnai _~_~ /"':J.} Yoshimoto ~[)iJ J;;;-t2,~~- _____ _

_. - ---~ -~.- -".

-•

'I'11III

IIIiI

1'I11III

• .. iIIII

---.. -------.. -• -.. ---ill

-• .. III .. • .. • 'l1li ..

PRELIMINARY SUBJECT TO CHANGE

WAIKII RANCH WATER WELL NO.2

AT

WAIKOLOA, SOUTH KOHALA, HAWAII

TMK: THIRD DIVISION, 6-7-01

PARCELS 22, 27 TO 32, INCLUSIVE

OCTOBER 1989

FOR

WAIKII RANCH ASSOCIATES II

BY

BARRETT CONSULTING GROUP, INC .

in association with

JOHN F. MINK

-..

---..

----.. • .. .. .. .... IIIIIi

-.. .. .. .. ..

PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER CERTIFICATION

Project: Waikii Ranch Water Well No.2 at Waikoloa, South Kohala, Hawaii

For: Waikii Ranch Associates II

The undersigned, being a registered professional engineer, certifies that:

1.

2.

He has prepared a report entitled Waikii Ranch Water Well No.2 at Waikoloa, South Kohala, Hawaii, and the information contained therein is true to the best of his information and belief.

The water produced by the well, des ignated as Wa i ki i Well No.2 will comply with the State primary drinking regulations contained in Public Health Regulations, Chapter 49, Potable Water Systems, and with the requirements of the Department of Water Supply, County of Hawaii when the well is pumped at about 100 gallons per minute .

BARRETT CONSULTING GROUP, INC .

Scott C. Kvandal Registered Professional Engineer 5297

- i -

-• -• .. II1II .. ----.. .. III .. • -• lIIIIiIII

• • III .. .. • .. '" • liliiii

III

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WI .. '" ..

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER CERTIFICATION.

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

LIST OF FIGURES ..

A. GENERAL PROJECT I N FORMA TI ON

B. PURPOSE . . . . · · · · · · · · · · · . · · · C. PHYSICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AREA

D.

E.

F.

G.

H.

I.

1. Climate. . · · · · · · · · · · · · 2. Topography · · · · · · · · · · · · 3. Geology and Foundation Conditions. 4. Earthquake Considerations. · 5. Groundwater Conditions · · · · · · · 6. Flood Considerations · · · · 7. Land Use and Zoning. · · · · · . 8. Water Rights and Future Uses by Others

EXISTING OF WATERWORKS SYSTEM . . 1. General .......... . 2. Existing Water Distribution System 3. _ Water Demand and Storage . . . . 4. Existing Waterworks Facilities

DESCRIPTION OF NEW WATER SOURCE .. 1. Well Site .......... . 2. Water Quantity ....... .

· ·

· . · ·

·

3. Water Quality ......... . · . . . . . .

·

·

4. Existing or Potential Sources of in the Recharge Area

Contamination.

5. Approximate Groundwater Contours

SOURCES OF WATER SUPPLY

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ..

SUMMARY . . .

REFERENCES. .

APPENDICES A. Waikii Well I Drilling and Testing B. Water Quality Data

-;;-

.

.

i i

iii

1

5

5 5 6 6 7 8 9 9

10

10 · 10 .11

11 · 12

14 · 14 · 14

15 16

16

· 17

· 18

· 18

21

,-.~-- LIST OF FIGURES

"'" l1li

Figure No. ' Title Page

IQI! 1 Location Map 2

II1II 2 Project Site 3

~ 3 General Development Pl an 4 .. 4 Existing Water System 13 - 5 Waikii Well No. 2 19 -..

II .. .. .. .. .. .. III

II1II

l1li .. .. • .. • .. iii .. I11III

liliiii

l1li 85001T89.018/405

I11III .. - iii -...

iii

-

-

-----.. • -•

.. ..

..

WAIKII RANCH WATER WELL NO. 2

A. GENERAL PROJECT INFORMATION

The Waikii Ranch project is located in South Kohala along the

northwest slopes of Mauna Kea on the Island of Hawaii, as shown on

Fi gure No.1. The project is bounded by Saddl e Road on its eastern

border and located five miles south of the Mamalahoa Highway/Saddle

Road intersection. The existing acreage of Waikii Ranch is 2,995

acres, and is identified by Tax Map Key: Third Division, 6-7-01,

parcels 22, 27 to 32, inclusive, as shown on Figure No.2.

The existing land was zoned A40 and comprised of six major parcels

ranging in size from 262 to 798 acres. A seventh 45-plus-acre parcel

separated from the majority of the project area is located on the

western side of Saddle Road. A 50-foot-wide electric transmission

line easement runs through the center of the project site as can be

seen on Figure No.2. The land has been subdivided into smaller 10-

20-, and 40-acre agricultural lots as shown on Figure No.3. The

roads and utilities for Phase I of the development were completed in.

June, 1989.

A potable water source has already been developed for the Waikii

Ranch sub-division. An on-site well, Waikii Well No.1, having a

depth of over 4,300 feet was dri 11 ed in November, 1982 and became

fully operational in May, 1983. Waikii Well No.1 and three on-site

reservoirs adequately meet the potable water demands of the proposed

development. A second on-site well, Waikii Well No.2 was drilled

approximately 120 feet north of Well No.1 to a depth of 3,300 feet

in September, 1988 and became fully operational in September, 1989.

Waikii Well No.2 was constructed as a "back-up water supply source"

to Waikii Well No. 1.

-1-

UF'OI..U I"T.

-----•

• • 11111_ .... '--_-'-1_---"'

.. SOURCE: OPED

•

-•

t<A I.AE

2

PROJECT LOCATION THE ISLAND OF

HAWAII

..... '"

- - - - - - - JtlDlCAL DISllUCT BOUNDARY ---HIGHWAY

FIGURE NO.1 LOCATION MAP

1Rs EVEIIYTHING ON THII pure ZONEO A4 EXCEPT:

PARCIL

4 5 9

10 11

ZONING

UN UN UN UN R-l

w

• "Je~ .•• ,. ... (U.#I" •.• " ...... )

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o

... .....

....... ..... ' .

