separation standard

OBJECTIVE OF CONTINGENCY PLAN

Application of Separation Standard in Ahmedabad TMA and PBN

Presentation By:-Arvind Kumar Singh

1Application of Separation Standard in Ahmedabad TMA and PBN

12/26/2015References:DOC 4444MATS Part 1DOC 9426DOC9613

Determination of Separation MinimaSeparationTerm used to keep aircraft at such distance from each other risk of collision will reducedApplication is based on position reportLongitudinal separation is based on quality of information availableLateral Separation is based on accuracy to adhere a track12/26/2015Application of Separation Standard in Ahmedabad TMA and PBN 2

Vertical or Horizontal Separation

BetweenIFR flights in Class D and E airspaces except when VMC climb or descent IFR flights and special VFR flights; andSpecial VFR flightsNo clearance, that would reduce the spacing between two aircraft.One type separation can not be maintainedAnother type of separation prior to current separation would be infringed.

Application of Separation Standard in Ahmedabad TMA and PBN 312/26/2015

Larger SeparationUnlawful interference

Navigational Difficulties

VIP Aircraft

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Types of Separation12/26/20155Application of Separation Standard in Ahmedabad TMA and PBN

5

6Application of Separation Standard in Ahmedabad TMA and PBN Lateral SeparationBy using the same or different geographic locations

VOR

NDB

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7Application of Separation Standard in Ahmedabad TMA and PBN Lateral SeparationGNSS/GNSSEach aircraft is confirmed to be established on a track with zero offset between two waypointsAt least one aircraft is at a minimum distance from a common point.VOR/GNSS: Aircraft using VOR is established on a radial to or from the VOROther aircraft using GNSS is confirmed to be established on a track with zero offset between two waypointsAt least one aircraft is at a minimum distance from a common point.12/26/2015

TableApplication of Separation Standard in Ahmedabad TMA and PBN 8

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12/26/2015Application of Separation Standard in Ahmedabad TMA and PBN

10Same, Reciprocal and Crossing Track

Application of Separation Standard in Ahmedabad TMA and PBN R064/Tr 244R244/Tr 064R334/Tr 154R154/Tr 334

Same tracks

Reciprocal tracks

Crossing tracksCrossing tracks12/26/2015

Longitudinal SeparationApplication of Separation Standard in Ahmedabad TMA and PBN 1112/26/2015

5 Minutes at Same Level Preceding aircraft is maintaining a TAS20 kt or moreDeparted from the same aerodrome;En-route aircraft that have reported over the same exact significant point;

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Departing and en-route aircraftEn-route aircraft reported over a fix that is so located in relation to the departure pointTo ensure that five-minute separation can be established at the point of joining the air route12/26/2015

5 Minutes (Climbing/Descending)Level change is commenced within 10 minutesThe second aircraft has reported over a common point Which must be derived from ground-based navigation aids or by GNSS; andApplication of Separation Standard in Ahmedabad TMA and PBN 13

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12/26/2015Longitudinal Separation Based on DME and / or GNSSEach aircraft utilizes Same on-track DME orAn on-track DME station and a collocated waypoint(one aircraft is utilizing DME and other is utilizing GNSS); orThe same waypoint when both aircraft are utilizing GNSS; andSeparation is checked by obtaining simultaneously DME and / or GNSS reading at frequent interval14Application of Separation Standard in Ahmedabad TMA and PBN

12/26/2015Aircrafts are at same cruising level.Aircrafts on the same track.20 NM, 10NM, provided when leading aircraft maintains TAS 20 kts or more faster than succeeding aircraft Aircraft on crossing tracks. Separation 1 & 2 are applicable when relative angle between the tracks is less than 90 deg.

Longitudinal Separation based on DME and / or GNSS15Application of Separation Standard in Ahmedabad TMA and PBN

Aircraft Climbing and DescendingAircraft on the Same Track: Minimum 10 NM between the aircraftOne aircraft maintains a level while vertical separation does not existsAircraft on Reciprocal Tracks: Aircraft utilizing on-track DME and/or collocated waypoint or same waypoint Cleared to climb or descend through the levels occupied by other aircraft Positively established that the aircraft have passed each at least 10 NM apart, 12/26/201516Application of Separation Standard in Ahmedabad TMA and PBN

Arrival aircraft carrying out a DME ARC procedure of min 10 DME

Departing aircraft established a track different by at least 45deg from the reciprocal of direction of final app track

Arriving aircraft moving away from the track of departing aircraft.

