september 21, 2017 ksu beef stocker unit · beef stocker 2017 field day september 21, 2017 page ii...
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September 21, 2017 KSU Beef Stocker Unit
Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page i
Beef Stocker Field Day 2017
September 21, 2017 KSU Beef Stocker Unit
Table of Contents
Page No. Table of Contents ................................................................................................................. i
Welcome and Thank You .................................................................................................... ii
Program Agenda .................................................................................................................. ii Beef Cattle Outlook .............................................................................................................. 1 Dr. Derrell Peel, Oklahoma State University Setting Calves up for Success this Fall ................................................................................ 19 Dr. Peggy Thompson, Boehringer Ingelheim Professional Services A Different Intensive Early Stocking Strategy for Optimized Marketing Opportunities .......... 35 Dr. Keith Harmoney, K-State Agricultural Research Center, Hays, KS
Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page ii
Beef Stocker Field Day 2017 September 21, 2017
KSU Beef Stocker Unit Welcome to the 18th annual KSU Beef Stocker Field Day. We appreciate your attendance and support of this educational event. We are fortunate to have assembled an outstanding list of presenters and topics that we believe are relevant to your bottom line. As always, if you have any questions on the program or suggestions for future topics, please let us know. Our strength in delivering relevant information lies in working closely with you, our stakeholder. Sincerely, Dale A. Blasi, PhD Extension Beef Specialist Department of Animal Sciences and Industry College of Agriculture
THANK YOU We would like to express a special “THANK YOU” to Boehringer Ingelheim for their support of today’s educational program and activities for the beef stocker segment. With their financial assistance, we are able to deliver the caliber of programming that today’s events have in store for you. Please take a moment to stop by their display to see the line of products that they have to offer.
Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page iii
Beef Stocker Field Day 2017 September 21, 2017
KSU Beef Stocker Unit 9:30 a.m. Registration/Coffee
10:15 a.m. Introductions
10:30 a.m. Beef Cattle Outlook Dr. Derrell Peel, Oklahoma State University
11:15 a.m. Producer Panel: Implementing Cover Crops: How They Have Helped My Operation
Dr. Jaymelynn Farney, Kansas State University Dr. Doug Shoup, Kansas State University Shawn Tiffany, Herington, KS Kelly Novak, Tampa,KS Kevin Wellnitz, Neosho Rapids, KS Harold Engle, Madison, KS Moderator: Wes Ishmael, Contributing Editor, BEEF Magazine
12:15 p.m. Barbecue Brisket Lunch- View Posters
1:15 p.m. Setting Calves up for Success this Fall Dr. Peggy Thompson, Boehringer Ingelheim Professional Services
2:15 p.m. A Different Intensive Early Stocking Strategy for Optimized Marketing Opportunities
Dr. Keith Harmoney, K-State Agricultural Research Center, Hays, KS
3:00 p.m. Break
3:30 p.m. Break Out Sessions (30 minutes/breakout) Proper Dosing at the Chute
Dr. A.J. Tarpoff, Kansas State University Why Vaccines Sometimes “Seem” to Fail
Dr. Gregg Hanzlicek, Kansas State University Stocker and Backgrounding Budgets
Robin Reid, Kansas State University Cover Crop Decision Tool
Dr. Jaymelynn Farney and Dr. Doug Shoup, Kansas State University 5:30 p.m. Cutting Bull’s Lament 2017
Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page iv
Notes – Notes -- Notes
Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 1
Cattle Market Update
Derrell S. PeelBreedlove Professor of Agribusiness and Extension Livestock Marketing SpecialistOklahoma State University
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2017 Market Setting
• Global
• U.S. Economy
• Agriculture
• Cattle Industry
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Beef Cattle Outlook
Dr. Derrell Peel Oklahoma State University
Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 2
Global and Macroeconomic Environment
• Changes– Political– Policy
• Uncertainty– Global Economy– U.S. Economy– Trade
• Exchange Rates
• Volatility– Markets– Futures
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Major Beef Market Factors
• Cattle Inventory and Beef Production
• Beef Demand
• International Trade
• Feed and Input Markets
• Forage Conditions
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C-P-49A09/19/17
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
JAN APR JUL OCT
$ Per Cwt.
MED. & LRG. #1 STEER CALF PRICES400‐500 Pounds, Southern Plains, Weekly
Avg. 2011‐15 2016 2017
Data Source: USDA‐AMS
Livestock Marketing Information Center
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 3
C-P-4909/19/17
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
JAN APR JUL OCT
$ Per Cwt.
