separation techniques and enterance to chromatography
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Separation Techniques and Enterance to Chromatography
Prepared by :ABDULHAMID MOHAMEDStudent no: 1302d901YILDIZ TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
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Methods of Separating Components ofMixtures
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Separation Techniques
• The separation of mixtures maybe done to enhance thepurity of substances
• Accomplished using different characteristic properties, such as density, boiling point, melting point, solubility, etc
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Some Types ofSeparation Techniques
– filtration– mechanical separation– floatation– centrifugation– simple distillation– fractional distillation– crystallization– chromatography
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Filtration
• Technique used to separate mixtures of an insoluble solid and a liquid.
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Examples of Mixtures YouCanSeparate Using Filtration
• Sand and water• Broken glass and water
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Mechanical Separation
• Physical separation methods that involve the use of tools such asforceps and sieves, to separate the components of a mixture.
• Ex. Gravel and sand
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Flotation
Separation method in which some solids of a suspension mixture are allowed to settle and the less dense material is poured off.
Ex. Panning of gold
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Centrifugation
• Speeds up the separation of a solid from a liquid through the centripetal force developed during the rotation of the centrifuge.
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Distillation
• This is the separation technique where two miscible liquids (liquids that mix together) are separated.
• It is made possible due to the factthateach liquid has its unique boiling point.
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Types of Distillation
• Simple distillation• Fractional distillation
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Simple Distillation
• This is atechnique used toseparate a mixture
of a soluble substance and a solvent.
• E.g salt and water
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Fractional distillation
• This is the technique used to separate a mixture of two miscible liquids with different boiling points.
• E.g. water and ethanol• The boiling point for water is 100
while for ethanol it is 78.
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Fractional Distillation Demonstration
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Fractional Crystallization
• Crystallization is the process inwhich crystals are formed.
• Fractional crystallization is done by lowering of temperature of a mixture or solution so that the more insoluble component crystallizes out first. (Uses solubility to separate substances)
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Chromatography
• Is the separation technique used to separate soluble substances using a media and a solvent.
• It is mostly applied in identifyingmixtures that are colored or pigments.
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Some Types of Chromatography
• Radial chromatography• Ascending chromatography
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Radial Chromatography
• In this type of chromatography, as the pigment separates, the different colors move outwards.
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Radial Chromatogram
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Ascending Chromatography
• The solvent moves upwards on theseparatingmedia