Departure aircraft maintained VOR radial and crossing arriving aircraft from behind

Separation Based on Crossing Radial


Separation based on Crossing RadialApplication of Separation Standard in Ahmedabad TMA and PBN 18

Arriving aircraft has passed a VOR radial differ by at least 30deg from the radial maintained by departing aircraftWhen the aircraft established on VOR radial is at a DME distance of 10 miles or greater than the DME arc maintained by the arriving aircraft.12/26/2015

12/26/2015Separation based on Crossing RadialOne aircraft is maintaining a radial from a VOR and other aircraft is crossed its track, aircrafts will be laterally separated when Angular difference between the tracks is 45 deg. to 135 deg. Inclusive.

19Application of Separation Standard in Ahmedabad TMA and PBN

Second aircraft crossed a radial which is different by at least 20 deg. from the radial of first aircraftSecond aircraft is 20 DME or more from the VOR used by first aircraft.

19

19

21.11.2011

Longitudinal Separation with MNTbased on Distance using RNAV80 NM RNAV on same-direction tracks in lieu of a 10-minute longitudinal separation minimum with MNT provided:Distance to or from the same on-track common point;At the same level is checked by obtaining simultaneous RNAV distance readings Aircraft climbing or descending is established by obtaining simultaneous RNAV distanceOne aircraft maintains a level while vertical separation does not exist.Application of Separation Standard in Ahmedabad TMA and PBN 2012/26/2015

Reduced Longitudinal SeparationApplication of Separation Standard in Ahmedabad TMA and PBN 21

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Departing AircraftOne-minute separationTracks diverging by at least 45 degrees immediatelyLateral separation is effected immediately after take-off.Two minutesPreceding aircraft is 40 kt or more fasterBoth aircraft will follow the same track Five-minute separation Both aircraft propose to follow the same trackAction to ensure five-minute separationApplication of Separation Standard in Ahmedabad TMA and PBN 2212/26/2015

Wake TurbulenceArrival

DepartureApplication of Separation Standard in Ahmedabad TMA and PBN 23Leading AircraftFollowing AircraftSeparation MinimaHeavyMedium2 MinHeavy or LightLight3 Min

Leading AircraftFollowing AircraftSeparation Minima(Intermediate part of runway)Separation Minima( Full runway)

HeavyMedium or light3 Min2 MinMediumLight3 Min2 Min

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Turbulence Separation(N/A)VFR flights landing on the same runway as a preceding landing HEAVY or MEDIUM aircraftIFR flights executing visual approach-Aircraft has reported the preceding aircraft in sightInstructed to follow Maintain own separation from that aircraft.Application of Separation Standard in Ahmedabad TMA and PBN 2412/26/2015

Radar Separation12/26/2015Application of Separation Standard in Ahmedabad TMA and PBN 25

Climb and descend on reciprocal track as per ATMC 04/2011

Reduction in Separation Minima in theVicinity of aerodromesAdequate separation by the aerodrome controller(each aircraft is continuously visible to controller)Each aircraft is continuously visible to flight crews of the other aircraft concernedPilots thereof report that they can maintain their own separation; orOne aircraft following another, succeeding aircraft reports that the other aircraft is in sight and separation can be maintained.12/26/201526Application of Separation Standard in Ahmedabad TMA and PBN

Performance Based Navigation

Application of Separation Standard in Ahmedabad TMA and PBN PBN concept specifies that aircraft RNAV system performance in terms of theAccuracyIntegrity AvailabilityContinuity Functionality

28RNP revised towards PBNAreaNavigation

RNPOtherRNAV

PBNRNAV xRNP x

Other RNAVPBN is anchored in detailed navigation specifications, which contain performance and functionality requirements.on-boardperformance monitoring+ alerting

No on-boardperformance monitoring+ alerting


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ABCDEFRNAV ROUTES

RNAV: Area Navigation

Shorter Routes .More Routes Possible ...Key Word : RNAV : Method of Navigation12/26/201530Application of Separation Standard in Ahmedabad TMA and PBN

ICAO FPP 2010.6.21--2010.7.16fdsagsdfgsdgsdgasdfsadf302015-12-2630

31Moving To Performance-Based NavigationWaypoints RNAV Increased AirspaceEfficiency

OptimizedUse of Airspace

curvedpathsSeamlessVerticalPath

Narrow TERPS

RNP

Limited Design FlexibilityConventional Routes

Current GroundNAVAIDs


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EN-ROUTETERMINALAPPROACHAIRWAYSRNAV 10, 5, 2, 1SID/STARRNP 1, RNAV 2, 1PANPACAT I

CAT IICAT III

APVBaro VNAVAPVI

APVII

RNAV Operations

No procedure design criteria

SBAS mandate

GBAS mandate 12/26/2015Application of Separation Standard in Ahmedabad TMA and PBN

ICAO FPP 2010.6.21--2010.7.16fdsagsdfgsdgsdgasdfsadf322015-12-2632

Thank You for your patience 33Application of Separation Standard in Ahmedabad TMA and PBN 12/26/2015

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