.••. ~ . .... -...

L

.......

. .;.,,-"\\ .. ····v

ia=' ,..,., ~.", .. .4.,.4., • .......

,.-' ".-'

.... ...

..... .... ·····0

...... "iF) II."II.~ .. ~ ............. .

...... ~ ..

FIGURE NO.2 PROJECT SITE

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PHASE II

WELL NOS. 1 & 2

SIZ_' I \Me .. I :tC'!'S TO'I'A'"

= ,.!..~ _~~_ ~_~!- . 30 I 'ROIII A40e TO Ii 10. I-

• "'OM A40e TO AS. I I!-;RoM • .o; ;0 0.. .. I ~ r,;.OM •• 0; ;0 A I; ... ~ I

s ..... ~ 14 .•

I .... • o.a, -!-

I .... • I

VIISTIM Z_ &40. I. 40 .... • 11.0' ... ",4

L4' 1 • .... toe_as

.......... ~-...,.t "

(: 41 SE I PHA , \.

PHASE- II

FIGURE NO.3 GENERAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN

4

.. --.. •

•

----•

The subdivision will be completed in two or more phases. Each phase will be coordinated with the construction of waterworks facilities to adequately provide a supply of water for its needs.

On May 2,1984, the Hawaii State Department of Health granted a conditional approval for Well No.1 to be used as a potable water source

B. PURPOSE

The purpose of this report is to present the results of the initial Well No.1 exploratory and testing program and to provide preliminary engineering information regarding development of Waikii Well No.2 as a potable water source-as required by the State Department of Health Drinking Water Program.

C. PHYSICAL AND HYDROLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AREA

1. Cl imate

The area to be developed lies between approximately 3,500 and 5,000 feet above sea level on the middle slopes of Mauna Kea. At this elevation, the average annual temperature is 60°F, more characteristic of the lower latitude temperature zone than of the tropics. The mean winter temperature is approximately 58°F and the mean summer temperature about 63°F. The average diurnal minimum temperature falls into the lower fifties and the average high temperature reaches to the lower seventies.

Annual median rainfall is about 22 inches, which is cons idered sub-humid intemperate 1 at i tudes but semi -ari d in the tropics. In addition to rainfall, significant moisture is deposited by advection fog that moves inland in

-5-

Itllll

-----

-• -• -.. .. .. ill .. ..

III!II

III

• III .. .. ..

2.

3 .

the afternoon. Fog is most frequent in the summer months of April through August when rainfall is least. A research study by Juvik and tkern (1978) on the moisture flux of fog along the slope of Hualalai, a similar leeward Hawaii situation, suggests that fog adds seven to eight inches of moisture per year to the rainfall, raising the total precipitation to approximately 30 inches. Heavy dew provides another source of moisture. Additionally, the fog cover and lack of wind reduces the normally expected evaporation rate.

Topography

The Waikii Well Nos. 1 and 2 are situated in the gently sloping west flank of Mauna Kea at an elevation of 4,262 feet above sea level. The wells are sited just off the Saddle Road on an interior plateau that merges into the Waimea Plain. Within the development area, the average ground slope is 10 to 20 degrees. The terrain consists predominantly of rolling grassland interrupted by· occasional lines and copses of eucalyptus trees. Figure No.3 shows the location of the development and Wells Nos . 1 and 2.

Geology and Foundation Conditions

The entire development area is covered by a blanket of fine volcanic material called Pahala Ash. Its thickness ranges from 5 to 20 feet and probably averages more than 10 feet. Beneath the ash, the Hamakua volcanic series of Mauna Kea extends to an unknown depth. Th is format i on cons i sts of thin layers, mostly less than 10 feet thick, of primitive olivine basalt lavas that are permeabl e aqu i fers in Hawaii. drilling of Well No.1, in

-6-

characteri st i c of the most Cuttings collected during

addition to the drilling

••

---.. ---.. •

• --... -• .. •

• .. • .. .. ..

4.

experience, suggest that the entire section below the Pahala Ash consists solely of fresh lavas. The Pahala Ash is a stable cover that gives rise to fertile soils. It is composed of highly weathered volcanic ejecta. Much of the Island of Hawaii is mantled by this information. The Hamakua volcanic series is the rigid bedrock underlying all of Mauna Kea.

The two wells lay on Mauna Kea's west rift zone where high 1 eve 1 groundwater occurs. As in other better- known ri ft zones, the groundwater is probab1 y impounded in permeab1 e basaltic aquifers intersected by nearly impermeable vertical dikes.

Earthquake Considerations

The project site, as well as the entire Island of Hawaii is located wi th in Sei smi c Zone 3, as defi ned under the 1985 edition of the Uniform Building Code (UBC). The UBC defines Zone 3 as an area where major damage could occur as a resu1 t of an earthquake with an i ntens ity 1 eve 1 of V II I and higher on the Modified Merca11i Intensity Scale of 1931. All buildings and structures should be designed and constructed to resist stresses produced by related seismic forces. For the construction of water wells, no special seismic design consideration are required by the County. It should be noted that the earthquake experienced on the Island of Hawaii in November of 1983, having a magnitude of 6.2 on the Richter Scale, did not affect Waikii Well No.1 nor is it thought to have affected any other well on the Island of Hawaii.

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.. • -III -III

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5. Groundwater Conditions

Previous to drilling Well No.1, the manner of groundwater

occurrence in the Waikii region was not known. Following

test i ng of Well No.1, however, it became man i fest that

high level groundwater in the Mauna Kea west rift had been

discovered.

Well No.1 was drilled to 65 feet below sea level. A water

tabl e was in it i ally struck at a depth of 2,738 feet, or

1,524 feet above sea level. Eventually the head stabilized

at approximately 1,500 feet above sea level. Fluctuations

of the water table during the pump test are given in

Appendix A, "Waikii Well I Drilling and Testing."

The test proved that the aquifer is extensive and contains

high quality groundwater. Drawdown, chiefly due to well

face turbulence rather than aquifer effects, stabilized at

19 feet at a pumping rate of 160 gpm. Pumping has

continued since the test to provide water for cattle on

Parker Ranch. The water table elevation has not changed

perceptibly.

