september 3 ed , 2009
DESCRIPTION
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time. S afaa A ldwaik. [email protected]. GIS & LAND CHANGE SCIENCE. September 3 ed , 2009. Fall 09. Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time. Major Points . - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
September 3ed , 2009
Safaa Aldwaik
Fall 09GIS & LAND CHANGE SCIENCE
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time
Major Points
• We examine transitions of land categories from three points in time to test the Stationarity of transitions.
• We use Cross-tabulation matrices for the Plum Island Ecosystems site
• Computer code has been created to automate this analysis
2
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time
±Land-Cover from three points in time for
the Plum Island Ecosystems site
Source: Office of Geographic and Environment Information (MassGIS), Commonwealth of Massachusetts Executive Office of Environmental Affairs
1985 1991 1999
3
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time
Percentage of Area Covered by each land-cover category
1985 1991 1999
4
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time
5
PIE: Lossesduring 1985 - 1991
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time
6
PIE: Gainsduring 1985 - 1991
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time
7
PIE: Lossesduring 1991 - 1999
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time
8
PIE: Gainsduring 1991 - 1999
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time
PIE: Gross gains and gross losses between 1: 1985 and 19912: 1991 and 1999
Gains Losses
9
G
G
L
L
L
L
L
Net Change Time Interval
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time
PIE: Annual Rate of Gains and Losses during two time intervals 1: 1985 and 19912: 1991 and 1999
Gains Losses
10
G
G
L
L
L
L
L
Net Change Time Interval
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time
PIE: Cross-tabulation matrix for comparing two maps from two points in time (pixels counts) 11
1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 Total 1985Built Agriculture Range Forest Water Wetland Barren
1985 Built 477651 122 342 2376 19 44 335 480889
1985 Agriculture 5858 57868 356 134 0 0 0 64216
1985 Range 3036 34 23108 371 4 0 0 26553
1985 Forest 25090 113 599 517789 72 85 434 544182
1985 Water 25 0 0 0 25000 0 0 25025
1985 Wetland 114 0 5 558 22 107290 16 108005
1985 Barren 1578 0 38 350 0 0 9305 11271
Total 1991 513352 58137 24448 521578 25117 107419 10090 1260141
1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 Total 1985Built Agriculture Range Forest Water Wetland Barren
1985 Built 37.90 0.01 0.03 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.03 38.16
1985 Agriculture 0.46 4.59 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.10
1985 Range 0.24 0.00 1.83 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.11
1985 Forest 1.99 0.01 0.05 41.09 0.01 0.01 0.03 43.18
1985 Water 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.98 0.00 0.00 1.99
1985 Wetland 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 8.51 0.00 8.57
1985 Barren 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.74 0.89
Total 1991 40.74 4.61 1.94 41.39 1.99 8.52 0.80 100.00
Gross Loss
0.26
0.50
0.27
2.09
0.00
0.06
0.16
3.34
Gross Gain 2.83 0.02 0.11 0.30 0.01 0.01 0.06 3.34
PIE: Cross-tabulation matrix for comparing two maps from two points in time (percentage of landscape)
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over TimeIf Built will gain 2.83% in space, then what proportion of the other categories
will it over take?