MED. & LRG. #1 FEEDER STEER PRICES700‐800 Pounds, Southern Plains, Weekly
Avg. 2011‐15 2016 2017
Data Source: USDA‐AMS
Livestock Marketing Information Center
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C-P-5209/19/17
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
JAN APR JUL OCT
$ Per Cwt.
SLAUGHTER STEER PRICESSouthern Plains, Weekly
Avg. 2011‐15 2016 2017
Data Source: USDA‐AMS
Livestock Marketing Information Center
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C-P-6209/19/17
170
180
190
200
210
220
230
240
250
260
JAN APR JUL OCT
$ Per Cwt.
BOXED BEEF CUTOUT VALUEChoice 600‐900 Lbs., Carcass, Weekly
Avg. 2011‐15 2016 2017
Data Source: USDA‐AMS
Livestock Marketing Information Center
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 4
C-P-3509/19/17
50
60
70
80
90
100
JAN APR JUL OCT
$ Per Cwt.
SLAUGHTER COW PRICESSouthern Plains, 85‐90% Lean, Weekly
Avg. 2011‐15 2016 2017
Data Source: USDA‐AMS
Livestock Marketing Information Center
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U.S. Cattle InventoryJuly 1
2015 2016 2017 Jul as % of Jan
1000 Head 1000 Head
All Cattle and Calves 98200 102600 109.6
Beef Cows 30500 32500 104.1
Dairy Cows 9300 9400
Beef Replacements 4800 4700 73.2
Dairy Replacements 4200 4200
Feeder Supply 35400 37000
Cattle on Feed 12100 12800
2015 2016 2017 % YOY
Calf Crop 34086.7 35082.7 36300 +3.5
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 5
C-N-1008/25/17
10.0
10.2
10.4
10.6
10.8
11.0
11.2
11.4
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Mil. Head
CATTLE ON FEEDUS Total, Monthly
Avg. 2011/15 2016 2017
Data Source: USDA‐NASS
Livestock Marketing Information Center
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C-P-2209/14/17
‐500
‐400
‐300
‐200
‐100
0
100
200
300
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
$ Per Steer
AVERAGE RETURNS TO CATTLE FEEDERSFeeding 750 Lb. Steers. S. Plains, Monthly
Data Source: USDA‐AMS & USDA‐NASS, Compiled & Analysis by LMIC
Livestock Marketing Information Center
Latest Data: August 2017
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C-N-0808/25/17
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.9
2.1
2.3
2.5
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Mil. Head
FEEDLOT PLACEMENTSUS Total, Monthly
Avg. 2011/15 2016 2017
Data Source: USDA‐NASS
Livestock Marketing Information Center
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 6
C-M-1108/25/17
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Mil. Head
FED CATTLE MARKETINGSUS Total, Monthly
Avg. 2011/15 2016 2017
Data Source: USDA‐NASS
Livestock Marketing Information Center
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Monthly Placements and Cattle on Feed12 Month Moving Ave.
1600170018001900200021002200230024002500
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
1,00
0 H
ead
9000
9500
10000
10500
11000
11500
120001,
000
Hea
d
Plcmts Mktgs COF
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Cattle SlaughterFederally Inspected, 1000 Head
2015 2016 % Change 2015 to 2016
% Change YTD
2016 to 2017
Steers 15331 16495 +7.6 +3.2
Heifers 7351 7698 +4.7 +11.4
Dairy Cows 2915 2885 ‐1.0 +3.7
Beef Cows 2236 2543 +13.7 +11.2
Bulls 462 494 +6.8 +13.5
Total 28296 30115 +6.4 +6.1
Latest data: September 2, 2017
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 7
Steer to Heifer Slaughter Ratio12 month MA
1.40
1.50
1.60
1.70
1.80
1.90
2.00
2.10
2.20
2.30
2.4001/01/70
01/01/72
01/01/74
01/01/76
01/01/78
01/01/80
01/01/82
01/01/84
01/01/86
01/01/88
01/01/90
01/01/92
01/01/94
01/01/96
01/01/98
01/01/00
01/01/02
01/01/04
01/01/06
01/01/08
01/01/10
01/01/12
01/01/14
01/01/16
Latest: June 2017
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C-S-1809/08/17
820
840
860
880
900
920
940
JAN APR JUL OCT
Pounds
STEER DRESSED WEIGHTFederally Inspected, Weekly
Avg. 2011‐15 2016 2017
Data Source: USDA‐AMS & USDA‐NASS
Livestock Marketing Information Center
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2018 Meat Production and Consumption
Production Consum. Change
Consum.Per Capita
Consum.Change
2016 2017 2016‐2017 2018 2017‐2018
2016‐2017
2018 2017‐2018
Millionlbs.