A temperature log of Well No. 1 made by Dan Lum of the

State Department of Land and Natural Resources showed a gradual increase in temperature from 79°F at the water

table to 110°F at the bottom of the boring, 1,556 feet

deeper . All of the well s on the west fl ank of Mauna Kea

are anomalously warm by about 10°F, probably as a result of

residual heat in the basement rock of the volcano. If only

the normal geothermal grad i ent (approxi rna te 1 y 1°F per 80

feet) added heat to the groundwater, the bottom water in

the well would be 100°F rather than the measured 110°F.

The di scharge temperature of the well water at the ground

surface is stable at 87°F, although the sensor at the pump

-8-

-..

• -.. -•

• -.. -.. --.. ---• -• -

intake records at 82°F. Cool ing of the pump motor by the passing water may add several degrees of temperature to the output at the surface.

A tritium analysis by the Water Resources Research Center

(WRRC) of the University of Hawaii of a sample collected

from Well No.1 on June 19, 1983 gave a count of 12.95 +/-1.54 tritium units. This high level shows that the water

is very young and suggests that rainfall is actively

recharging the aquifer.

We 11 No. 2 was drill ed to a depth of 962 feet above sea

level. A water table was initially struck at a depth of

2,730 feet, or 1,532 feet above sea 1 evel. At Well No.1,

the measured initial water level was at 1,538 feet,

virtually identical to that of Well No.2, which lies 120

feet away. Due to the close proximity of Well No.1, the

groundwater condition for Well No.2 is expected to be

identical to the aforementioned description for Well No.1 .

6. Flood Considerations

7.

Flooding is not a normal hazard in Waikii. The Pahala Ash

cover effectively absorbs rainfall and resists erosion.

Only one master gulch, Awaiakeakua, drains the area. It is dry except for peri ods of heavy showers. The gul ch 1 i es

about 500 feet downslope and west of the well site.

Tsunamis pose no risks because of the high elevation of the

development area.

Land Use and Zoning

Land with i n

agricultural

the project boundary

use as defined under

-9-

is designated

the State Land

for

Use

____________________ ,~.c,' •• , ... ,.~

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-.. -•

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•

•

• -•

•

D.

8.

District Regulations. All parcels are presently zoned A40, where "A" denotes agricultural use, and "40" signifies the

mi nimum acreage requi red for the parcel. Development of

the proposed subdivision would maintain the agricultural

land use designation, but change the zoning to AI0 and A20

for the lots wi th a mi n i mum acreage of 10 and 20 acres,

respectively.

Water Rights and Future Uses by Others

Waikii Ranch Associates II, owns 3,000 acres of Waikii, and

according to present doctrine, has a right to develop

water. The region is not "designated" by the Department of

Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) as a groundwater control

area. The permit procedure was fo 11 owed before the fi rs t

well was drilled.

Use of the well s wi 11 not affect other water sources in

South Kohala or North Kona. The nearest well (5745-02) is

nine miles distant in Waiakaloa.

EXISTING WATERWORKS SYSTEM

1. General

Waikii Well Nos. 1 and 2 were constructed by Waikii Ranch

Associates to provide a potable water source for the

proposed Waikii Ranch development. Well Nos. 1 and 2

became fully operational in May, 1983 and September, 1989,

respectively. In addition, supportive facilities including

two 100,OOO-gallon and one 10,OOO-gallon water storage

reservoirs and a water distribution network, will service

the proposed agricultural subdivision.

-10-

-"II1II

2.

.. -.. - 3.

...

... • -.. -/III

-• -.. --... .. ...

•

EXisting Water Distribution System

The existing water' system within the site area consists of eight-inch-diameter ductile iron distribution waterlines which are aligned within the existing roadway system . Small diameter service laterals extend from the distribution main to the individual agricultural lots.

Water Demand and Storage

The anticipated water demands for the proposed agricultural subdivision are as follows:

a.

b •

c.

Average -Da ily Demand = 207 lots x 400 gall ons/l ot =

82,800 gallons

Maxi mum Da il y Demand = 1. 5 x Average Day = 124,200 gallons

Peak Hour = 3.0 x Average Day = 248,400 gallons

d. Fire Flow = 1,000 gpm for 1 hour

e.

f.

Water Demand in gallons per day:

No. of Average Maximum Phase Units Daily Demand Da i1 y Demand

I 112 44,800 67,200

II ~ 38,000 57,000 207 82,800 124,200

Pumping Capacity Required = Maximum day demand 124,200 - 1440 = 86 gpm

-11-

---------• ..

.. ---.. ..

.. I11III

• •

'"

4.

g.

h.

Pumping Capacity Available Each Well = 100 gpm 144,000 gpd

Reservoir Capacity Required: larger of (1) or (2)

(1) Maximum Day Consumption = 124,200 gallons; or

(2) Maximum Day Rate plus fire flow for duration of fire. Reservoir 3/4 full at start of fire, with credit for incoming flow from pumps, and one maximum size pump out of service .

124,200 gal x 1/24 + 1,000 gpm x 60 min. =

65,175 gal .

(65,175 gal - 3/4) - (100 x 60) = 80,900 gal.

Provide a minimum of 125,000 gallons of storage. The actua 1 water storage capac i ty provi ded by the three water storage tanks is 210,000 gallons .

Existing Waterworks Facilities

As the proposed development is to be served by Waikii Well Nos. 1 and 2, no water treatment facilities will be needed in order to meet the water quality standards established in the Primary Drinking Water Regulations. In conformance with the County of Hawaii Water System Standards, stand-by chlorination facilities have been constructed for Waikii Well Nos. 1 and 2 to provide disinfection of the water supply if it were to become necessary to do so .

The en tire waterworks system has been des i gned in conformance with County standards and regulations. In

-12-

-

..

.. .. ..

.. • .. • ---.. ---.. -.. •

.. •

• o

II

WAIKII RANCH BOUNDRY

6" Ii 0.1. WATER LIN

PRY ~ EL = 3970 \

UPSTREAM ~ PRESSURE = 156 PSI

DOWNSTREAM t--_-..... PRESSURE ... 66 PSI---.r.r'\\ .",."

