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Mexico

Matching

Match each item with the correct statement below.a. Mexico City f. mariachib. vaqueros g. tortillac. Monterrey h. federal republicd. Ring of Fire i. Octavio Paze. José Clemente Orozco j. El Popo

____ 1. volcano that erupted in 2000____ 2. cowhands who developed herding and branding techniques____ 3. one of the largest urban areas in the world____ 4. active volcanic zone that Mexico borders____ 5. modern writer who describes daily life in Mexico____ 6. major steel-producing city____ 7. thin, flat bread____ 8. Mexico’s form of government____ 9. famous Mexican mural painter____ 10. band that plays traditional Mexican music

Match each item with the correct statement below.a. tierra caliente f. plazab. service industry g. tierra fríac. tierra templada h. Sierra Madred. Plateau of Mexico i. Gulf of Mexicoe. Yucatán j. Tropic of Cancer

____ 11. latitude that cuts across the center of Mexico____ 12. “cold land”____ 13. large, flat center in Mexico’s landmass____ 14. body of water that borders Mexico on the east____ 15. peninsula that juts into the Gulf of Mexico____ 16. public square____ 17. “temperate land”____ 18. “hot land”____ 19. mountain ranges in Mexico____ 20. business that provides a service to people

Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 21. Culturally, Mexico is part of ____.a. North America c. Asia

b. Latin America d. Australia____ 22. Fierce tropical storms with high winds and heavy rains are called ____.

a. hurricanes c. tierra fríab. cold zones d. the Tropic of Cancer

____ 23. Mexico’s mountain ranges create three ____.a. latitude zones c. economic regionsb. altitude zones d. population groups

____ 24. Large farms that raise a single crop for money are known as ____.a. colonies c. plantationsb. haciendas d. mestizos

____ 25. The climate zone found at the top of Mexico’s mountains is the ____.a. tierra caliente c. tierra fríab. tierra templada d. Sierra Madre Occidental

____ 26. Tenochtitlán was built by the ____.a. Maya c. mestizosb. Spanish d. Aztec

____ 27. From which country did Mexico gain its independence?a. England c. Franceb. Portugal d. Spain

____ 28. Who led an army of peasants in 1810?a. Miguel Hidalgo c. Francisco Villab. Emiliano Zapata d. Santa Anna

____ 29. What is the religion of most Mexicans today?a. Islam c. Protestantismb. Judaism d. Roman Catholicism

____ 30. The altitude zone in Mexico’s coastal lowlands is the ____.a. tierra fría c. tierra templadab. tierra caliente d. high altitude

____ 31. According to the diagram, which altitude zone ranges from 2,500 to 6,500 feet?a. tierra caliente c. tierra fríab. tierra templada d. sea level

____ 32. In which altitude zone is Mexico City located?a. sea level c. tierra templadab. tierra caliente d. tierra friá

____ 33. Which altitude zone means the “temperate land”?a. Sierra Madre c. tierra templadab. tierra caliente d. tierra friá

____ 34. What is the altitude range for the zone that means “hot land”?a. 0 to 2,500 feet c. 6,500 feet and aboveb. 2,500 to 6,500 feet d. 760 to 2,000 meters

____ 35. Based on this diagram, which of the following sentences best describes Mexico?a. Low-lying plains cover most of the country.b. Much of the central part of Mexico lies at high altitudes.c. The Sierra Madre are located next to the coasts.d. People who live in Mexico City experience a year-round hot climate.

____ 36. The Maya prospered in the rain forests of _____.a. North America c. the Southern Hemisphereb. Tenochtitlán d. the Yucatán Peninsula

____ 37. Which body of water did NOT border the Mayan Empire?

a. Pacific Ocean c. Gulf of Mexicob. Bay of Campeche d. Caribbean Sea

____ 38. What was the capital of the Aztec Empire?a. Mexico City c. Yucatánb. Tenochtitlán d. Chichén Itzá

____ 39. Near which line of latitude was the Aztec capital city located?a. 100°W c. 20°Nb. 90°W d. 30°N

____ 40. What does the letter “F” signify on the map?a. Texas c. Sierra Madre Occidentalb. Rio Grande d. Tropic of Cancer

____ 41. Which letter is located in the Gulf of Mexico?a. A c. Cb. B d. H

____ 42. The letter _____ shows the location of the Yucatán Peninsula.a. A c. Hb. I d. J

____ 43. What does the letter “J” signify on the map?a. Yucatán Peninsula c. Baja Californiab. Acapulco d. Sierra Madre Peninsula

____ 44. The letter “E” on the map is pointing to _____.a. Mexico City c. Acapulcob. Guadalajara d. Monterrey

____ 45. For what is the land around Mexico City used?a. ranching c. commercial farmingb. subsistence farming d. little or no activity