Millionlbs.
%Change
Millionlbs.
%Change
% Change
Retail Lbs. % Change
Beef 25221 26200 +3.9 27261 +4.1 +1.8 57.5 +1.8
Pork 24941 25678 +2.9 26445 +3.0 ‐0.4 50.4 +1.2
Broilers 40261 40583 +0.8 40531 ‐0.1 ‐0.3 87.9 ‐1.6
Total 97193 99166 +2.0 101204 +2.1 +0.3 215.0 +0.2
LMIC, August 27, 2017
2017 projected; 2018 forecast
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 8
C-P-6809/19/17
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
JAN APR JUL OCT
$ Per Cwt.
CHOICE MINUS SELECT BEEF PRICESCarcass Cutout Value 600‐900 Lbs., Weekly
Avg. 2011‐15 2016 2017
Data Source: USDA‐AMS, Compiled by LMIC
Livestock Marketing Information Center
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RETAIL BEEF PRICEMonthly
350375400425450475500525550575600625650
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
$ Per Cwt
All Fresh Choice
Data Source: USDA-ERS
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RETAIL PRICE RATIOSMonthly
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.00
2.20
2.40
2.60
2.80
3.00
3.20
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
Beef/Pork Beef/Broiler Pork/Broiler
Livestock Marketing Information Center
Data Source: USDA‐AMS & USDA‐NASS, Compiled & Analysis by LMIC June, 2017
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 9
BEEF PRODUCTION vs. BEEF COW INVENTORY
Inventory on January 1, U.S.
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017
Mil. Head
22
23
24
25
26
27
28Bil. Pounds
Commercial Beef Production >>>
<<< Beef Cow Inventory
Livestock Marketing Information Center
Data Source: USDA‐NASS, Compiled & Analysis by LMIC and Derrell Peel
2017 Beef Production projected; 2018 Production & Inventory forecast
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M-C-1507/09/17
50
55
60
65
70
1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017
Pounds
US BEEF CONSUMPTIONPer Capita, Retail Weight, Annual
Data Source: USDA‐NASS, Compiled & Analysis by LMIC
Livestock Marketing Information Center
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 10
Major Beef Producing and Consuming Countries, 2017 Projected
PRODUCTION1. USA2. Brazil 3. EU4. China5. India6. Argentina7. Australia8. Mexico9. Pakistan10. Turkey
CONSUMPTION1. USA2. China3. EU4. Brazil5. Argentina6. India7. Mexico8. Russia9. Turkey10. Pakistan
Source: USDA‐FAS, Apr 2017
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0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Canada China Mexico Australia India Argentina RussianFederation
EuropeanUnion
Brazil US
Mill MT
2017 FORECAST BEEF AND VEAL PRODUCTIONCarcass Weight
Data Source: USDA-FAS
Livestock Marketing Information Center
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Major Beef Trading Countries, 2017 Projected
EXPORTS1. India2. Brazil3. Australia4. USA5. New Zealand6. Canada7. Uruguay8. Paraguay9. EU10. Mexico
IMPORTS1. USA2. China3. Japan4. South Korea5. Russia6. Hong Kong7. EU8. Egypt9. Chile10. Canada
Source: USDA‐FAS, Apr 2017
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 11
India: Beef Exports
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
1,00
0 M
ET
RIC
TO
NS
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China: Beef Imports
0100200300400500600700800900
1000
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
1,00
0 M
ET
RIC
TO
NS
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Mexico: Beef Exports
0
50
100
150
200
250
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
1,00
0 M
ET
RIC
TO
NS
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 12
I-N-1609/07/17
150
170
190
210
230
250
270
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Mil. Pounds
US BEEF AND VEAL EXPORTSCarcass Weight, Monthly
Avg. 2011‐15 2016 2017
Data Source: USDA‐ERS & USDA‐FAS
Livestock Marketing Information Center
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U.S. Beef Exports2015(1000 lbs.)
%Change 2014 to 2015
2016(1000 lbs.)