WAIKII WELL NOS. 1 & 2 EL 4262

0.1 MG RESERVIOR O.F. EL = 4328.5 . ,." ~,.,. BOT. EL = 4314.0

./

( ) I

\ 100 GPM BOOSTER PUMP DH ... 322'

!---"'r--­\--J~...., \

0.1 MG RESERVOIR O.F EL - 4639.75 BOT. EL - 4625.25 100 GPM BOOSTER PUMP ~ \TDH ... 240' I '"

'----~ ----~ \

1500

SCALE IN FEET

\ --~~. -- .... ---~ ---L

~.~~ ------------- ~

0.01 MG RESERVIOR O.F. EL .. 4851.67 BOT. EL 4846.0

3000

13

FIGURE NO.4 EXISTING WATER SYSTEM

-• .. .. .. ---.. ..

E. .. .. -.. -.. ------.. .. .. • .. •

•

•

addition to the distribution main network, three on-grade

water storage reservoirs have been constructed, two of the

tanks have a capacity of 100,000 gallons, while the third

tank has a capacity of 10,000 gallons. Booster pump

stat ions have been constructed to convey water from the

lower 100,000 gallon storage reservoirs to the higher

10,000

valve

ga 11 on

stations

storage

have

reservoir. Pressure regulating

been installed to

pressures serving lower subdivision lots.

the existing system is shown on Figure No.4 .

reduce water

The 1 ayout of

DESCRIPTION OF NEW WATER SOURCE

1.

2.

Well Site

Well No. 2 is located at 190 52' Nand 1550 36' W at an

elevation of 4,262 feet above sea level. The drainage

basin has gentle to moderate slopes and encompasses about

15 square miles, all of which is drained by Awaiakeakua

Gulch. The slope of the ground surface averages 1,000 feet

vertical drop per 10,000 feet horizontal distance, or 10

percent.

The soil belongs to the Waimea Series as defined by the

Soil Conservation Service. It is a very sandy loam derived

from the Pahala Ash. Permeability is moderately rapid,

runoff is slow, and the erosion hazard is slight. Below

the soil, several feet of the original Pahala Ash lies over

the Hamakua bas a 1 t. A few cinder cones of the ri ft zone

occur in the area.

Water Quantity

Well No.2 is very deep. Total penetration is about 3,300

feet. A stable water table exists at an elevation of

-14-

-----. ------.--.-~,.,

-,.

.. -.. -.. .. .. .. ----..

.. II!II

•

1,532 feet (2,730 feet below the ground) in a dike

impounded aquifer. Currently, the well is fitted with a

pump capable of producing 144,000 gpd.

The well as constructed should be able to yield 1.0 to 1.5

mgd (1,040 gpm) when equipped with a large enough pump. At

th is rate, the drawdown woul d be apprec i ab 1 e, but in dike

aquifers drawdown is limiting only if the well is

insufficiently deep to accommodate it. The Waikii well

does not face this problem. Even though the project's

water demand criteri a requi res a maxi mum day demand of

124,000 gallons per day, the pump is already producing

144,000 gpd, utilizing its present pump. However, the

exact quantity of water that can be produced from the

aquifer with an acceptable drawdown will have to be

establ i shed through step drawdown well pump tests.

Appendix A, "Waikii Well I Drilling and Testing,"

elaborates on attainable pumping rates.

3. Water Quality

Analysis of a water sample collected on May 4, 1989 shows

the groundwater to be of very high quality. Chemical

analysis by Brewer Analytical Laboratories is provided in

Appendix B. Normally reported water constituents and their

concentrations are as follows: nitrogen 1.76 mg/l, and

fluoride 0.36 mg/l. None of the following pesticides could

be detected: end ri n, 1 i ndane, methoxych lor, toxaphene,

2,4-0, and 2,4,5-TP. Heavy metals were either undetectable

or in very small traces appreciably below acceptable

limits .

-15-

-• -• --• ---• -• -.. --.. -.. ---•

-• • II

III

III

4.

5.

EXisting or Potential Sources of Contamination in the Recharge Area

The recharge area of the Waikii high level aquifer covers the western slope of Mauna Kea, all of it either ranch land or in the conversion zone. The only concentration of human activity is at Waikii village where several houses are located. The village lies one mile southeast of the well along the Saddle Road.

Because a natural environment prevails almost everywhere in the recharge area, opportunit i es for contami nat i on of the groundwater are virtually absent. Additionally, an overburden 6f more than 2,500 feet of soil and rock separates the ground surface from the water table. The only potential point sources of contamination are cesspools and septic tanks. These are so few as to pose no threat at all. The soil-ash blanket is an especially effective buffer against contamination. The pesticides and fertilizers employed in ranching operations are too disseminated in application to pose a threat. No sanitary landfills or injections wells are located in the area.

Approximate Groundwater Contours

Insufficient information is available to plot the groundwater flow direction in the aquifer. Dike aquifers behave like storage tanks into or from which leakage takes place, depending on differences in head among the compartments. The water table lies approximately 1,500 feet above sea level, but outside the rift zone in the basal aquifer it is only five to ten feet above sea level.

-16-

-

---II1II

------II1II

l1li

F. SOURCES OF WATER SUPPLY

The soil-Pahala Ash blanket drapes the Hamakua basalt as a

continuous layer broken only by remnant cinder cones and the

channel of Awaiakeakua. This cover is an effective impediment

to contami nant seepage. The underlyi ng Hamakua format ion is

typical of the primary basalts that constitute the volcanos of

Hawaii. It consists of innumerable layers, averaging 10 feet or

less in thickness, of aa-clinker and pahoehoe. Vertical

fractures are normally limited to the thickness of individual

1 ayers wh i 1 e hori zonta 1 permeabi 1 i ty is enhanced by 1 ava tubes

and other 1 arge structural openings, but the extent of these

features is rarely more than 100 feet.

The structure and position of the ash and lava formations

prevent direct downward percolation of surface drainage beyond

several feet. Contaminants in infiltrate are 1 ikely to be

fil tered, absorbed or broken down wi th in the soil- ash 1 ayer

unless they are extremely stable.

