separatists vs. puritans puritanism calvinism institutes of the christian religion predestination....
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Separatists
Separatists
vs. vs.
PuritansPuritans
PuritanismPuritanismCalvinism Institutes of the Christian Religion
Predestination.
•Good works could not save those predestined for hell.
•No one could be certain of their spiritual status.
•Gnawing doubts led to constantly seeking signs of “conversion.”
Puritans:
Want to totally reform [purify] the Church of England.
Grew impatient with the slow process of Protestant Reformation back in England.
Puritans Chase Away Father Christmas [1652]
Puritans Chase Away Father Christmas [1652]
Separatist Beliefs:Separatist Beliefs:
Puritans who believed only “visible Puritans who believed only “visible saints” [those who could saints” [those who could demonstrate in front of their fellow demonstrate in front of their fellow Puritans their elect status] should be Puritans their elect status] should be admitted to church membership.admitted to church membership.
Because the Church of England Because the Church of England enrolled all the king’s subjects, enrolled all the king’s subjects, Separatists felt they had to share Separatists felt they had to share churches with the “damned.”churches with the “damned.”
Therefore, they believed in a total Therefore, they believed in a total break from the Church of England.break from the Church of England.
SeparatistsSeparatists
Sources of Puritan Migration
Sources of Puritan Migration
1620 1620 a group of 102 a group of 102 people [half Separatists] people [half Separatists]
Negotiated with theNegotiated with the____________________________________________________________________________
Non-Separatists Non-Separatists included Captain Myles included Captain Myles Standish.Standish.
Plymouth Bay way Plymouth Bay way outside the domain of the Virginia outside the domain of the Virginia Company.Company.
Became ____________________________Became ________________________________________________________________________________________________
The MayflowerThe Mayflower
The Mayflower Compact
November 11, 1620
The Mayflower Compact
November 11, 1620
The Mayflower Compact
November 11, 1620
The Mayflower Compact
November 11, 1620Written and signed before the Pilgrims disembarked from the ship.
Not a constitution, but __________
________________________________________________________
Signed by 41 adult males.
Led to adult male settlers meeting in assemblies to make laws in town meetings.
Covenant TheologyCovenant Theology
“Covenant of Grace”: between Puritan communities
and God.
“Social Covenant”: Between members of Puritan
communities with each other.
Required mutual watchfulness.
No ________________________
____________________________
No privacy.
New England Primer[1689]
New England Primer[1689]
Plymouth PlantationPlymouth Plantation
That First Year….That First Year….Winter of 1620-1621
Only 44 out of the original 102 survived.
None chose to leave in 1621 when the Mayflower sailed back.
Fall of 1621 First “Thanksgiving.”
Colony survived with ______________________________________________.
Plymouth stayed small and economically unimportant.
1691 only 7,000 people
Merged with _____________________.
William BradfordWilliam Bradford
Self-taught scholar.
Chosen _________
_________________
_________________.
Worried about ______________________________ springing up nearby and corrupting Puritan society.
Colonizing New England
Colonizing New England
First Seal of MA BayFirst Seal of MA Bay
The MA Bay ColonyThe MA Bay Colony1629 non-Separatists got a royal charter to form the MA Bay Co.
Wanted to __________________________
_____________________________________.
They didn’t want to leave the Church, just
___________________
1630 1,000 people set off in 11 well-stocked ships
Established a colony with Boston as its hub.
“Great Migration” of the 1630s
Turmoil in England [leading to the English Civil War] sent about 70,000 Puritans to America.
Not all ___________________________.
John WinthropJohn Winthrop
..we shall be as a ..we shall be as a City on a hill.The eyes City on a hill.The eyes of all people are upon of all people are upon
us.us.
Well-off attorney and manor lord in England.
A Modell of Christian Charity.
Became 1st governor of Massachusetts.
Believed that _____________________________.
Served as governor or deputy-governor for 19 years.
Land Division inSudbury, MA: 1639-
1656
Land Division inSudbury, MA: 1639-
1656
Characteristics of New England Settlements
Characteristics of New England Settlements
Low mortality Low mortality average life average life expectancy was 70 years of expectancy was 70 years of age.age.
Many extended families.Many extended families.
Average 6 children per family.Average 6 children per family.
Average age at marriage:Average age at marriage: Women – 22 years oldWomen – 22 years old
Men – 27 years old.Men – 27 years old.
PatriarchyPatriarchy
Authoritarian male father figures controlled each household.
Patriarchal ministers and magistrates controlled church congregations and household patriarchs.
Puritan “Rebels”Puritan “Rebels”Young, popular minister in Young, popular minister in Salem.Salem.
Argued for ____________Argued for _________________________________._____________________.
Condemned MA Bay Condemned MA Bay Charter.Charter.
• Did not give fair Did not give fair compensation to Indians.compensation to Indians.
Denied authority of ______Denied authority of _____________________________________________________________________._____________________.