% Change 2015 to 2016
% of Total
Exports
YTD %Of 2016
Japan 538353 ‐18.7 655516 +21.7 25.7 +25.7
Mexico 363023 ‐16.6 393811 +8.6 15.4 +6.5
Hong Kong 315784 ‐24.1 293693 ‐6.9 11.5 +9.2
Canada 323774 ‐11.1 308234 ‐4.7 12.1 +1.6
S. Korea 318809 +5.9 454680 +42.6 17.8 +12.6
Total 2265950 ‐11.9 2549810 +12.6 +14.2
YTD: Jan‐Jul
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U.S. Beef ExportsMajor Markets
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
20002002
20042006
20082010
20122014
2016
1000
lbs
Car
cass
Wt
JAPAN CANADA MEXICO KOREA HONG KONG OTHER
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 13
I-N-0607/18/17
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017
Bil. Pounds
US BEEF AND VEAL EXPORTSCarcass Weight, Annual
Data Source: USDA‐ERS & USDA‐FAS, Compiled by LMIC
Livestock Marketing Information Center
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C-P-3909/19/17
10.00
10.50
11.00
11.50
12.00
12.50
13.00
13.50
14.00
14.50
15.00
JAN APR JUL OCT
$ Per Cwt.
STEER HIDE AND OFFAL VALUELive Animal Basis, Weekly
Avg. 2011‐15 2016 2017
Data Source: USDA‐AMS
Livestock Marketing Information Center
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I-N-1509/07/17
150
175
200
225
250
275
300
325
JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC
Mil. Pounds
US BEEF AND VEAL IMPORTSCarcass Weight, Monthly
Avg. 2011‐15 2016 2017
Data Source: USDA‐ERS & USDA‐FAS
Livestock Marketing Information Center
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 14
U.S. Beef Imports2015(1000 lbs.)
%Change 2014 to 2015
2016(1000 lbs.)
% Change 2015 to 2016
% of Total
Exports
2017 YTD% of 2016
Australia 1258266 +16.2 767142 ‐39.0 +25.4 ‐29.6
Canada 628397 +4.4 718063 +14.3 +23.8 +2.9
NewZealand
661287 +10.7 613121 ‐7.3 +20.3 ‐13.8
Mexico 391937 +26.4 493446 +25.9 +16.4 +34.1
Brazil 149580 +83.6 152142 +2.1 +5.1 +26.5
Total 3370484 +14.4 3015673 ‐10.5 ‐4.3
YTD: Jan‐Jul
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U.S. Beef ImportsMajor Markets
0500
100015002000250030003500
20002002
20042006
20082010
20122014
2016
100
0 lb
s C
arca
ss W
t
AUSTRALIA N ZEALAND CANADA BRAZIL URUGUAY MEXICO
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I-N-1207/18/17
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008 2011 2014 2017
Bil. Pounds
US BEEF AND VEAL IMPORTSCarcass Weight, Annual
Data Source: USDA‐ERS & USDA‐FAS, Compiled by LMIC
Livestock Marketing Information Center
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 15
C-P-0608/28/17
50
75
100
125
150
175
200
225
250
275
1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 2018
$ Per Cwt
AVERAGE ANNUAL CATTLE PRICESSouthern Plains
500‐600lb Steer Calves 700‐800lb Feeder Steers Fed Steers
Data Source: USDA‐AMS, Compiled and Forecasts by LMIC
Livestock Marketing Information Center
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2017 Cattle Price Forecasts
Feeder Steer Price (Southern Plains) Fed Steer
5‐600 lb.($/cwt.)
% chgfrom
Last Year
7‐800 lb.
($/cwt.)
% chgfrom
Last Year
5‐mkt avg.
($/cwt)
% chgfrom
Last Year2016 IV 138.44 ‐32.0 129.07 ‐27.2 107.69 ‐15.7
Annual 166.29 ‐33.8 145.61 ‐30.1 120.85 ‐18.6
2017 I 157.38 ‐19.6 132.88 ‐17.3 122.96 ‐8.8
II 170.49 ‐1.9 149.30 0.0 132.76 +4.0
III 162‐164 +3.7 147‐149 +2.7 111‐112 ‐1.5
IV 148‐153 +8.7 137‐140 +7.3 114‐115 +6.3
Annual 159‐162 ‐3.5 141‐143 ‐2.5 120‐121 ‐0.3
2018 Annual 150‐156 ‐4.7 133‐137 ‐4.9 116‐119 ‐2.5
LMIC, September 1, 2017
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Price‐Weight RelationshipMedium/Large No. 1 Steers, Kansas
135
145
155
165
175
185
195
205
375
425
475
525
575
625
675
725
775
825
875
925
weight (pounds)
Pri
ce
($
/cw
t) 11-Sep-17
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 16
Price‐Weight RelationshipMedium/Large No. 1 Steers, Kansas
135
145
155
165
175
185
195
205
375
425
475
525
575
625
675
725
775
825
875
925
weight (pounds)
Pri
ce
($
/cw
t)
18-Sep-1711-Sep-17
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Steer Price, Total Value and Value of Gain September 18, 2017, Combined Kansas
Weight (lbs)
Average Price ($/cwt.)