12
1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 Total 1985Built Agriculture Range Forest Water Wetland Barren
1985 Built 37.90 0.01 0.03 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.03 38.16
1985 Agriculture 0.46 4.59 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.10
1985 Range 0.24 0.00 1.83 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.11
1985 Forest 1.99 0.01 0.05 41.09 0.01 0.01 0.03 43.18
1985 Water 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.98 0.00 0.00 1.99
1985 Wetland 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 8.51 0.00 8.57
1985 Barren 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.74 0.89
Total 1991 40.74 4.61 1.94 41.39 1.99 8.52 0.80 100.00
Gross Loss
0.26
0.50
0.27
2.09
0.00
0.06
0.16
3.34
Gross Gain 2.83 0.02 0.11 0.30 0.01 0.01 0.06 3.34
0.23
0.10
1.98
0.09
0.39
0.04
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time
Matrix showing observed transitions in White and expected gains in Green as a percentage of the land cover
13
1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 Total 1985Built Agriculture Range Forest Water Wetland Barren
1985 Built 37.90 0.010.01
0.030.04
0.190.20
0.000.00
0.000.00
0.030.02 38.16
1985 Agriculture 0.460.23 4.59 0.03
0.010.010.03
0.000.00
0.000.00
0.000.00 5.10
1985 Range 0.240.10
0.000.00 1.83 0.03
0.010.000.00
0.000.00
0.000.00 2.11
1985 Forest 1.991.98
0.010.01
0.050.05 41.09 0.01
0.000.010.00
0.030.03 43.18
1985 Water 0.000.09
0.000.00
0.000.00
0.000.01 1.98 0.00
0.000.000.00 1.99
1985 Wetland 0.010.39
0.000.00
0.000.01
0.040.05
0.000.00 8.51 0.00
0.01 8.57
1985 Barren 0.130.04
0.000.00
0.000.00
0.030.00
0.000.00
0.000.00 0.74 0.89
Total 1991 40.74 4.61 1.94 41.39 1.99 8.52 0.80 100.00
Gross Loss
0.26
0.50
0.27
2.09
0.00
0.06
0.16
3.34
Gross Gain 2.83 0.02 0.11 0.30 0.01 0.01 0.06 3.34
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time
If Forest lost 2.09% in space, then what proportion of the other categories replaced it?
14
1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 Total 1985Built Agriculture Range Forest Water Wetland Barren
1985 Built 37.90 0.01 0.03 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.03 38.16
1985 Agriculture 0.46 4.59 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.10
1985 Range 0.24 0.00 1.83 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.11
1985 Forest 1.99 0.01 0.05 41.09 0.01 0.01 0.03 43.18
1985 Water 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.98 0.00 0.00 1.99
1985 Wetland 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 8.51 0.00 8.57
1985 Barren 0.13 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.74 0.89
Total 1991 40.74 4.61 1.94 41.39 1.99 8.52 0.80 100.00
Gross Loss
0.26
0.50
0.27
2.09
0.00
0.06
0.16
3.34
Gross Gain 2.83 0.02 0.11 0.30 0.01 0.01 0.06 3.34
1.46 0.16 0.07 0.07 0.30 0.03
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time
Matrix showing observed transitions in White and expected losses in Red as a percentage of the land cover
15
1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 Total 1985Built Agriculture Range Forest Water Wetland Barren
1985 Built 37.90 0.010.02
0.030.01
0.190.18
0.000.01
0.000.04
0.030.00 38.16
1985 Agriculture 0.460.22 4.59 0.03
0.010.010.22
0.000.01
0.000.05
0.000.00 5.10
1985 Range 0.240.11
0.000.01 1.83 0.03
0.120.000.01
0.000.02
0.000.00 2.11
1985 Forest 1.991.46
0.010.16
0.050.07 41.09 0.01
0.070.010.30
0.030.03 43.18
1985 Water 0.000.00
0.000.00
0.000.00
0.000.00 1.98 0.00
0.000.000.00 1.99
1985 Wetland 0.010.03
0.000.00
0.000.00
0.040.03
0.000.00 8.51 0.00
0.00 8.57
1985 Barren 0.130.06
0.000.01
0.000.00
0.030.07
0.000.00
0.000.01 0.74 0.89
Total 1991 40.74 4.61 1.94 41.39 1.99 8.52 0.80 100.00
Gross Loss
0.26
0.50
0.27
2.09
0.00
0.06
0.16
3.34
Gross Gain 2.83 0.02 0.11 0.30 0.01 0.01 0.06 3.34
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time