1635 1635 found guilty of preaching found guilty of preaching new & new & dangerous opinionsdangerous opinions and was exiled. and was exiled.
Roger Roger WilliamsWilliams
The Bloody Tenant of Persecution… by Roger
Williams [1644]
The Bloody Tenant of Persecution… by Roger
Williams [1644]
1636 1636 Roger Williams fled there. Roger Williams fled there.
MA Bay Puritans had wanted to exile him MA Bay Puritans had wanted to exile him to England to prevent him from founding a to England to prevent him from founding a competing colony.competing colony.
Remarkable political freedom in Remarkable political freedom in Providence, RIProvidence, RI
• Universal ___________________________Universal ______________________________________________________________.___________________________________.
• Opposed to __________________________Opposed to _____________________________________________________________.___________________________________.
RI becomes known as the “Sewer” RI becomes known as the “Sewer” because it is seen by the Puritans as a because it is seen by the Puritans as a dumping ground for unbelievers and dumping ground for unbelievers and religious dissenters religious dissenters More liberal than More liberal than any other colony!any other colony!
Rhode IslandRhode Island
Intelligent, strong-willed,Intelligent, strong-willed,well-spoken woman.well-spoken woman.
Threatened patriarchal Threatened patriarchal control.control.
AntinomialismAntinomialism [direct [direct revelation]revelation]
Means “against the law.”Means “against the law.”
Carried to logical extremes Carried to logical extremes Puritan doctrine of Puritan doctrine of predestination.predestination.
Holy life was no sure sign of salvation.Holy life was no sure sign of salvation.
Truly saved didn’t need to obey the law of Truly saved didn’t need to obey the law of either God or man.either God or man.
Puritan “Rebels”Puritan “Rebels”
AnneAnneHutchinsonHutchinson
1638 1638 she confounded the Puritan she confounded the Puritan leaders for days.leaders for days.
Eventually bragged that she ___________Eventually bragged that she ___________________________________________.________________________________.
Direct revelation was even more serious Direct revelation was even more serious than the heresy of antinomianism. than the heresy of antinomianism. WHY??WHY??
Puritan leaders _____________________Puritan leaders _____________________________________________________.________________________________.
She and all but one member of her family She and all but one member of her family were killed in an Indian attack in were killed in an Indian attack in Westchester County.Westchester County.
John Winthrop saw God’s hand in this!John Winthrop saw God’s hand in this!
Anne Hutchinson’s Trial
Anne Hutchinson’s Trial
New England Spreads Out
New England Spreads Out
New England Colonies, 1650
New England Colonies, 1650
Indians especially weak in New England Indians especially weak in New England epidemics wiped out ¾ of the native epidemics wiped out ¾ of the native pop.pop.
Wampanoags [near Plymouth] Wampanoags [near Plymouth] befriended the settlers.befriended the settlers.
Cooperation between the two Cooperation between the two helped by helped by SquantoSquanto..
1621 1621 ___________________ ____________________________________________._________________________.
Autumn, 1621 Autumn, 1621 both groups both groups celebrated the First Thanksgiving.celebrated the First Thanksgiving.
Puritans vs. Native Americans
Puritans vs. Native Americans
The First Thanksgiving?
The First Thanksgiving?
In 1863, President Lincoln proclaimed In 1863, President Lincoln proclaimed Thanksgiving an official US holiday.Thanksgiving an official US holiday.
The Pequot Wars: 1636-1637
The Pequot Wars: 1636-1637Pequots Pequots very very
powerful tribepowerful tribein CT river valley.in CT river valley.
1637 1637 Pequot PequotWarWar
Whites, withWhites, withNarragansettNarragansettIndian allies,Indian allies,attacked Pequotattacked Pequotvillage on Mystic village on Mystic River.River.
Whites set fire Whites set fire to homes & shot fleeing survivors!to homes & shot fleeing survivors!
Pequot tribe ___________________________Pequot tribe ________________________________________________________________._____________________________________.
A Pequot VillageDestroyed, 1637A Pequot VillageDestroyed, 1637
Only hope for Native Only hope for Native Americans to resist Americans to resist white settlers was to white settlers was to UNITE.UNITE.
MetacomMetacom [King Philip to [King Philip to white settlers]white settlers]
Massasoit’s son ___________Massasoit’s son _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________.________________________.
Frontier settlements forced to retreat to Frontier settlements forced to retreat to Boston.Boston.
King Philip’s War (1675-1676}King Philip’s War (1675-1676}
The war ended in failure for the IndiansThe war ended in failure for the Indians
Metacom beheaded and drawn and Metacom beheaded and drawn and quartered.quartered.
His _______________________________.His _______________________________.
Never a serious threat in New England Never a serious threat in New England again!!again!!
King Philip’s War (1675-1676}King Philip’s War (1675-1676}
Population of the New England Colonies
Population of the New England Colonies
Population Comparisons:New England v. the
Chesapeake
Population Comparisons:New England v. the
Chesapeake