Total Value ($/hd)
VOG400 lb. Beg. Weight($/lb.)
VOG450 lb. Beg. Weight($/lb
VOG500 lb. Beg. Weight($/lb.)
VOG550 lb. Beg. Weight($/lb.)
VOG600 lb. Beg. Weight($/lb.)
VOG650 lb. Beg. Weight($/lb.)
400 $188.83 $755
450 $185.81 $836 $1.62
500 $176.75 $884 $1.28 $0.95
550 $168.57 $927 $1.15 $0.91 $0.87
600 $165.60 $994 $1.19 $1.05 $1.10 $1.33
650 $164.16 $1,067 $1.25 $1.15 $1.22 $1.40 $1.47
700 $160.47 $1,123 $1.23 $1.15 $1.20 $1.31 $1.30 $1.13
750 $156.35 $1,173 $1.19 $1.12 $1.16 $1.23 $1.19 $1.06
800 $154.03 $1,232 $1.19 $1.13 $1.16 $1.22 $1.19 $1.10
850 $153.67 $1,306 $1.22 $1.18 $1.21 $1.26 $1.25 $1.20
900 $151.09 $1,360 $1.21 $1.16 $1.19 $1.24 $1.22 $1.17
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Price‐Weight RelationshipMedium/Large No. 1 Steers, Kansas
135
145
155
165
175
185
195
205
375
425
475
525
575
625
675
725
775
825
875
925
weight (pounds)
Pri
ce
($
/cw
t)
18-Sep-17$75 COG
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 17
The Weekly Email NewsletterFrom OSU Animal Science and Agricultural Economics
• Send Email to [email protected]
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10.42%
9.05%
8.51% 8.47%
6.69%
5.06%
3.97%
4.81%4.49%
5.38% 5.37% 5.27%
3.00%
4.00%
5.00%
6.00%
7.00%
8.00%
9.00%
10.00%
11.00%
375 425 475 525 575 625 675 725 775 825 875 925
Steer Weight
Feeder Cattle Price Slides2000‐2016
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Feeder Price Slides
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%
8%
9%
10%
11%
375 425 475 525 575 625 675 725 775 825 875 925
Steers Heifers
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 18
Notes – Notes -- Notes
Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 19
Peggy Thompson, DVMProfessional Services Veterinarian-CattleBoehringer Ingelheim Animal Health
“Setting Calves Up For Success This Fall”
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Born and Raised
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Setting Calves Up for Success this Fall
Dr. Peggy Thompson Boehringer Ingelheim Professional Services
Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 20
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Prevention Works – Vaccines
• Disease prevention is key to animal health
• Prevention is preferable to treatment
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True or False?
• Do vaccines protect animals(calves) from disease?
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 21
Vaccination is One Part of Preventive Medicine
• Vaccines do not protect from disease
• Immune system protects from disease
• Vaccines trigger an immune system response
• If at a later time the animal is exposed, the immune system can more rapidly respond to the pathogen
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Terminology
• Vaccination = administering a vaccine to an animal (procedure)
• Immunization = mount an immune response against a particular antigen (pathogen) – Is dependent upon the animal to respond to the vaccine
– Many factors may prevent or interfere with a protective immune response from developing
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Bovine Respiratory Disease
• Most common, economically important disease of calves
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 22
Calf
StressorsPathogen
Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex
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Why So Much Fuss Over Respiratory Tract Viruses?
• Can damage mucosa of upper resp tract physical barrier
• Can be immunosuppressive
• Predispose to secondary bacterial infections!
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Effect of BVDV PI Calves
“70% to 100% of susceptible nonvaccinatedcalves become
infected after exposure to PI calves.”
