sept 18, 2003naval oceanographic office tablet pc’s in classroom and distance education richard...
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
Tablet PC’s in Classroom and Distance Education
Richard AndersonDepartment of Computer Science
and EngineeringUniversity of Washington
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
Educational Technology
…in the winter of 1813 & '14 … I attended a mathematical school kept in Boston…On entering his room, we were struck at the appearance of an ample Black Board suspended on the wall, with lumps of chalk on a ledge below, and cloths hanging at either side. I had never heard of such a thing before. [Samuel J. May, 1855]
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
UW Educational Technology and CS Education Projects
Professional Masters’ Program Tutored Video Instruction Program Microsoft Research Distributed
Classroom Project ConferenceXP
Classroom Presenter
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
ConferenceXP
Internet based distributed classroom
UW Professional Masters Program Classes between UW and Microsoft
since 1997 Used ConferenceXP Spring 2002 and
Spring 2003
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
Spring 2002 Experience
Microsoft Faculty Summit Talk
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
Spring 2002 Exprience
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
What we hoped to achieve Increased interaction between sites Ability of remote students to interact
with the instructor Ability of instructor to engage remote
students Student interaction across sites No degradation of experience of local
students No System Administrator
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
What we hoped to achieve Increased interaction between sites Ability of remote students to interact
with the instructor Ability of instructor to engage remote
students Student interaction across sites No degradation of experience of local
students No System Administrator
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
What went wrong
Technology and systems failures High cost of interruptions Loss of trust Room configuration issues Lack of control of lecture room Production quality
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
Spring 2003 Experience
Microsoft Faculty Summit Talk
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
In 2003… Applied resources to the problem
Improved classroom equipment (>$75k) Better Audio & Video Equipment Better room logistics (lighting, layout) Direct control over both classrooms
More people at University of Washington Improved software
Classroom Presenter with Tablet PCs Updated to ConferenceXP RP 2.3
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
Classroom Presenter
Initial problem Develop a distributed presentation
space for use in a distance learning class
Later Many of the same issues / challenges
in large lecture classroom
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
Background studies Studied UW CSE PMP
Interviews, Surveys, Observations Greatest pain in distance course
Presentation environment “PowerPoint is a pain for the same reason
it’s a pain in a non-distance course, the slides impose a rigid structure on the lecture and make it more difficult to adjust to the interactions that occur during it.”
“PowerPoint sucks the life out of a class.”
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
Important features
Wireless Integration of High Quality Ink and
Slides Multiple views “Performance UI”
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
Large lecture classes
Challenges Maintaining attention Communication Feedback from students Flexibility in presentation materials Conducting activities in class
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
Classroom Deployments
Since summer 2002, it has been used in about 25 CSE courses
Intro programming courses to masters’ courses
Used at UVa and University of San Diego starting spring 2003.
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
Results Observation, instructor comments,
some system logging Positive reception from instructors
Sustained use of writing through full term
Wide range of use Highlighting / Attention Derivations Recording comments Diagrams
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
Positive reception from instructors and students Positive comments and repeat use by
instructors Student surveys
Student comparison vs. PowerPoint
less no change more
Attention to lecture 4% 39% 57%
Understanding of lecture
2% 52% 46%
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
Instructor innovations and suggestions
Taking tablet to the audience Elaborate preparation of instructor
notes on second deck of slides Improved navigation (flyout from
thumbnails) Collective brainstorming
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
Inking Study In progress
Careful study of recorded lectures to look at instructors use of ink
Comparison of the class taught with and without ink
Preliminary results A substantial amount of inking is ephemeral Simplicity of UI is critical Unexpected usage patterns
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
Classroom Feedback System
Student feedback does not scale Encourage participation Ease of expression If the method does scale, how does
the instructor make sense of it
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
Design choices Low attention requirements Embed in context of the slide
Slides are the mediating artifact Fixed feedback
Avoid having to compose questions Instructor control of feedback
Example, More Information, Got It Slow Down, Question, Explain, Cool Topic
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
Experiment Roughly 12 students given laptops
to use in class 2 week deployment in CSE 142
4 weeks no intervention 2 weeks Tablet PC 2 weeks Tablet PC + feedback system
Extensive observations, logging, surveys, interviews
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
Results Mixed results
Classroom culture not what we had expected
Instructor goals different than expected Interactions did increase
Pre CFS 2.4 (spoken) episodes per class
With CFS 2.6 (spoken) episodes per class 14.8 (feedback) episodes per class 5.0 (feedback – "Got it") episodes per class
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
Student inking support
Instructor broadcast slide Student inks slide and submits to
instructor Instructor selects slides for public
display Classroom Exercise Scenario
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
Trace the path of Hurricane Isabel
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
Five day forecast (9-15)
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
Goals of class exercises
Participation Discussion Active learning Student contribution and
involvement Interaction Spontaneity
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
Structured Interaction Presentations
Assume students have wireless devices
Build interactive activities into lecture
Computer support to overcome logistical barriers
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
Why Computer Support?
Facilitate execution Unify design Enforce polices
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
Why Structure?
Attain broader participation and more input
Achieve specific goals Spread cognitive effort over planning
time Mediate classroom activity Share activities across instructors and
across terms
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
Example: America Before Columbus [Cross and Angelo]
1. How many people lived in North America in 1491?
2. How many years had they been there by 1491?
3. What significant achievements had they made in that time?
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Your Impressions of America Before Columbus
1. About how many people lived in North America in 1491?
2. About how many years had they been on this continent by 1491?
3. What significant achievements had they made in that time?
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
1. About how many people lived in North America in 1491?
2. About how many years had they been on this continent by 1491?
3. What significant achievements had they made in that time?
Your Impressions of America Before Columbus
% completed
% completed
% completed
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
How many people?
From To400 2,500,000
0 10 100 1000 10,000 100,000 1,000,000 10,000,000
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
“Solving” Natural Language
Problem: handling free text responses in class is impractical
Solution: “distributed student computation” allows rapid, in-class turnaround can be pedagogically sound
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Significant AchievementsGet together with your neighbor and:
rate the significance of each achievement note if an achievement repeats an earlier one
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Significant AchievementsGet together with your neighbor and:
rate the significance of each achievement note if an achievement repeats an earlier one
Repeat of:
Repeat of:
Repeat of:
Insignificant Somewhat Significant Very Significant Crucial Didn't happen in NA before 1492
Repeat of:
Insignificant Somewhat Significant Very Significant Crucial Didn't happen in NA before 1492
Insignificant Somewhat Significant Very Significant Crucial Didn't happen in NA before 1492
Insignificant Somewhat Significant Very Significant Crucial Didn't happen in NA before 1492
Insignificant Somewhat Significant Very Significant Crucial Didn't happen in NA before 1492
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Significant achievements
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
Acknowledgements Microsoft Research
Jay Beavers, Chris Moffatt, Todd Needham, Randy Hinrichs
University of Washington Steve Wolfman, Tammy VanDeGrift, Ken
Yasuhara, Crystal Hoyer, Jonathan Su, Shengli Zhou, Ian Li
Other Universities Ruth Anderson (UVa), Beth Simon (USD)
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Sept 18, 2003 Naval Oceanographic Office
For more information
www.cs.washington.edu/education/dl/presenter