Matrix showing observed transitions in White and expected losses in Red as a percentage of the total Change
16
1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 Total 1985Built Agriculture Range Forest Water Wetland Barren
1985 Built 0.30.6
0.80.3
5.65.4
0.00.3
0.01.1
0.80.1
1985 Agriculture 13.96.4
0.80.3
0.36.5
0.00.3
0.01.3
0.00.1
1985 Range 7.23.4
0.10.4
0.93.5
0.00.2
0.00.7
0.00.1
1985 Forest 59.643.5
0.34.9
1.42.1
0.22.1
0.29.1
1.00.9
1985 Water 0.10.0
0. 00. 0
0.00.0
0.00.0
0.00.0
0.00.0
1985 Wetland 0.30.8
0. 00.1
0.00.0
1.30.8
0.10.0
0.00.0
1985 Barren 3.71.9
0.00.2
0.10.1
0.81.9
0.00.1
0.00.4
Total 1991
Gross Loss
7.7
15.1
8.2
62.6
0.1
1.7
4.7
100.0
Gross Gain 84.7 0.6 3.2 9.0 0.3 0.3 1.9 100.0
Gross Loss
7.7
15.1
8.2
62.6
0.1
1.7
4.7
100.0
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time
Matrix showing observed transitions in White and expected gains in Green as a percentage of the total Change
17
1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 1991 Total 1985Built Agriculture Range Forest Water Wetland Barren
1985 Built 0.30.3
0.81.2
5.66.0
0.00.1
0.10.1
0.80.7
1985 Agriculture 13.97.0
0.80.2
0.30.8
0.00.0
0.00.0
0.00.1
1985 Range 7.22.9
0.10.0
0.90.3
0.00.0
0.00.0
0.00.0
1985 Forest 59.659.2
0.30.3
1.41.4
0.20.1
0.20.1
1.00.8
1985 Water 0.12.7
0.00.0
0.00.1
0.00.3
0.00.0
0.00.0
1985 Wetland 0.311.7
0.00.1
0.00.3
1.31.4
0.10.0
0.00.2
1985 Barren 3.71.2
0.00.0
0.10.0
0.80.1
0.00.0
0.00.0
Total 1991
Gross Gain 84.7 0.6 3.2 9.0 0.3 0.3 1.9 100.0
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time
PIE: Percentage of Observed Transitions, Expected Losses and Expected Gains from the Total Change: the Built category during two time intervals:
1: 1985 and 19912: 1991 and 1999 18
Solid bars: Observed transition Fabric bars: Expected transition Italic numbers: Percentage of landscape
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2From : Agriculture Range Forest Water Wetland Barren
To: Built
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 To : Agriculture Range Forest Water Wetland Barren
From: Built
Perc
enta
ge o
f To
tal C
hang
e
0.01 0.02
0.
000.
05
0.0
3
0.01
0.19
0.
18
0.
00
0.
00
0.0
1
0.04
0.
0 0
0.
03
0.0
4 0.
02
0.
68
0.
52
0.0
3
0.
11
0.0
1
0.
00
0.
01
0.00
0.
46
0.23
0.
10
0.
24
1.
99
1.98
0.3
9
0.0
9
0.
00
0.
00
0.
01
0.0
2
0.
04
0.
13
0.
18
0.0
4
0.4
5
0.1
0
2.15
2.
18
0.3
2
0
.10
0.
45
0
.24
Time Interval:
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time
PIE: Percentage of Observed Transitions, Expected Losses and Expected Gains from the Total Change: the Forest category during two time intervals:
1: 1985 and 19912: 1991 and 1999 19
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2From : Built Agriculture Range Water Wetland Barren
To: Forest
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 To : Built Agriculture Range Water Wetland Barren
From: Forest
Pe
rcen
tage
of
Tota
l Cha
nge
Solid bars: Observed transition Fabric bars: Expected transition Italic numbers: Percentage of landscape
Time Interval:
1.99
1.46
2.
151.
64
0.
01
0.
16
0.05
0.07
0.
01
0.
01
0.0
7
0.30
0.
0 3
0.
03
0.01
0.16
0.
04
0.07 0.
08
0.
32
0.0
4
0.
04
0.02
0.00
0.
19
0.
20
0.
03
0.
01
0.
03
0.01
0.0
5
0.0
1
0.
00
0.
00
0.0
4
0.1
2
0.0
0
0.
03
0.1
2
0.0
3
0.0
2 0
.03
0.0
2
0.0
7
0.
68
0
.59
0.0
0
0.
01
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time
PIE: Percentage of Observed Transitions, Expected Losses and Expected Gains from the Total Change: the Agriculture category during two time intervals:
1: 1985 and 19912: 1991 and 1999 20
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2From : Built Range Forest Water Wetland Barren
To: Agriculture
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 To : Built Range Forest Water Wetland Barren
From: Agriculture
Pe
rcen
tage
of
Tota
l Cha
nge
Solid bars: Observed transition Fabric bars: Expected transition Italic numbers: Percentage of landscape
Time Interval:
0.4
6 0
.22
0.4
50.