Fulton RW, Briggs RE, Ridpath JF, et al. Can J Vet Res 2005;69:161–169.
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 23
Effect of BVDV PI Calves
“Exposure to a PI calf was defined as housing in the same pen with or a pen adjacent to a PI calf, which resulted in exposed cattle having a 43% greater risk for respiratory tract disease, compared with cattle that were not exposed to a PI calf. Exposed cattle also had greater risk for treatment of respiratory tract disease and received more treatments than cattle that were not exposed.”
• Loneragan GH, Thomson DU, Montgomery DL, et al. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2005; 226:595–601.
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BVDV PI Subgenotypes
BVDV-1a 12%
BVDV-1b 78%
BVDV-2a 10%
Fulton RW, Hessman B, Johnson BJ et al. JAVMA 2006; 228: 578-584.
21,743 calves sampled
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Bacterial Pneumonia– the disease
• Mannheimia haemolytica bacteria are normal inhabitants of the nasal passages of cattle
• Following stress, viral infection, etc…..– Mannheimia haemolytica multiply and invade the lungs
• Rapidly growing Mannheimia haemolytica organisms produce a leukotoxin– white blood cell destruction >>> lung tissue damage
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 24
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Risk Factors Associated with BRD
Weaning, nutrition, environment, parasites, transport, commingling, etc…
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 25
Risk Factors Associated with BRDInadequate
Passive Transfer
3 TIMESmore likely to be
treated for BRD in the feedlot
(Wittum & Perino, 1995)
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Risk Factors Associated with BRD
• Bulls 3.32 times more likely to have BRD than steers
• (Richeson, 2013)
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• Starter rations containing ≥ 75% concentrate
Risk Factors Associated with BRD
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 26
Immune System Function
• Vital parts– Energy– Protein– Copper, selenium, zinc..– Vitamin A, D, E
Dr Jeff Hall, Utah State Univ
Effects of Mineral Deficiencies over Time
SubclinicalClinical
Immunity
Growth/Fertility
Clinical Signs
Time
Min
eral
Sta
tus
The steepness of the curve will vary with themagnitude of the mineral deficit.
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Prevention Starts on the Farm
Newly weaned, non-vaccinated calves are:
• Stressed
• Exposed to new pathogen isolates
• Minimal or no protection
• Not able to develop maximal immunity
• High risk of developing pneumonia
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Vaccine Goals
• Vaccination Immunity
• Immunity Disease resistance
• Disease resistance Improved performance
• Improved performance Increased potential revenue/profits
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 27
Vaccine Goals
• Goal = Raise the level of immunity (resistance) in the herd to prevent severe disease outbreaks
• Reduces the occurrence of outbreaks with high morbidity and/or mortality – ↓ # of animals that exhibit clinical disease and/or minimize
clinical disease in some to allow a more rapid recovery
• Not all animals will be protected – some individuals may still get sick/die
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Disease Resistance
Level of Resistance
Num
ber
of A
nim
als
Low High
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Disease Resistance following Vaccination
Num
ber
of A
nim
als
Vaccinate
Level of ResistanceLow High
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 28
Risk Categories
• Low-Risk – preconditioned– castrated (healed) – dehorned (healed) – vaccinated
• resp viral vaccines • ? blackleg shot (most programs include) • ? pasteurella shot (most programs include)
– weaned• not walking fence or bawling
– bunk broke
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Risk Categories (cont.)
• High-Risk, Exposed– generally put together cattle (small farms, 1 or > auction
markets)
– commingled• exposure to pathogens
• added stress (nutrition, social, etc.)
– many may be sick upon arrival
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Arrival Considerations
• Let cattle settle down & relax
• Stress: decreases immune response
• Provide good quality hay• Provide clean water
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 29
Processing Considerations• Process 12 – 24 hours
• PI test?
• Viral vaccine- IBRV, BVDV I & II, PI3, BRSV
• Recent data = in certain situations may delay viral vaccinations
• Mannheimia haemolytica?
• 7 way Blackleg?
• Dewormer
• Metaphylaxis?
• Work cattle quietly
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Things to Consider before Purchase
• Work with your veterinarian on an arrival vaccination protocol
• Work with your nutritionist on a receiving/starter ration
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What about Maternal Antibodies?
