Recycle" Waste Hierarchycomprises the three elements,“Reduce”, “Reuse” and “Recy-cle” (also known as the Three‘R’s). With times the stress onwaste management has in-creased with others terms ofrecover, energy recovery in-cluded in the waste hierarchy.

Reduce means to reduce con-sumption and the amount ofwaste generated. This includesbuying and consuming less, assuch also throwing away less.

Reuse is simply the act ofusing an item again and againin its original form. Reusing

items eliminates the need toreprocess materials (whetherit is for disposal, or for recy-cling).

Recycling is processing usedmaterials (waste) into newproducts to prevent waste ofpotentially useful materials,reduce the consumption offresh raw materials, reduceenergy usage, reduce air pol-lution (from incineration) andwater pollution (from land fill-ing) by reducing the need for"conventional" waste disposal,and lower greenhouse gasemissions as compared to vir-gin production.

Waste is misplacedResource

Recycling Codes

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In order to meet recyclers'needs while providing manu-facturers a consistent, uniformsystem, a coding system isdeveloped. The recycling codefor plastics was introduced in1988 by plastics industrythrough the Society of thePlastics Industry, Inc. Because

municipal recycling programstraditionally have targetedpackaging – primarily bottlesand containers – the resin cod-ing system offered a means ofidentifying the resin content ofbottles and containers com-monly found in the residentialwaste stream.

Type 1 - PET, PETEThe acronym PETE(polyethylene terephthlate) orPET (poly ethyleneterephthalate) are often usedinterchangeably, to refer totype 1 plastic. PET or PETEplastics are often used in soft

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drink bottles, as well as foodand non-food containers,because of their good gas andmoisture barrier properties.Examples of the recyclingcodes for PET and PETE plasticare seen below.

PET and PETE plastic can berecycled into carpet yarns, fib-er fill, tote bags, food anddrink containers, luggage andclothing.

Type 2 Plastic – HDPEThe acronym HDPE (highdensity polyethylene) is oftenused to refer to type 2 plastic.HDPE plastic is often used tomake bottles for beverageswith short shelf life, such asmilk and juice. Because HDPEhas good chemical resistance,it is also often used forcontaining household andindustrial chemicals such asdetergents and bleach. HDPEis also used to manufacturegrocery and retain bags.

Examples of recycling codesfor HDPE plastic are seenbelow. The “PE-HD” symbol isoften used by plastic bagindustries.

HDPE plastic can be recycledinto bottles for holding house-hold chemicals such as deter-gent, shampoo, conditionerand even motor oil. RecycledHDPE plastic can also be madeinto pipes, buckets and bins,pens, flower pots, film andsheets, benches, and even doghouses.

Type 3 Plastic -- PVCThe acronym PVC (PolyvinylChloride or Vinyl) is used torefer to type 3 plastic. Thereare two types of PVC plastic.Rigid PVC are made intobottles and packaging sheet,as well as pipes and fittings,carpet backing and windows inthe construction market.Given its stable electricalproperties, flexible PVC areused in wire and cableinsulation. Given its excellentchemical resistance, flexible

PVC are also made into bloodbags and medical tubing.Examples of PVC plasticrecycling codes can be seenbelow.

Recycled PVC can be madeinto packaging, mud flaps, filmand sheet, floor tiles and mats,resilient flooring, trays, elec-trical boxes, cables, trafficcones, garden hose.

Type 4 Plastic - LDPEThe acronym LDPE (LowDensity Polyethylene) is usedto refer to type 4 plastic. Givenits toughness, flexibility andrelative transparency, LDPEplastic is often used in cableinsulation, flexible bottles, aswell as film applications. LDPEis also used extensively inmanufacturing breadbags,tote bags, dry cleaning bags,furniture, carpets, andsqueezable bottles.Examples of LDPE plasticrecycling codes can be seenbelow. The “PE-LD” recyclingcodes are often used by plasticbag manufacturers.