The aquifer evidently is extensive and capable of yielding

sufficiently water for the proposed development. With the water

table at 1,500 feet above sea level, a very large volume of

groundwater exists beneath Waikii. Recharge normally is

continuous, but even under severe drought stress the aquifer

would be able to yield a sufficiency of water because of its

storage volume.

Contamination of the aquifer from proposed human activities is

highly improbable. Only two potential contaminant sources are

identifiable agricultural chemicals and septic tank cesspool

wastes. Neither will be present in a volume capable of causing

pollution. The soil-ash cover and the great depth of over 2,500

feet of basal t between the ground surface and the water tabl e

are effective safeguards against contamination.

-17-

-.. .. ... .. -.. -.. -.. ... • ... .. ---.. -.. --..

.. • ..

• " •

G .

The well is constructed to prevent surface drainage from trickling down the annulus to the water table. The top 500 feet is filled with solid cement grout inserted between the steel casing and the outer diameter of the boring. The casing has an outer diameter of 7 inches and is .380 thick. The reamed bore is 17 1/2, 12 1/4 and 9 7/8 inches in diameter to depths of 75, 500 and 2,800 feet below the surface, respectively. A schematic of the well is shown on Figure No.5.

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

The environmental impact of the new well on groundwater resources will be negligible. The groundwater is not used now . Kaneshiro and Peterson (1977) estimated that an average flux of fresh groundwater wasted to the ocean seaward of Waikii is 6.38 mgd per mile of coastline .

Until Well No. 1 was drilled, existence of a exploitable high level aquifer in the west flank of Mauna Kea was not known. The utilization of the Waikii Well Nos. 1 and 2 will expand knowledge of groundwater occurrence and behavior in South Kohal a.

H. SUMMARY

The proposed Waikii Ranch development is a 207-lot agricultural subdivision located in South Kohala along the northwest slopes of Mauna Kea.

A potable water source has already been developed for the proposed subdivision. Waikii Well No.1, having a depth of over 4,300 feet was drilled in November, 1982 and became fully operational in May, 1983. A subsequent Well No.2 was drilled adj acent to Well No. 1 to a depth of 3,300 feet in September, 1988 and became fully operational in September, 1989. The wells

-18-

,-----------_._--_ ...... .

-

EL, 4282

----III

-III

-,.. -

EL. 1532

III

---III

III EL. 962 ..

..

, , o 0 o 0 ...., .::Q I ...., N

1 . o o ...., N

o o 111

. O! ,...

APPROX. STATIC WAiER LEVEL

19

GRAO~

CONDUCTOR PIPE

.,.....-171/1.'· HOLE

,_- 133/8" 0.0. K-55 CASING I 61 #/FT. CEMENTED TO SURfACE

12;/ .. " HOLE:

........ - C~MENT GROUT - TREMIE IN PLACE

~- DOUBLE CEMENT BASKET

9 7/S' HOLE

:..-- r 0.0. CASING Tace 23#/FT

e50 Lf". CEMENT PRESSURE GROUT

STAB-IN CEMENT SHOE HALLIBURTON OR EOUAL NOTE: SHOE SHALL BE: DRILLED OUT AfTER CEMENTING OPERATION.

COUBLE CEMENT BASKET

r 0.0. K-55 CASING, 23#/FT BRO racc W/VERTICAL Si..OTS 24. 8 /1J AREA OPENING

FIGURE NO.5 WAIKII WELL NO.2

,-------.----""~"""'-."".-''''~ .. -<>,~~

----.. -----.. -III

.. ---.. ----.. -.. -III

are located at about the 4,260 foot elevation. Pump tests have indicated that sufficient quantities of good quality water meeting Primary Drinking Water Standards are available from both well sources. The wells are currently fitted with a pump, each capable of producing 144,000 gpd. Water being produced from the wells exhibit a chloride concentration of less than 20 mg/l.

The surrounding area is all agricultural and is sparsely inhabited. Contamination of the aquifer from proposed human activities is highly improbable. Only two potential contaminant sources are identifiable agricultural chemicals and septic tank/cesspool wastes. Neither will be present in a volume capable of causing pollution. The annular space around the well has already been grouted to a depth of at least 200 feet below the ground surface, thus preventing seepage directly into the aquifer.

Because of the high ground elevations and porous nature of the volcanic surface materials, flooding is not a normal hazard in Waikii.

-20-

-I.

-• -... ---... -... --... ---.. -... -IIIIIIII

-IIIIIIII .. -• ... ..

REFERENCES

Adams, W.M., Peterson, F.L., Mathur, S.P., Lepley, L.K., Warren C., and Huber, R.D., < 1969, A hydrogeophysical survey from Kawaihae to Kailua-Kona, Hawaii: Univ. Haw., WRRC, TR 32.

Juvik, J.D., and Ekern, P.C., 1978, A climatology of mountain fog on Mauna Loa, Hawaii Island: Univ. Haw., WRRC, TR 118 .

Kaneshiro, B.Y., and Peterson, F.L., 1977, Groundwater recharge and coastal discharge for the northwest coast of the Island of Hawa ii, a computer; zed budget approach: Un i v. Haw., WRRC, TR 110.

State of Hawaii, 1982, Median rainfall State of Hawaii: Dept. Land & Nat. Res., C88.

Stearns, H.T., and Macdonald, G.A., 1946, Geology and ground­water resources of the Island of Hawaii: Terr. Hawaii Division Hydrography, Bu 11 .- 9.

USDA, 1973, Soil survey of the Island of Hawaii, State of Hawaii: Soil Conservation Service.

-21-

---. -.. • .. ----• .. .. .. ---------.. -.. -.. -..

APPENDIX A

WAI KII WELL I

DRILLING AND TESTING

-.. -!II'-

' ... • ---.. -• ... .-... IIIi

... • ------.. --... ... .. .. -• -.. -iii .. ..