Pyramid ® 5 vaccination of 4-5 week old calves:0% death loss in vaccinates
33% death loss no vaccinesignificantly less clinical signspositive weight gain advantage 14 & 21 days post-challenge
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 30
Long Haul High Risk Calves
• May consider…
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Study Design
• 5179 high-risk crossbred heifer calves
• OK & TX origin, 8/25/2015 through 10/15/2015• 624 lb ave (602-650 lb range)
• large commercial feedlot in western KS
• Cattle penned by treatment group:• 15 x 4-pen replicates (60 pens total) ~ 85 head/pen
• Calves randomized at processing chute
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 31
Study Groups
Courtesy of Del Miles
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Courtesy of Dave Renter
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Courtesy of Dave Renter
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 32
Courtesy of Dave Renter
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Courtesy of Dave Renter
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Conclusions for this Study
• No differences in final performance
• Delaying the MLV vaccine for 30 d resulted in a significant decrease in the number of calves requiring additional treatment for BRD
• The inclusion of Zelnate® consistently improved survivability
Courtesy of Del Miles and Dave Renter
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 33
A duration of immunity of 217 days has been demonstrated against respiratory disease caused by BVDV type 1b. Vaccination provides a protective effect against the development of post-challenge viremia and leukopenia.
Package Insert
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Things to Remember when using Vaccines
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Thank You and What
Questions Do You Have?
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 34
Notes – Notes -- Notes
Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 35
A Different Intensive Early Stocking Strategy for Optimized Marketing
Opportunities
Keith HarmoneyKansas State University Ag. Research Center - Hays
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Kansas – 52.3 million acres of land-
-over 17 million acres ofpermanent range and pastureland
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A Different Intensive Early Stocking Strategy for Optimized Marketing Opportunities
Dr. Keith Harmoney K-State Agricultural Research Center, Hays, KS
Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 36
Eastern Kansas Tallgrass
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Central Kansas Mixedgrass
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Western Kansas Shortgrass
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 37
Efficient beef production per acre-to get maximum individual gain from the
greatest number of animals
The Primary Use and Goal
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Relationship of Stocking Rate, Animal Production, and Economic Return
Stocking Rate
Ga
in (
lb/h
d/d
ay)
0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
Low High
Ga
in (
lb/a
cre
)
0
20
40
60
80
100
Area of maximum economic return
Moderate
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Season-Long Stocking (SLS)-stocking animals on one pasture
for the entire grazing season (5-6 months)
water
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 38
Season-Long Stocking-1X moderate stocking rate and density for the growing season
-Selectivity of most nutritious plants and plant parts, important for late season gains
-Individual animal gains of 230-250 lbs
-Production per acre from 50-65 lbs
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Intensive-Early Stocking (2X IES)-stocking 2X the season-long number of animals
during the early grazing season (2.5 – 3.0 months)
water
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
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Intensive-Early Stocking (2X IES)
-1X moderate stocking rate, but 2X stocking density for the first half of growing season, animals removed at mid-season
-Animal density greatest when grass is most nutritious
-Reduces some selectivity, ≈70% of area grazed
-Early season animal gains equal to SLS
-Production per acre greater than SLS in the east,equal to SLS in the west
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 39
Intensive-Early Stocking (2X IES)with prescribed spring burning
-same stocking attributes as 2X IES
-high forage quality, no carryover residual forage at spring turnout-greater animal intake-improved individual animal performance and production per acre over 2X IES
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Modified IES (1.6X + 1)-stocking 1.6X the season-long number of animals during the early grazing season (2.5 – 3.0 months),
reducing density to 1X during the late season
water
JanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
1.6X
1X
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Modified IES (1.6X+1)
-1.6X animal density for first half of growing season, heaviest animals removed at mid-season-1X animal density the last half of growing season
-Animal density greatest when grass is most nutritious-Allows more animal selectivity late in the season
-Utilize positive components of both SLS and 2X IES systems to maintain individual performance and increase production per acre
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 40
Early Season (~May 1-July 15)
Late Season (~July 15-Oct 1)
Beef
ADG (lb)
Total Gain (lb)
ADG (lb)
Total Gain (lb) (lb/ac)
SLS 1.71a 128a 1.35a 106a 69b
IES 1.6X+1 1.54b 115b 1.37a 107a 85a
Season-Long Stockingvs.