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Recycled LDPE plastic can bemade into garbage can liners,floor tile, film and sheet, bins,landscape timber and lumber.

Type 5 Plastic -PPThe acronym PP(Polypropylene) is used torefer to type 5 plastic. PPplastic is used extensively forpackaging purposes. Given itshigh melting point and goodchemical resistance, it is alsoused to contain hot-fill liquids,and molded in automotiveparts. Examples of PP plasticrecycling codes can be seenbelow.

Recycled PP plastic can bemade into brooms, rakes,brushes, signal lights, icescrapers, and trays.

Type 6 Plastic –PSThe acronym PS (Polystyrene)is used to refer to type 6

plastic. Given its clear andhard properties, PS plastic isoften used in protectivepackaging, such as CD coversor cases. PS plastic can also befoamed, to be made intoStyrofoam which are in turnmade into disposable platesand cups and take-awaycontainers, etc.Examples of PS plasticrecycling codes can be seenbelow.

Recycled PS can be used inmanufacturing rulers, licenseplate frames, foam packag-ing, foam utensils, plate andcups, vents, switch boards,and thermal insulation items.

Type 7 Plastic – OthersThis plastic recycling code in-dicates that the type of plasticin question is made of a resinother than the six listed above,or is made of more than oneresin listed above.I

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FACTS

Recycling 1 plastic bottlenot only saves anywherefrom 100 to 1000 years inthe landfill but also savesthe environment from the

emissions in producing newbottles as well as the oil

used to produce that bottle.

For every 1 ton of plasticthat is recycled we save the

equivalent of 2 people’senergy use for 1 year, theamount of water used by 1person in 2 month’s time

and almost 2000 pounds ofoil.

Today the most commonproducts in cities recyclingprograms are paper prod-ucts, cardboard, plastic,

glass and aluminum.

Approximately 60% of ourrubbish thrown away today

could be recycled.

Draft Rule of the MaharashtraFactories (Occupational Safe-ty and Health Audit) Rules,2011 has been notified on10th August 2011 with a viewto make provisions to ensuresafety, health and welfare ofthe workers employed in fac-tories.

Applicability� Category I Factories� Category II Factories� Category III Factories� Category IV Factories

Occupational Safety andHealth Audit Frequency� Internal Audit - Every

Year� External Audit - Every

Two yearIn case of any change inmanufacturing process likelyto affect OS&H in factory,external audit is to be carriedout within one month fromsuch changes.

FrameworkOS&H audit is to be carriedout as per IS 14489:1998 on

Occupational Safety andHealth Audit.

AuditorRecognised by Recognition-cum-Revocation Committeepossessing the qualification,experience and other require-ments as per Schedule-II.Four grades of OS&H auditorshas been defined in Rule fromGrade I to Grade IV.

Auditor can be an individualbut aqualifiedinstitutionshall haveat leastthree au-ditorspossess-ing thequalifica-tion, ex-perienceand otherrequire-ments.

Recognition granted is validfor two years.

Check certificates issued fromthe committee before award-ing the external audit con-tract.OS&H auditor can’t conductthe audit of organizationwhere he is employed or hav-ing direct or indirect interest.

Time LineInformation to occupier andDISH within 4 hours in caseof finding an immediate dan-

gers

OS&H auditor shallforward the OS&HAudit report to oc-cupier with in onemonth of comple-tion of an OS&H au-dit.

Occupier shall for-ward audit reportand action taken tooffice of DISH within one month of re-

ceipt of OS&H audit reportfrom the auditor.

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Draft - Maharashtra Factories (Occupational Safety and Health Au-dit) Rules, 2011

DISH will scrutinise the OS&Haudit and CAPA with in 30days of receipt and in case ofof it found unsatisfactory, itcan forward the discrepanciesto the occupier and the OS&Hauditor and shall direct forre-audit only with respect tothe discrepancies pointed outby the DISH.