____ 46. According to the map, where is most of Mexico’s petroleum produced?a. in Baja California c. along the eastern coastb. along the western coast d. in the Plateau of Mexico

____ 47. Where does subsistence farming occur in Mexico?a. in the southern forested areas c. near Chihuahuab. along the United States border d. along the northwestern coast

____ 48. Which manufacturing center is located on the Gulf of Mexico and also surrounded by land used for ranching?a. Veracruz c. Ciudad Juárezb. Tampico d. Mexicali

____ 49. Which mountain range is located on the eastern side of Mexico?a. Popocatépetl c. Sierra Madre Occidentalb. Sierra Madre Del Sur d. Sierra Madre Oriental

____ 50. Of what larger body of water is the Gulf of Tehuantepec a part?a. Gulf of Mexico c. Pacific Oceanb. Bay of Campeche d. Lake Chapala

____ 51. What body of water flows into the Gulf of Mexico?a. Rio Grande c. Lake Chapalab. Gulf of California d. Gulf of Tehuantepec

____ 52. According to the map, where are the lowest elevations of Mexico?a. in the Sierra Madre Occidental c. along the upper Rio Grandeb. surrounding Mexico City d. along both coasts of Mexico

____ 53. Which of the following would be the best alternative title for this map?a. Landlocked Mexico c. Mexico: Land of Endless Plainsb. Mountainous Mexico d. Mexico: Our Northern Neighbor

____ 54. Which of the following terms would you most likely find on a breakfast menu?a. pimienta cayena c. huevosb. frijoles d. pollo

____ 55. What is the Mexico word for “beans”?a. huevos c. pimienta cayenab. carne d. frijoles

____ 56. If you wanted to order steak while visiting Mexico, what should you ask for?a. carne c. huevosb. pollo d. mango

“The Aztec civilization was organized into classes. At the top was the emperor. His

power came from his control of the army and the religious beliefs of the people. Next came the nobles, followed by commoners. Commoners included priests, merchants, and artists. Below commoners were the serfs, or workers who farmed the nobles’ fields. Slaves, the lowest class, included criminals and people in debt, as well as female and child prisoners of war. Male prisoners of war were sacrificed to the Aztec gods.”

____ 57. Who made up the top class of Aztec society?a. serfs c. noblesb. priests d. emperor

____ 58. Of the following, who was NOT part of the commoner class?a. priests c. noblesb. merchants d. artists

____ 59. Which of the following is an opinion about the information given in the paragraph?a. The Aztec civilization was organized into classes.b. Males prisoners of war were sacrificed to the Aztec gods.c. The Aztec should not have sacrificed people to the gods.d. Slaves included children.

____ 60. What was the role of male prisoners of war?a. They farmed the nobles’ fields.b. They were sacrificed to the Aztec gods.c. They were forced to help merchants in the local markets.d. They became slaves of the Aztec emperor.

____ 61. Which of the following is a true statement about Aztec society?a. Artists were in the same class as priests.b. The Aztec were a peaceful people.c. The Aztec had no criminals.d. The Aztec worshiped one god.

“Tijuana’s character changes from street to street. In one colonia, or neighborhood, people wash laundry in tubs. . . . Up another road you pass dozens of modest homes built of concrete block and metal. Across town in wealthy Colonia Chapultepec, magnificent homes are built like fortresses right to the edge of the sidewalk.”

National Geographic

____ 62. Which city is described in the quote above?a. Chapultepec c. Tijuana

b. Colonia d. Mexico City

____ 63. Which of the following statements about the quote is true?a. Tijuana has only poor people.b. Tijuana’s population includes only a middle class.c. There are no wealthy people in Tijuana.d. Tijuana includes people from every social and economic class.

____ 64. What is Colonia Chapultepec?a. a rich neighborhood in Tijuana c. a fortress in Tijuanab. a rich suburb of Tijuana d. a slum area of Tijuana

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) reduced trade restrictions among Mexico, the United States, and Canada. After NAFTA was implemented, trade among the three countries grew by 10 to 15 percent annually. NAFTA has been controversial in the United States, however. American labor groups fear the loss of jobs to generally lower-paid Mexican workers. Still, large numbers of U.S. companies have not yet moved to Mexico because certain production costs, such as electricity, are higher there. From Mexico’s viewpoint, NAFTA has helped boost exports and created thousands of new jobs.

