ARAB NEWS Wednesday, May 13, 202016

Moments that changedthe Middle East

Jonathan Gornall, a writer for Arab News, was on leave from The Times in London for a transatlantic boat race when 9/11 happened; his son, a UK Royal Marine, later took part in the invasion of Iraq.

HOW WE WROTE IT

Aug. 2, 2001CIA’s daily presidential

briefing, headlined ‘Bin Laden determined to strike in US,’

warns of ‘suspicious activity in this country consistent with preparations for hijackings.’

Sept. 11, 2001American Airlines Flight 11

hits North Tower at 8:46 a.m.; United Airlines Flight 175 hits

South Tower at 9:03 a.m.; American Airlines Flight 77 hits

Pentagon at 9:37 a.m.; United Airlines Flight 93 crashes

near Stonycreek Township, Pennsylvania, at 10:03 a.m.

Sept. 25, 2001US Defense Secretary

Donald Rumsfeld announces Operation Enduring Freedom.

Sept. 26, 2001Saudi Arabia cuts diplomatic

ties with Afghanistan’s Taliban government.

Sept. 27, 2001FBI identifies all 19 hijackers: 15 Saudis, two Emiratis, one Lebanese and their leader,

Mohammed Atta, from Egypt.

Oct. 7, 2001America attacks Afghanistan

to overthrow Taliban and dislodge Al-Qaeda.

Dec. 7, 2001Taliban insurgency

begins in Afghanistan.

March 19, 2003US-led coalition invades Iraq.

Oct. 29, 2004Bin Laden admits

responsibility for attacks.

May 2, 2011US Navy SEALs kill Bin Laden in his hideout in Abbottabad, Pakistan.

 

Sept. 11, 20119/11 memorial completed

at site of Twin Towers. 

 

Feb. 29, 2020After 18 years of war, US

and Taliban sign tentative peace agreement.

The enormity of the events that unfolded in New York on that late-summer Tuesday in 2001 can be measured by the fact that few of the millions who witnessed the horror unfolding live on news broadcasts around the world will ever forget where they were that day. 

I was in the small port of Playa San Juan on the Spanish island of Tenerife, making last-minute adjustments to the 7.5-meter boat in which I was about to set out in a rowing race across the Atlantic to the Caribbean island of Barbados.

It was a beautiful day, with the sunlight shimmering on the surface of the gently undulating ocean. Ignorant of the events unfolding at that very moment 5,000 km away across the Atlantic, I was idling along the picturesque waterfront, heading back to my rented apartment from the small fishing harbor where the race fleet had been assembled, when a shout from one of the other rowers cut into my thoughts.

He was standing on the other side of the road, in the doorway of a small restaurant that had become our unofficial race headquar-ters. He called me across and I went inside, blinking as my eyes adjusted to the sudden darkness. The bar was unusually busy for the time of day, but no one was sitting at the tables. Instead, they were stood and grouped in a semi-circle, staring up in near-silence at the TV suspended above the bar. 

It took a few moments to make sense of what I was seeing. There

SEPT. 11, 2001

The 9/11 attacks by Al-QaedaJONATHAN GORNALL LONDON

Horror unfolded live on TV, leading to the ‘war on terror’ that defined our era

KeyDates

on the screen were the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center, the establishing shot familiar to anyone who had ever seen a movie set in New York. Unfamiliar was the sight of smoke billowing out of both towers. The image was difficult to comprehend. Could both buildings possibly have caught fire at the same time?

Then came the replay of United Airlines Flight 175 flying into the second, South Tower, slicing through the structure as though it were made of paper and disinte-grating in a ball of orange flame, instantly destroying all hope that New York was in the grip of some kind of terrible but accidental calamity. 

Over the next few hours and days in Playa San Juan, there was much discussion about whether it would be appropriate for the race, which all of us recognized to be an essen-tially frivolous exercise, to go ahead in the shadow of the disaster.

Some of the rowers, including my teammate, argued for it to be scrapped. In the end, the race went ahead, but my teammate’s heart was not in it, and after a week at sea, he dropped out and boarded one of the two yachts shadowing the fleet as rescue boats. Others, including me, subscribed to the “if we change our way of life the terrorists will have won” argument, although to be honest my motive for pressing on was far more personal and selfish.

I had trained insanely hard, and had taken a leave of absence from my job as a journalist at The Times in London, to take part in this race, in a boat I had spent the best part of a year building myself. Not going ahead was unthinkable.