Training InstituteTraining institute conductingtraining of OS&H auditors.shall be recognised from theTraining Institute ApprovalCommittee. Standards of theinstitute has been notified indetails in the rule 12 of theRule.

—------------------------------

SAFETY AUDITSafety audit is a statutoryrequirement under the Manu-facture, Storage and Importof Hazardous Chemical, Rules(MSIHC) 1989 for upper layerof major accident hazardunits. According to the provi-sions of the Rule-10 (4) ofManufacture Storage and Im-port of Hazardous Chemicals

Rules, 1989 it is mandatoryfor an occupier to conduct theSafety Audit of industrial ac-

tivity once in a year with thehelp on an expert not associ-ated with such industrial ac-tivity.

The objectives of the safetyaudit would be to review &critically assess the existingsafety programmes to pre-vent & control the hazardsin the plant with a viewto suggest improvement .The benefit of safety audit isto evaluate the quality & ef-fectiveness of the safety pro-gramme, rather than only

quantitative measures of itsfailure.

IS-14489-1998

As per IS-14489-1998 someof the relevant points ob-served during safety audit arebeing listed below:� Health and Safety Policy� Accident Reporting, In-

vestigation and Analysis� Safety Education and

Training� Work Permit System� Personal Protective

Equipment (PPE)� Emergency Prepared-

ness ( On-Site and Off-Site both)

� Compliance with statu-tory

� NewEquipments/Process re-view and inspectionsystem

� Prevention of Occupa-tional disease

� Safe operating proce-dure

� Fire prevention, protec-tion and fire fightingsystem

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SheelOffice -WebMost of the companies manage their Envi-ronment, Safety & Health data in Excelfiles. These data will be spanning acrossdifferent files with no inter-linking andsecurity. They are not easy to maintainand users may create different versions ofthe files for different purpose. Every timethe users have to track the actions ormake report, he has to open the file andrevise the format, filter etc. This is a timeconsuming job in which a lot of productivetime is lost.

Data can’t be shared within organizationand each sharing leaves room for discrep-ancies and error.

Is it same, if you decide to use SheelOffice- Web. Not at all !!!!!!!!!!!!!.

Using the SheelOffice - web will streamlinethe complete data management, analysisand reporting process with following ben-efits:� Data is shared as per authority

across the organization.� Data are at centralized location and

Everybody sees the same data andnot different.

� The analysis of data - sorting, filter-ing charting are easy and intuitive.

� Tabular reports can be sent by email- It only require a click.

� Data are active - Automatic notifica-tion on entry of new accidents andnearmiss.

� Automatic notification to assignee onnew assignment of CAPA, legislativerequirements.

How to send tabular report by Email

In this section we will take an case wheremanagement has asked you to send thethe list of accidents in last 3 months.

The process can be completed in followingsteps:� Go to ‘Safety’ Tab and open the

accidents list. (It shows all acci-dents).

� Filter the data based on accident date� Go to ‘Action’ button and open down-

load. It will show the following screen.

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Sept ‘ 2011

� Click Email and following screen willappear

� Enter the email address and subjectand click Send.

This will send the filtered report to theManagement. The data analysis is notlimited to filter but sorting, grouping andgroup calculations.

You may feel that is is easy (not so muchas in SheelOffice -Web) in the present

data management system you are using.Let’s take a typical example, next time you

are asked to send the totalaccidents by complex in last3 years. It will not be easyusing Excel data manage-ment and may require 2 to3 hours, But SheelOffice -Web, it is simple.

The process can be com-pleted in following steps:�Go to ‘Safety’ Tab andopen the accidents list. (Itshows all accidents).�Filter the data based onaccident date.�Group the data based on‘Complex’ Field.�Go to ‘Action’ button andopen download. (as done inprevious example)�Click Email (as done in pre-vious example).

� Enter the email address and subjectand click Send.

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Sept ‘ 2011

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