-

WAIKi:I WiL.;., I DRILLEiG ANTI TESTH:G

By

Joh.n F. Minl<

For

G. E. Krer.IkO\v Waikii Ranch Asscciation

May 27, 1983

-. '-------•

--------•

--

WAlKI I 1'lELL I

Dl"illL~g and Testillg

By

John F. Mint: Hydr010bi~t

Loca t :ion and, Ge 0 10 gi C<l ~ Envi r~:)l~,:!len t

Wai~iiW3il I is situated on the gen~lY sloping Kest

flank cf Mauna Kea at bU elEvation of 4,260 feet. It lies a

hUTidred or so feet West of th~ Sa/idle Road five m::'les south of

the intarsectJon ~ith Mamalahca ~righwa}. A Parker Ranch

pip~line CTos~es ih~ roaJ a ~hort distance fro~ the well. The

village of Waikii lie~ a~out a mile to tne south.

Th~ well was originally 4,350 feet deep and is one

of the dl';epest water wells known. It was drilled through 20

feet of Paha!~ Ash at tha surface, t~en 4,330 feet of thin

layered olivine basal1: of the Haifi:lkua volcanic series of

Mauna Kea volcano. Drill cuttings ir.dicate that the basalt

is unalte:-ed alld continuous, at least to the depth from which

cuttings ~ere recovered. No evi~ense cf horizontal

discontinuitie3, 5uch a~ Heathering unconformiti.r>s or

signific~nt pyroclastic deposi!s, were discernible. Cuttings

were returned frem the first 3,200 feet in which air and

foam were the drilling medium; at greater depths mud was

---~.-..

I " ...... / ,..

• -• -.. --.. l1li -.. 1M .. ---------.. ... .. • -• .. l1li

........ .. ;

• ... III

of olivine and plagioclase are characteristic of the

cuttings.

The well evidently lies in the west rift zone

of Mauna Kea. This rift is indicated by a line of cinder

cones and its existence suggested by the results of

geophysical investigations conducted by the Water Resources

Research Center of the University of Hawaii (W. M. Adams,

et aI, 1969, A Hydrogeophysical Survey from Kawaihae to

Kailua-Kona, Hawaii: Water Resources Research Center,

Univ. Hawaii, TR 32). In particular, based on data obtained

from a magnetotellurics survey the investigators concluded

that vertical structur~s, PQssibly consisting of a dike

s~a-rm, trend west~{ard at right angles to ~·la:!lalar.oa HighKay

in the vicinity of 1iaikii. The stable high 'va ter table

encountered in thd well is a manifestation ~f groundwater

controlled by dikes in a rift zone.

Drilling History

The venture to drill the well was organized by

G. E. Kremkow. No wells exist in the region, and the

only other attenpt to probe for water in this portion of the

saddle formed by the slopes cf Ma~na Kea, Mauna Loa and

Hualalai was at Pohakuloa, ten miles to the southeast of

Waikii. The test boring was abandoned as a failure after

reaching a depth of about 500 feet. All of the wells to

--.. • ( "'.-... • .. • '-.. ... • -.-

~ .. • -• -iIII-

-ill!

----.. • 11!1 .. .. .. ... .. .. • I11III ..

the north and west of Waikii on the broad slope leading , ,

from Mauna Kea and lyinibetween Kohala and Hualalai had

to penetrate virtually to sea level to encounter grcund-,

water. This region is underlain by basal aquifers in

which fresh to brackish wa~er floats on sea water .

The well was drilled by Water Resources In~ernational

in November-December, 1982, in less than 30 days. A rctary

rig was used, and air and foam were the drilling fluids to

3,200 feet, below which bentonite h3d to be suhstit~tcd .

Upon completion of drilling the depth to i'later \.;as repo .. ~"t~d

on December 10, 1982, as 2,738 feet, equivalent to a he~d

(elevation above sea level) of 1,538 feet. ~etween D&cem~er

18 and December 20 the depth to water was stable at 2s73~

feet, implying a head of 1,544 feet. Because the loggine

cable was not calibrated for such a great d~pth, a

correction factor of approximately 50 feet, based on the •.•. ' I.: ......

correction factor of 51 feet determined by the State

Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR) for thei~

cable, should be added to the raw depth to water mea~urements .

This correction results in a head value of about 1,~OO

feet at the end of drilling .

On December IS, 1982, Dan Lum of DLNR 10gged the

boring with a calibrated csble. The depth to wat3r h~low

ground level was 2,768 reet, giving a head of 1,492 feet .

The logging sho\\"'ed that the actual full d:;pth 0 f the welJ.

was 4,324 feet rather than the initially drilled depth

" .

-... ••

of ~,350 fect, indicating a luss of 26 feet due to .,

.accumulation of cuttings and other sediments.

The DLNR logging included a thetrnal profile.

At a depth of 200 feet in the unsaturated zone ·temperature

in ths well ~as 67°F; f=om ~here it increased line&rly to

- 78.2~F at d~pth 3,200 fe~t i~ th~ satulated zone. It also

increased linearly fro~ 3,200 feet to the w~ll bottom at

.. 4,324 feet but at ~ gre~ter rate. The temperature at 4,324

feet was 104 ° F • This i~.;:reas e is caused by th<;; no nul .. geothermal gradie~t and perhaps partially by abnormal heating - from residual heat in volcanic rocks. The normal geothermal - gIadient is ~ppro~~sately lOF/60 feet; it is given as -- lOF/37 to lO~/73 feet in, J. Bear, 1972: Dynamics of Fluids

- in Porous ~[edia: American Else'!i~r Co., pg. 6.+1. A volcanic

- terr~in wnelJ be expec~ed to display the higher gradient

- (i.e., lOF/37 f~et). Using th~ lower rate of lOF/75 feet - results in a~ ~xpecte~ temperature at 4,324 feet of about --Before the pump was installed in mid May, depth

- to water was meas1lred by the Water Resources International

logger as 2J70~ feet below ground surface from a reference

poiGt at 4,260 feet e1evatinn. A depth to water of this

magnitude stretr;hes cable cc.'nsiderably. ApJ:lying the DL~R

corTection of ~bout SO feet 1 ~ru~ depth to water was

- a~proxiillately ~,751 feet, equiv~lent to a s~ablc hc~d at

• th~ start of the p~mp t~st uf 1,509 feet.