23
0.0
3 0
.01
0.01
0.
22
0.
00
0.
00
0.0
1
0.05
0.00
0.
00
0.04
0.01
0.
02
0.2
1
0.0
1
0.
05 0
.00
0.00
0.
00
0.00
0
.01
0.
01
0.00
0.
00
0.
01
0.01
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.
00
0.
00
0.
00
0.0
0
0.
00
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
1 0
.01
0.0
1
0
.00
0.
00
0
.01
0.0
0
0.00
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time
PIE: Percentage of Observed Transitions, Expected Losses and Expected Gains from the Total Change: the Range category during two time intervals:
1: 1985 and 19912: 1991 and 1999 21
Solid bars: Observed transition Fabric bars: Expected transition Italic numbers: Percentage of landscape
Time Interval: 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2From : Built Agriculture Forest Water Wetland Barren
To: Range
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 To : Built Agriculture Forest Water Wetland Barren
From: Range
Pe
rcen
tage
of
Tota
l Cha
nge
0.2
4 0
.11
0.3
20.
15
0.0
0 0
.01 0
.03
0.
12
0.
00
0.
00
0.0
1
0.02
0.00
0.
00
0.01
0.01
0.
02
0.1
4
0.0
1
0.
03 0
.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0
.03
0.
04
0.01
0.
03
0.
05
0.
05
0.0
1
0.0
0
0.
00
0.
00
0.
00
0.
00
0.0
0 0.0
0
0.0
1
0.0
0
0.04
0.0
5
0.0
4
0
.01
0.
04
0.
05
0.0
0
0.00
Time Interval:
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time
PIE: Percentage of Observed Transitions, Expected Losses and Expected Gains from the Total Change: the Water category during two time intervals:
1: 1985 and 19912: 1991 and 1999 22
Solid bars: Observed transition Fabric bars: Expected transition Italic numbers: Percentage of landscape
Time Interval: 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2From : Built Agriculture Range Forest Wetland Barren
To: Water
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 To : Built Agriculture Range Forest Wetland Barren
From: Water
Pe
rcen
tage
of
Tota
l Cha
nge
0.0
0 0
.00
0.
00 0
.10
0.0
0 0.0
0
0.00
0.
00
0.
00
0.
00
0.0
0
0.00
0.00
0.
00 0.00
0.
00
0.
00
0
.00
0.0
1
0.00
0.0
1
0.02
0.
00 0.0
0
0.
00
0.00
0.00
0.
00
0.
00
0.00
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.
01
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.
00
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
1
0.00 0
.00
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.
00
0.
01
0.
03
0.00
Time Interval:
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time
PIE: Percentage of Observed Transitions, Expected Losses and Expected Gains from the Total Change: the Wetland category during two time intervals:
1: 1985 and 19912: 1991 and 1999 23
Solid bars: Observed transition Fabric bars: Expected transition Italic numbers: Percentage of landscape
Time Interval: 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2From : Built Agriculture Range Forest Water Barren
To: Wetland
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 To : Built Agriculture Range Forest Water Barren
From: Wetland
Pe
rcen
tage
of
Tota
l Cha
nge
0.0
1 0
.03
0.0
2 0
.07
0.0
0 0.0
0
0.00
0.00
0.
04
0.
00
0.0
3
0.00 0.
00
0.
00
0.00
0.
01
0.
00
0.0
0
0.0
6
0.00 0
.00
0.00
0.
00
0.1
2
0.
00
0
.00
0.00
0.
00
0.
00
0.00
0.
00
0.0
0
0.0
1
0.
04
0.0
0
0.0
1
0.
00
0.0
0
0.0
0
0.0
3
0.00 0
.00
0.0
0
0
.00
0.
01
0.
03
0.