____ 65. What is NAFTA?a. a production agreement c. a labor group in Mexicob. a trade agreement d. a labor group in the United States

____ 66. Which country is NOT a part of NAFTA?a. Canada c. Mexicob. United States d. Panama

____ 67. NAFTA been controversial in the United States because _____.a. Mexico’s workers are highly paid c. trade has grown by 10 to 15 percentb. Mexico has strong labor unions d. of the fear that U.S. jobs will be lost

____ 68. Why have U.S. companies NOT moved to Mexico in large numbers?a. Certain production costs are higher there.b. Mexican workers demand too much pay.c. Too much trade is bad for the country.d. The companies would rather move to Canada.

Mexico is the world’s most populous Spanish-speaking country. Its population and its land area of 756,000 square miles give it a population density of 139 people per square mile. Although this figure makes Mexico seem relatively uncrowded, overall

density is only an average. In Mexico City and its suburbs, about 22 million people live within an area of 596 square miles. That makes the population density of Mexico City a staggering 36,913 people per square mile.

____ 69. What is the population density of Mexico?a. 756,000 people per square mile c. 596 people per square mileb. 139 people per square mile d. 36,913 people per square mile

____ 70. How many people live in Mexico City and its suburbs?a. about 756,000 c. 139 millionb. 36,913 d. about 22 million

____ 71. How many people live within each square mile of Mexico and its suburbs?a. 139 c. 36,913b. 596 d. 756,000

____ 72. What is the world’s most populous Spanish-speaking country?a. Spain c. Brazilb. Mexico d. Portugal

Mayan cities contained ball courts. Usually, a court was a rectangular space surrounded by walls with stone rings. The rings were about 27 feet above the ground. Players tried to drive an 8-pound, solid rubber ball through these rings without using their hands or feet. The exact rules of the game are unknown, but it was more than a sport. The ball court was a symbol of the world, and the ball represented the sun and the moon. Defeated players often were sacrificed in ceremonies held after the end of the game.

____ 73. Why was great skill required of the athletes who played the Mayan ball game?a. The players could not use their hands or feet.b. The stone rings were placed high above the ground.c. The rubber ball was heavy.d. All of the above.

____ 74. What sometimes happened to the losers in this game?a. They were made captives. c. They had to play again.b. They were made slaves. d. They were sacrificed.

____ 75. According to the quote, what did the ball court symbolize?a. the sun c. the worldb. the moon d. death

CompletionComplete each statement.

76. Mexico’s two main service industries are ____________________ and ____________________.

77.

The long peninsula shown in the graphic is ____________________.

78. As Mexico industrialized, it became less a country of ____________________.

79. Mexico City faces serious air pollution from a mixture of fog and chemicals called ____________________.

80. In the mid-1990s, Mexico, Canada, and the United States approved a trade agreement called ____________________.

81.

The symbols shown in the graphic are known as Mayan ____________________.

82. Mexico’s economy ranks among the top ____________________ in the world.

83. Native American artists decorated temples, palaces, and tombs with ____________________.

84. A Spanish army led by Hernán Cortés defeated the ____________________.

85. In southern Mexico, most people in many mountain villages make their living by ____________________.

Short Answer

86.To which region of Mexico would you visit to watch vaqueros at work? Use the map to explain your answer.

87.Mexican artist Diego Rivera painted this mural entitled “Mexico Through the Centuries.” How did this work support his belief that art belongs to the people?

“The Aztec civilization was organized into classes. At the top was the emperor. His power came from his control of the army and the religious beliefs of the people. Next came the nobles, followed by commoners. Commoners included priests, merchants, and artists. Below commoners were the serfs, or workers who farmed the nobles’ fields. Slaves, the lowest class, included criminals and people in debt, as well as female and child prisoners of war. Male prisoners of war were sacrificed to the Aztec gods.”

88.What conclusions about Aztec society can you draw after reading this paragraph?

“Tijuana’s character changes from street to street. In one colonia, or neighborhood, people wash laundry in tubs. . . . Up another road you pass dozens of modest homes built of concrete block and metal. Across town in wealthy Colonia Chapultepec, magnificent homes are built like fortresses right to the edge of the sidewalk.”

National Geographic

89.Many other cities in Mexico are like Tijuana. What generalization can you make about Mexican society based on the quote above?

The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) reduced trade restrictions among Mexico, the United States, and Canada. After NAFTA was implemented, trade among the three countries grew by 10 to 15 percent annually. NAFTA has been controversial in the United States, however. American labor groups fear the loss of jobs to generally lower-paid Mexican workers. Still, large numbers of U.S. companies have not yet moved to Mexico because certain production costs, such as electricity, are higher there. From Mexico’s viewpoint, NAFTA has helped boost exports and created thousands of new jobs.

90.Summarize why NAFTA has been positive for Mexico’s economy.

Essay

91.Why is central Mexico the country’s most important economic region?