-

.' III

III

... III

... • -,~

-.. -• -•

• • .. ... • .. • ,'-"", •

Casing was installed in the well in the early pa~t

of 1983. Blank casing h~ving an outer diameter of 13-3/8

inches and a length of 3,500 feet was emplaced, leaving 350

feet cif 17-1(2 inches diameter open hole below. To improve

flow conditions from the aquifer into the well, 500 holes,

each 3/4 inch in diameter" were shot through the casing

below the water table. The casing is securely supported

by 200 feet of grout at its top and 100 feet at its botto~.

Well Features

Listed below are basic data describing t~e well.

Ground ele\"a tion 4,259 feet

Measuring point elevation .... 4,260 feet

Depth (original) 4,350 f&et (elev.

- 90' feet)

Depth Clogged) ............... 4,324 feet (elev.

Casing

- 64 fect)

3,500 feet cf !3-3/S

inch outer diameter;

lower approximately

700 feet perforated

wi~h 500 holes, 3/4-

incil diameter.

Open hole (original) ......... asa fee~, 17-1/2

inches di3.metcr

O • a ~ ( 1 0 /" ('1''' 1) pen n Le ~ Kb~~ .......... . 824 feet, 17-1/2

incn'.:!s diameter

-. • ... .-· .-.. • IIIIIt .. ... • ..-.. ..-.. -... .. ... !IIi

---.. -----.--!IIi ... .. ... III ..... .. .. .. III

Depth to water~ May 17, 1983 . 2,751 feet ,

Head, May 17, 1983 ......•.•.. 1,509 feet

, Pump Test

A test at full pump capacity was run from 1200

on May 17 to 1300 on May 20, a total of 72 hours. Pumping

was continuous except for several minor stoppages totalling

no more than 30 minutes. A REDA submersible pump rated at

150 gpm at 3,500 rpm_~as used. Total energy req~iTellient

was about 220 horse power. The bottom of the pump was set

3,480 feet below the surface. Attac~ed to the pump 2t this

depth was a pressure and temperatu7e sensor. The column

of water between the sensor and the water table t3fore the

start of pumping was 729 feet (this difference and ell

others that follow refer to the initial head calculated

by applying a correction of 50 feet to the Water Rescurces

International logger). The initial scale value of the

pressure sensor was 1,686 psi. The sensor scale values

therefore had to be divided by 5.34 to yield the true

thickness of the column of water lying above the sensor.

The correction factor is obtained as follows:

1686 psi x 2.31 ft./psi = 5.34 729 ft .

Drawdown is the difference b~twe~n the positio~

of the original water table and the level to ~hich it ~e~ce~ds

- 6 -.-~~ .. --~~ .. _._'-"-' .. ~ ~."-"

-'. -

III

---... ill.

--III

-----.. ...

• --.. -..

during pumping. To obtain drawdown expressed in feet from

the pressure sensor scale, the following equation was

applied:

'p

s = 2.3l! S~ ::;4 -'-

in which s is drawdown in feet, Po is the original sensor

scale pressure of 1,686 psi and Pt is the scale pressure

at the time of reading. This relationship was used to

computed drawdown during the pump test.

The initial sensor temperature was S2.6°F. This

corresponds closely with temperat~re in the static column

of water as logged by DLNR. Pump discharge at th~ outlet

pipe stabilized at 89°F during the test. The incr~~se of

about 6e between the ~ensor temperature and the discharge

temperature may have been due to heating of the water by

the pump motor. An alternative explanation is that de~per,

warmer water is dra,\Y'n to the pump to mix vlith cooler ,,,,ateT

above.

In spite of the fact that the Waikii well is the

deepest water well ever drilled in Hawaii and the pump

setting is deeper by 2,000 feet than any other in the

State, the test was highly successful. The pump worked

flawlessly and the sensors were reliable. It was not

possible to engage in a step drawciown test, but the stability

of drawdown (about 19 feet) at the sustained rate cf 160

-------------___ '--_.~~_7.,_L_ .,-

-

-'.' .. --..

• -• ---II1II' ..... ---------.. .. ..

--•

to 165 gpm provides the critical information needed for

completing the final design of a pumping station.

Data collected Quring tho pump test is tabulated

below:

Date Time Rate (gpm)

5/17/83 1255 o 160 _ 160 160

1305 1400 1755

5/18/83 0905

1100 167 1110 167 1125 1230 167 1435 162 1445 to

1500 1512 1520 1522 1525

1528 158 1538 158 1543 158 1650 158 1652 1654 162 1700

5/19/83 0855 162

0911 167 1030 1044 162 1055

1106 150 1115 135 1117 1131

Sensor Scale Pressure (psi)

1686 1635 1634

- 1609 1605

1616 1608 1611 1607 1613

1616

1664 1650 1656

1643 1642 1643 1642 1659 1646 1645 1640

1640 1640 1040 1643

IM4 16.+4

Draw­dmvn (ft)

o 22.1 22.5 33.4 35.1

Sensor Temp. (F)

82.6 82.6 85.5 85.5 83.6.

30.3 83.5 33.7 32.5 34.2 82.6 31.6 82.6

30.3 32.6 82.5

9.6 82.5 15.6 13.0

18.7 19.0 18.7 80.0 19.0 80.3 11.7 17.3 17.7 20.0

20.0 20.0 82.4 20.0 18.7

18.2 81.3 18.2

Discharge Temp. (F)

8S 89 89

Remarks

Pump on.

Continuous p~ing overnight.

Average of 7 reacH::'; Dra\ .... dmffi decrease :..:s result of surge.

Pump off. Pump on.

Continuous pump ins overnight .

Decrease rate; attc~~ step drawciO'.m.

Pump off. Pump en.

...

-• ----

-•

-• -••

-

5/20/83

1131:30 1132 163 1134 1136 1145 1205 1340 164 1300

1684 1671 1650 1656 1642 1643 1642 1642

O.S 6.5

12.1 13.0 84.3 19.0 18.7 19.0 19.0

Interpretation of Test Results

87

Collect water sa."I;:)le: Pump off. Recovcr:,' not measured.

A drawdown of 19 feet at a constant rate of 162 gpm

became established within 24 hours of the start of the test

and remained stable thereafter until the t~st ended after

72 hours of continuous pumping. At this rate the specific

capacity of the well is 8.5 gpm per foct of drawdown.

Improvement in drawdown took place after the well was

surged by shutting dmvn, then turning on th~ pump .