00
0.00
Time Interval:
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time
PIE: Percentage of Observed Transitions, Expected Losses and Expected Gains from the Total Change: the Barren category during two time intervals:
1: 1985 and 19912: 1991 and 1999 24
Solid bars: Observed transition Fabric bars: Expected transition Italic numbers: Percentage of landscape
Time Interval: 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2From : Built Agriculture Range Forest Water Wetland
To: Barren
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 To : Built Agriculture Range Forest Water Wetland
From: Barren
Pe
rcen
tage
of
Tota
l Cha
nge
0.1
3 0
.06
0.1
8 0
.09
0.0
0 0
.01
0.00
0.00
0.0
3
0.
00
0.0
7
0.0
0 0.01
0.
00 0.00
0.
01
0.
00
0.00
0.0
8
0.00
0.0
3
0.00
0.
02
0.0
0
0.
03
0
.02
0.00
0.
00
0.
00 0
.00
0.0 0
0.0
3
0.0
3
0.
04
0.0
0
0.
0 2
0.0
1
0.0
0 0.0
0
0.0
3
0.00 0
.00
0.0
0
0.00
0.
00
0.
03
0.0
0 0.
00
Time Interval:
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time
Matrix showing Stationarity in losing:Green shadows means observed transitions are either higher or lower than expected losses in both time intervals Red shadows means observed transitions are higher than expected losses during one time interval while lower in
the other
25
To To To To To To To
Built Agriculture Range Forest Water Wetland Barren
From Built
From Agriculture
From Range
From Forest
From Water
From Wetland
From Barren
Stationary (observed > expected) Non-Stationary (1st interval: active, 2nd interval resistance)
Stationary (observed < expected) Non-Stationary (1st interval: resistance 2nd interval active)
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time
Matrix showing Stationarity in gaining:Green shadows means observed transitions are either higher or lower than expected gains in both time intervals Red shadows means observed transitions are higher than expected losses during one time interval while lower in
the other
26
To To To To To To To
Built Agriculture Range Forest Water Wetland Barren
From Built
From Agriculture
From Range
From Forest
From Water
From Wetland
From Barren
Stationary (observed > expected) Non-Stationary (1st interval: active, 2nd interval resistance)
Stationary (observed < expected) Non-Stationary (1st interval: resistance 2nd interval active)
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time
Matrix showing the overall evidence of Stationarity:Green means transitions are consistence in losing and gaining in both time intervals
Red means transitions are not consistence; neither in gains nor in losses over timeYellow shadows means transitions are consistence either in gains or in losses
27
To To To To To To To
Built Agriculture Range Forest Water Wetland Barren
From Built
From Agriculture
From Range
From Forest
From Water
From Wetland
From Barren
Stationary in bothGains and Losses
Non-Stationary inboth Gains and Losses
Stationary in Losses only
Stationaryin Gains only
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time
28
1985-1991 transitions 1991-1999 transitions
Stationary over time
Non-Stationary over time
Stationary either in gains or losses
Persistence
PIE: Evidence of Stationarity over time
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time
29
• The cross-tabulation matrices serve as the basis for identifying Stationarity of transitions among land categories over time.
• Length of time interval plays an important role in our assessment.
• Examining matrices for the Plum Island Ecosystems site show that:• Most of the change is associated with the Forest and Built categories, due in part to the
fact that these two are the largest categories among the three times• When Built gains, it is inclined to gain from Agriculture and Range systematically in
both time intervals and is disinclined to gain from Wetland systematically. In the first time interval, when built gains, it targets forest slightly. In the second time interval, when built gains, it avoids forest slightly.
• When Forest loses, it is inclined to lose to Built systematically in both time intervals. Forest is disinclined to lose to all other categories, especially Wetland.
• When Built loses, it is inclined to lose to Forest slightly in the first time and systematically in the second time interval. Built is disinclined to lose to all other categories, especially Wetland.
• When Forest gains, it is disinclined to gain from Built slightly in the first time and inclined to gain from Built systematically in the second time interval.
• There is no Stationarity in the transitions from Built to Forest as Built loses systematically to Forest only during the second time interval.
• Losses from Forest to Built are stationary while Gains in Built from Forest are not stationary.
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time
30
Major Points
• We examine transitions of land categories from three points in time to test the Stationarity of transitions.
• We use Cross-tabulation matrices for the Plum Island Ecosystems site
• Computer code has been created to automate this analysis
31
Identifying Stationarity of Transitions Among Land Categories Over Time