92.Who were the Aztec? Describe their cities.

93.What problems does Mexico’s rapidly growing population cause?

94.What are Mexico’s cities like today?

MexicoAnswer Section

MATCHING

1. ANS: J PTS: 1 DIF: Average2. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy3. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average4. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average5. ANS: I PTS: 1 DIF: Average6. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average7. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Easy8. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: Average9. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Average

10. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

11. ANS: J PTS: 1 DIF: Average12. ANS: G PTS: 1 DIF: Average13. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average14. ANS: I PTS: 1 DIF: Easy15. ANS: E PTS: 1 DIF: Average16. ANS: F PTS: 1 DIF: Easy17. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average18. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average19. ANS: H PTS: 1 DIF: Average20. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy

MULTIPLE CHOICE

21. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy22. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Easy23. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average24. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Easy25. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: Average26. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average27. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy28. ANS: A PTS: 1 DIF: Average29. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Easy30. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average31. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Average

MSC: Document Based Question32. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: Average

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60. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: AverageMSC: Document Based Question







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70. ANS: D PTS: 1 DIF: EasyMSC: Document Based Question


72. ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: EasyMSC: Document Based Question



75. ANS: C PTS: 1 DIF: EasyMSC: Document Based Question

COMPLETION

76. ANS: banking, tourism

PTS: 1 DIF: AverageMSC: Document Based Question

77. ANS: Baja California


78. ANS: farms/villages

PTS: 1 DIF: EasyMSC: Document Based Question

79. ANS: smog


80. ANS: NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)


81. ANS: hieroglyphics


82. ANS: 15


83. ANS: murals


84. ANS: Aztec


85. ANS: subsistence farming


SHORT ANSWER

86. ANS:To see vaqueros at work, one would visit the northern region of Mexico, as well as Baja California. Vaqueros are Mexican cowhands. They work in the areas of Mexico in which the land is used for ranching. According to the map, ranching areas are located in Baja California and the northern part of the Plateau of Mexico.

PTS: 1 DIF: ChallengingMSC: Document Based Question

87. ANS:Rivera painted murals on the walls of large public buildings. Thus, everyone could see and enjoy the art. In addition, Rivera included not only great figures of history in his works. Most of his subjects were usually ordinary working people going about their daily activities with pride and determination.


88. ANS:Students’ answers may include the following: Aztec society had a rigid class structure. Religion played an important role in peoples’ lives. The Aztec worshiped more than one god. Warfare was common and necessary in order to find males to sacrifice to the gods. The civilization was highly developed in that it included merchants and artists.


89. ANS:Students’ answers may be similar to the following: There are distinct and separate social classes in Mexico. A very wealthy upper class keeps itself away from the poor. At the same time, a middle class is emerging.


90. ANS:NAFTA has increased trade among Canada, the United States, and Mexico. It has also helped boost Mexico’s exports and created thousands of new jobs in the country.


ESSAY

91. ANS:Central Mexico has more than half the country’s population. It has good soil and water for agriculture. It is Mexico’s industrial center, with Mexico City and Guadalajara the country’s largest industrial cities.

PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging92. ANS:

Around A.D. 1200, a people called the Mexica moved into central Mexico from the north. These people were later known as the Aztec. The Aztec conquered a large empire in central Mexico. They built a magnificent capital called Tenochtitlan. The capital was originally built on two islands in the middle of Lake Texcoco. Long dikes connected the island to the land. The city had huge stepped pyramids. Merchants traded gold, silver, and pottery in the city’s busy marketplaces. Farmers grew their crops in structures called “floating gardens,” or rafts filled with mud. These rafts eventually sank to the bottom of the lake and piled up, forming fertile islands.


Mexico’s population has increased rapidly in recent decades. Because many people have moved to the cities to find jobs, the cities have grown quickly. Many people have been forced to take jobs that pay low wages. As a result, thousands of people crowd together in poor sections of the cities. Those Mexicans who cannot find any work in their country may become migrant workers and travel from place to place when extra workers are needed to plant or harvest crops. They legally and sometimes illegally cross Mexico’s border to work in the United States. Though the pay is low, the migrant workers can earn more in the United States than in Mexico. The fast-growing cities resulting from the population boom have also contributed to rising pollution.


In the center of Mexico’s cities, you often find large plazas, or public squares. Around each city’s plaza stand important buildings such as a church and a government center. When you look at the buildings, you can see the architectural style of Spanish colonial times. Newer sections of the cities have a mix of towering glass office buildings and modern houses. In the poorer sections of town, people build small homes out of whatever materials they can find. This may include boards, sheet metal, or even cardboard.

PTS: 1 DIF: Challenging

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