In the end, most of us looked for

moral guidance to the two Ameri-cans crewing the only US boat in the race, and they had no inten-tion of backing out. In the days after the attacks, the US govern-ment told its citizens abroad to keep a low profile, advice to which one of the oarsmen, a native New Yorker, responded by going nowhere without the Stars and Stripes wrapped proudly around his shoulders.

In the end, the race started as planned on Oct. 7, 2001. That same day, seemingly striking out in a blind rage, America attacked Afghanistan. The 9/11 attacks, it had concluded, had been carried out by members of Al-Qaeda, a terror organization being sheltered by the Taliban, which had been in control of much of

Afghanistan since 1996.Alone at sea, my mind was filled

with the horrors that had unfolded, from the sight of trapped occupants of the Twin Towers, unable to face the fury of the flames, jumping to their deaths, to thoughts of the dreadful last minutes of the passengers on United Airlines Flight 93, struggling desperately to overcome the hijackers before their aircraft was flown into the ground near Stonycreek Township, Pennsylvania.

Night after night, I lay flat out on the deck of the boat, exhausted after a day at the oars, gazing up at the astonishing panoply of stars and wondering which of the aircraft I could see tracking west to east across the heavens was bearing America’s instruments of revenge.

When atmospherics allowed, I tuned into the Voice of America on the shortwave radio, and listened as the US launched its “war on terror” and the world

slipped steadily toward a disaster that ultimately would cost far more lives than the approximately 3,000 lost on 9/11.

Having ousted the Taliban government, whose authority had been recognized by a

number of countries, the US and its replacement Afghan Interim Administration found themselves facing the Taliban reborn as an insurgency. America had embarked on the longest war in its history which, almost two decades later, continues despite ongoing peace talks.

As for Osama bin Laden, the man who masterminded the attacks, he narrowly escaped US ground troops in Afghanistan in December 2001, and remained at large for almost another decade before

American special forces found and killed him in his hideout in Abbot-tabad, Pakistan, in May 2011.

In the meantime, as part of the “war on terror” announced by President George W. Bush in September 2001, a coalition of US-led forces invaded Iraq in March 2003, on the pretext that dictator Saddam Hussein possessed weapons of mass destruction.

He did not. But the fallout from 9/11 settled over Iraq and the wider region like a black cloud of ash, smothering its economy, costing thousands more lives and, arguably, unleashing the Al-Qaeda-allied Daesh and its ruinous bid to establish an extremist “caliphate” across vast tracts of the Middle East.

It was only after my feet finally touched dry land again that I realized just how much the events of 9/11 had altered the world and, crucially, the dynamic between West and East. To my surprise — not to say dismay — my only son had joined the UK’s Royal Marines, and in early 2003 left for Kuwait prior to the invasion of Iraq. 

That spring, I spent many weeks huddled once again around a TV set, keeping my phone close and hoping not to receive the news that would devastate so many families, West and East, that year and for many more to come. Merci-fully, my son survived. Not all of his companions did. After 9/11, nobody’s world would ever be quite the same again.

SUMMARYAt 8:46 a.m. on Sept. 11, 2001, an American Airlines Boeing 767 flew into the North Tower of the World Trade Center in New York. As images of the stricken building claimed the attention of TV news channels around the globe, it seemed possible that the tower, an iconic symbol of America, had been the victim of a tragic accident.

But 17 minutes later, when another Boeing 767 struck the South Tower as the world looked on, it became shockingly clear that the US was under attack. The tower collapsed at 9:59 a.m.,

followed 29 minutes later by the North Tower. Two more aircraft had been hijacked. One was flown into the Pentagon; the other crashed in a Pennsylvania field after passengers fought back and foiled the hijackers’ plan to attack Washington.

The attacks left 2,996 dead, including the 19 Al-Qaeda terrorists responsible, but the true cost is still being counted today. In under a month, the US had invaded Afghanistan, embarking on the longest war in its history, and in March 2003 a US-led coalition invaded Iraq.

Saudi Arabia yesterday denounced the ‘regrettable and inhuman’ attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in the US, and reiterated its commitment to fight all forms of terrorism.From a story on Arab News’ front page, Sept. 12, 2001

TOMORROWThe Makkah school fire

For more events in our ‘45 moments that changed the

Middle East’ celebrating Arab News’ 45th anniversary, go to

www.arabnews.com

United Airlines Flight 175 crashes into the South Tower of the World Trade Center on Sept. 11, 2001. Getty Images/AFP