September 17th • 5 minutes to review for your quiz!• • NO WARM-UP!

• Write homework in agenda- Read pages 16-21, takes notes and process

• Please BRING ME YOUR QUIZ UPON COMPLETION!

Agenda

• Essential Questions• Map Activity• Vocabulary Activity• Egypt and Sumer Notes• Pyramids Video• Hammurabi’s Code

Essential Questions

1. What are the four river valley civilizations?

2. What form of writing was used in Egypt?

3. What was the main difference between the rulers of Egypt and Sumer?

4. What were two Sumerian inventions?5. Why did Egyptians practice

mummification and build pyramids?

Warm-Up

• On a sheet of paper list and explain the 5 major features of a civilization

• Please take out your homework for Miss Smith to check

River Valley Civilizations

Egypt and Sumer

Location/Geography

Sumer• between Tigris and Euphrates

Rivers• plain area called Mesopotamia• unpredictable floods• limited natural resources

Ancient Egypt• along great Nile

River• called “Gift of

the Nile”• cataracts =

rapids• delta: broad,

marshy triangular area

with deposits of soil

Religion

• polytheistic: many gods, about 3,000

• gods were all powerful

and immortal, humans were servants

• souls of dead went to “land of no return”

• kings were gods• pharaohs: god-

kings• polytheistic:

about 2,000• Ra = sun• Iris = ideal

mother/wife• Osiris = chose

afterlife

Writing• Epic of

Gilgamesh• epic myth about

unsuccessful quest for immortality

• crude pictographs• hieroglyphics

(sacred carvings)• wrote on dried

papyrus

Government/Law• city-states: each

city and the surrounding land it controlled

• ziggurats at the center, where priests appealed to gods for well-being

• warriors had control of armies

• dynasties: when rules were from one family

• divided into Upper and Lower Egypt

• Menes united in 3000 B.C.E.

• theocracy: ruler is a divine figure

• pharaohs promoted truth and justices

Science/Technology

• invented wheel, sail, and plow

• first to use bronze

• first system of writing:

cuneiform• arches, number

system base 60, geometry

• creation of pyramids from limestone/granite

• Mummification (to preserve the dead)

• written numbers• medicine and

surgery

Social Classes

• priests/kings were highest, then

merchants, workers,

slaves lowest• women had

some rights, not education

• royal families were highest, then government officials, priest and commanders

• below them were the merchants/artisans, and the unskilled laborers

• women equal to men

Intro to Out of Class Essays

Writing Skills and Essay #1

Categorization Strategies

• When comparing and contrasting, consider using a few of these categories to help organize your essay and provide a solid comparison.

• Political• Economic• Social• Cultural• Intellectua

l• Religious• Geographi

c

Example Outlines

• Egypt and Sumer are similar politically, but more different in social and cultural ways.– Political similarities– Social differences– Cultural

differences

• Egypt and Sumer are different religiously, but more similar with respect to their geography and economy.– Religious differences– Geographic

similarities– Economic

similarities

Essay Scoring Rubric• Topic sentence – introduces the

category or point; could be directly from introduction paragraph

• Clincher sentence – sums up what you just said and is the main point to take away from that paragraph

• Interpretive Commentary – analysis of your evidence and claim

Essay Scoring Rubric

• Each item listed is 1 point for a total of 18 points.

• 2 more points will come from having your name and the honor code initialed somewhere on your essay.

• Essays will typically be worth 40-50 points, this first one will only be 20 points.