Modified IES (1.6X+1)Hays, 2002-2008
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Ste
er
ga
in (l
b/a
cre
)
SLS 1.6X+1 IES
Steer Performance on Native Range 2002-2008, Hays
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0
25
50
75
100
125
Re
turn
Do
llars
($
/ac
re)
$ Return Per Acreon Native Range, Hays
0
25
50
75
100
125* *
NS
NS
20072002 2003 2004 2005 2006
NS
NS
1.6X+1 IESSLS 1X
2008
*
AVG
*
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 41
Carcass ComparisonSLS 1.6X+1
Feedlot Start Wgt, lbs.Finished Wgt, lbs.Carcass Wgt, lbs.Marbling ScoreDressing %Feedlot Gain, lbs.Ribeye area, in2
Days on FeedNumber of Head
Net Value, $/head
8461394
8685.5464.5546
13.4150278
46.00
8011331
8275.4264.4531
13.0150280
38.92
Trait
****
**
7831335
8205.2363.2552
12.9144166
89.70
Oct JulySL
7941333
8255.2763.9539
13.0147446
Avg.
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0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Bio
ma
ss (
lb/a
c)
End of Growing Season Biomass, Hays
SLS 1XIES 1.6X + 1
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R² = 0.2405
R² = 0.3538
R² = 0.1343
R² = 0.0265
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
0.45
0.50
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Pro
po
rtio
n
Blue and Sideoats Grama Composition on Short Grass Rangeland
BOGR –SLS 1XBOGR –IES 1.6X + 1BOCU –SLS 1XBOCU –IES 1.6X + 1
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 42
Pro
po
rtio
n
Buffalograss and Sedge Composition on Short Grass Rangeland
*
*R² = 0.0105
R² = 0.1009
R² = 0.2713
R² = 0.5245
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008
Pro
po
rtio
n
*
CAREX –SLS 1XCAREX –IES 1.6X + 1BUDA –SLS 1XBUDA –IES 1.6X + 1
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2X IES + Late Season Grazing(2X IES+LSG)
-2X animal density for first half of growing season, half of the animals removed at mid-season-1X animal density the last half of growing season
-A System that alternates years between 2X IES and 2X IES+LSG
-Utilize positive components of both SLS and 2X IES systems to maintain individual performance and increase production per acre
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Steer Performance on Native Range 2007-2016, Manhattan
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 43
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End of Growing Season Biomass, Manhattan
2X IESSLS 1X 2X IES+LSG 2X IES-R
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Main benefits of Modified IES (1.6X+1) or 2X IES+LSG System
-Increased beef lb/acre produced (26% at Hays, 43 and 23% at Manhattan)
-Increased net returns/acre (19% at Hays, 75 and 18% at Manhattan)
-No change in vegetative production the year after modified stocking or late season grazing
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 44
Other benefits of Modified IES (1.6X+1) or 2X IES+LSG System
-Potential for light stockers to put on more weight
-Lessens marketing risk
-Opportunity to market in other production sectors
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 45
-The Modified IES system had a greater net return/acre than SLS for 22 of the 25 years.
-A previous 2X IES+LSG system had a greater net return/acre in 30% of the years, yet never had the lowest net return compared to SLS and 2X IES.
Lessens Risk
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-20-10
0102030405060708090
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25
Re
turn
Do
llars
($/a
cre
)
Year
Estimated $ Return Per Acreon Native Range, Hays
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Opportunity in other beef production sectors
___________________________________
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 46
-Use replacement heifers in IES, fixed time AI and early ultrasound, late season graze those settled AI
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May July October Early Total FSCR
Heifer BW
Heifer BW
Heifer BW
Gain Gain
lb lb lb lb/acre lb/acre %
SLS 772 909 987 34 54 52
MIES 770 900 980 52* 73* 44
Comparison of SLS and Modified IES 1.6X+1 with Heifers
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Heifer Stocking Treatment
July October
SLS MIES SLS MIES
lb/acre
2174 2052 1986 1974
-Residual Pasture Dry Matter Availability
Comparison of SLS and Modified IES 1.6X+1 with Heifers
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 47
Potential use in the cow/calf sector?
___________________________________
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Conclusions
-Using a different IES system with late season grazing has potential to increase beef production and net returns per acre
-Can achieve this production increase and also lessen marketing risk
-May be able to expand this stocking strategy to other classes of cattle
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___________________________________
___________________________________
Efficient beef production per acre-to get maximum individual gain from the
greatest number of animals
The Primary Use and Goal
Continue to test strategies to make beef production more efficient
___________________________________
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 48
Contact: Keith [email protected] ext. 221
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Beef Stocker 2017 Field Day September 21, 2017 Page 49
Notes – Notes -- Notes