Water table recovery was measured 46 hours into

the test by stopping the pump, ,-raiting 15 minutes, then

starting up again. The sensor pressure recovered to 1684

psi, about 0.9 feet below the initial head. This sharp

recovery to virtually the pre-test water level suggests that

most" of the head loss was caused by turbulent flow rather

than aquifer dewatering. Dikes in the rift zone in which

the groundwater occurs evidently are widely spaced because

no abrupt boundaries appeared to affect drawdown. This

is characteristic of the marginal dike zone, an important

source of high level 1{ater th:;:"oughout Hawaii.

- 9 - "'~"M_''' _____________ _

-,.. -.. -.--.--.. -.. .. ill

... ..

... liliiii

-~

--- :::..--

---.. .. .. .. .. .. ..

Although the attempt at a step drawdown test

(measurement of drawdown stabilized at several different

pumping rates) failed, drawdown for higher rates of

pumping can be estimated by using the stable drawdown

at 162 gpm in conjunction with the power equation that

describes drawdown as a function of the rate of draft, n

s = aQ. In this equation a is constant, Q is pumpage

in gpm and n is an exponent ranging from 1.0 (pure laminar

flow) to 2.0 (pure turbulent flow). When well effect~

are negligible and o-nly flow in the aq.uifer contributes

to drawdown, n = 1.0; when well effects dominate and

aquifer dewatering is ~egligible, n = 2.0. Given below

are solutions for four cases varying from the worst possible

to the best. Neither the worst nor th~ best are expectable.

s (ft) s (ft) @ (~

Case n Q = 694 gpm (1 mgd) Q = 1041 gpm (1. 5 mgd)

Worst 2.0 385 867 Poor 1.5 180 329 Probable 1.3 134 228 Best 1.0 87 130

For a pump set 3,480 feet below the surface about

700 feet are allowable for drawdown. Only for the worst

case at 1,041 gpm (1.5 mgd) would drawdown exceed the

allowable drop in the water table. The well as constructed

should be able to yield 1.0 to 1.S mgd when equipped with

a large enough pump .

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--.. -------.. -.. -..

.. , .. ;

..

Conclusions

1. Waikii WeIll is located in the west rift

zone ~f Mauna Kea volcano.

2. The static water table is approximately

1,500 feet above sea level . V

3. The aquifer which is tr i but~:{ry to the \V'e 11

evidently is voluminous. At a constant pumping rate

of 162 gpm the drawdown was stable at 19 feet after 72

hours of pumping.

4. With a large enough pump the well can yield

at least 1.0 mgd. Drawdown at this rate would be approxi~atelf

134 feet. In high level dike aquifers where sea water

intrusion is not a threat, absolute value of drawdown is not

the critical measure of success; stability at a giVen rate

is more ~eaning£ul.

5. The ground water may be heated to a slight

extent (less than 10°F) by a deep heat source. Evidence

also suggests that heating is caused by the norm?l geothe~;nal

gradient. Neither alternative explanation can be stated

as the most likely at this time.

- ~~ 1 -

1\ r \ \, \aL>~-:-~(r'v,-~L,-, '\\ \..

UJOHN F. !.n~K Hydrologist

-

.. ------..

.. liliiii

.. -.. • •

!III .. ..

..

..

APPENDIX B

WATER QUALITY DATA

- t:, ,

P.2 ,. .WER ANAL YTJCAL LABOr. :ORIES _artn'9~t of Bre'loef Chemical Corporation

: :)X 552 P.A.PAIKOU. hAWAII 98781 PMONE: ~64-6522 JOB NO. 5447 - CATE 05-16-89 ABORATORY ANALYSIS REPORT (1) PAGE 1 OF 1 ,-)~ ______ ~_~_TIal_. __ R_A_~_TC_H __ A_S~~~OC~I_A_T_E __ n __________ ATTN: ____ ~_lR_.~L~U_C_KY ___ P_U_H_I ________________ __ :;';;'RESS: P. O. BOX 367 PHONE: 885-S668

KAMUELA. HAWAII 96743 ~~P~=SOF: ____ P~o~t=ab~l~e_W~at~e~r ___________________________________________________ ___ ~PL=O 3Y: __ ..:;;C ..... l1.l1<.en=.lt'-__________ SAMPLING DATE: 05-04-89 T1ME: ______ _ :"=!PT DAT:: 05-04-89 TIME: __ .....;;1'-3.._5 .... 0 ____________ _

~ATE SAMPLE ANALYZED 105/04-16/89

.'tME SAMPl..E ANAL Y2ED

SAMPLE TYPE

- WAIKII . Maximum SAMPLE DESCRIPTION '-YELL COIltaminant - Level -• UNITS mg/L

. -".\RSENIC m~L < 0.002 0.05

BA3!U~! mll/L 0.03 1.0

CADMffiM mo:/L 0.003 I 0.010 -CRROM:U?vT. mdL 0.01 0.05 -LEAD mg/L < 0.02 0.05 r- -- ,."""'''1( M~l\C~,:-, 'I mg/L < 0.0001 0.002

tSELENIUM m~/L I < 0.002 o 01

mo:/L -< 0.005 0.05 I SILVER

1-. I

,. FLUO~IDE mg/L 0.36

LNITROGEN, )iITRATE mg/L 1. To. I 10.0

.. TURBIDITY NTU 0.37

t CO):DUCTIVITY umhos/crr 469 .."

ENDRIN mg/L < 0.00004 0.0002

T L~DANE milL < 0.00002 0.004

.. METHOXYCHLOR m~/L < 0.0002 0.1

LTOXAPHENE mg/L <. 0.0005 0.005

.. 2,4-D , mglL < 0.005 0.1 ,. 2,4,S .. TP (Silvex) mg/L < 0.001 I 0.01

,J. 'FOTAL COLIFOR~1 ColL10O < 1

"A80RATORY REMARKS: Samples analyzed according to "Methods for Chemical Analysis atWater and Wastes", U.S.

";l1vironmental Prot9c~an Agency, March, '979 and/or "Microbiological Methods for Monitoring the Environment",

~.s. =,vironmen!al Protection Agency, August, 1976.