Sequenzstratigraphie – Grundlagen

Graphic Correlation:Mann, K. O. and Lane, H. R. (1995): Graphic Correlation.- SEPM Special Publication No. 53, 263 pp.

Literaturempfehlung für Sequenzstratigraphiesehr gute, einfache Übersichten: Peter W. Homewood, Pierre Mauriaud & Francois Lafont (2000) : Best practices in sequence Stratigraphy. For explorationists and reservoir engineers. – Elf EP Editions, Memoire 25, 81 pp. (im Netz unter Goggle als Kopie verfügbar)

Posamentier, Henry W. & George P. Allen (1999): Siliciclastic Sequence Stratigraphy - Concepts and Applications.-Society of Economic Petrologists and Paleontologists, Concepts in Sedimentology and Paleontology, No 7, 210 pp.

Catuneanu, Octavian; Abreu, V.; Bhattacharya, J. P.; Blum, M. D.; Dalrymple, R. W.; Eriksson, P. G.; Fielding, Christopher R.; Fisher, W. L.; Galloway, W. E.; Gibling, M. R.; Giles, K. A.; Holbrook, J. M.; Jordan, R.; Kendall, C. G. St.C.; Macurda, B.;Martinsen, O. J.; Miall, A. D.; Neal, J. E.; Nummedal, D.; Pomar, L.; Posamentier, H. W.; Pratt, B. R.; Sarg, J. F.; Shanley, K. W.;Steel, R. J.; Strasser, A.;Tucker, M. E.; and Winker, C. (2009): "Towards the Standardization of Sequence Stratigraphy“,Papers in the Earth and Atmospheric Sciences. Paper 238, pp. 1–33; doi: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2008.10.003

ausführlichere Standardwerke:Miall, A. D. (1997): The geology of stratigraphic sequences.- Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 433 pp.Miall, A. D. (2000): Principles of Sedimentary Basin Analysis.- Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Heidelberg, 616 pp.Catuneanu, O. (2006): Principles of Sequence Stratigraphy.- Elsevier, 375 pp.Wilgus, C. K., Hastings, B. S., Kendall, C. G. S. C., Posamentier, H. W., Ross, C. A. and Van Wagoner, J. C. (1988): Sea-level changes: an intergrated approch. SEPM, Special Publication No. 42, 407 pp.

Im web verfügbare Sequence Stratigraphy Lectures: (mehr oder weniger gut – aber tolle Bilder)http://sepmstrata.org/Power-Point-Lectures/Seq-Strat-Lectures.html

Typen von Diskordanzen – englischer SprachgebrauchAn unconformity is a buried erosional or non-depositional surface separating two rock masses or strata of different ages, indicating that sediment deposition was not continuous.

An angular unconformity is an unconformity where horizontally parallel strata of sedimentary rock are deposited on tilted and eroded layers, producing an angular discordance with the overlying horizontal layers. The whole sequence may later be deformed and tilted by further orogenic activity.

A disconformity is an unconformity between parallel layers of sedimentary rocks which represents a period of erosion or non-deposition.[3] Disconformities are marked by features of subaerial erosion. This type of erosion can leave channels and paleosols in the rock record.

A nonconformity exists between sedimentary rocks and metamorphic or igneous rocks when the sedimentary rock lies above and was deposited on the pre-existing and eroded metamorphic or igneous rock. Namely, if the rock below the break is igneous or has lost its bedding by metamorphism, the plane of juncture is a nonconformity.[6]

A paraconformity is a type of unconformity in which strata are parallel; there is little apparent erosion and the unconformity surface resembles a simple bedding plane. It is also called nondepositional unconformity or pseudoconformity.

Angular unconformity

Disconformity

Nonconformity

Paraconformity

Angular unconformity – Winkeldiskordanz und Strukturdiskordanz zwischen variskisch gefaltetem Unterkarbon (Kulm – Tubidit-Sequenzen) und transgressiv auflagerndem späten Perm (Zechstein-Karbonate mit Productiden); Kirchberg in Schwaara bei Gera

variscisches Grundgebirgebasement

post-variscisches Tafeldeckgebirgeplatform

Arizona – Grand Canyon – the “Great Unconformity” = angular unconformity

Arizona – Grand Canyon the “Great Unconformity” zwischen Praekambrium und Kambrium

angular unconformity

disconformity

„Great unconformity“ Grand Canyon

Permian ProfileHermit Shale – WHITE 1927, Typ-Lokalität von Scoyenia, Supaia, Hyloidichnus…

Hermit Shale

Supaia-Group

Coconino Dünensandstein

Kaibab Kalkstein

Hermit Shale – WHITE 1927, Typ-Lokalität von Scoyenia, Supaia, Hyloidichnus…- Füllung von Paläo-Tälern ? eine Diskonformität

Arizona – Grand Canyon, mariner Kaibab Kalkstein und Coconino Dünensandstein, Perm

Arizona – Grand Canyon, Auflagerung Coconino sandstone auf Hermit shale- paraconform?

Angular unconfomity –Triassic T3 on Permian T2, Argana basin

Tal der Heiligen Reiser, Hettstedt bei Eisleben, Saale-Senke, Typ-Lokalität „Saalische Phase“Eisleben-Fm., spätes Perm, Winkeldiskordanz und Strukturdiskordanz

Eisleben-Fm., Late Permian

Mansfeld-Subgroup, Late Pennsylvanian

Disconformity - Werderbruch bei Rothenburg/Saale, erosive Auflagerung der Siebigerode-Fm. auf Rothenburg-Fm.

Disconformity – erosive Auflagerung des marinenZechstein-Transgressionskonglomerates auf Oberrotliegend kontinentalen Klastiten; Merzenberg (Schiefergasse) bei Gera

Schneider 1986, unpubl.Rotliegend

Grauliegend

Z-Konglomerat

Transgressiv System Tract

klassischer Aufschluß Gera-Milbitz, Schiefergasseam Merzenberg

Z1-Karbonat Productus-Bank

Kupferschiefer

Eisleben-Fm., Z-Konglomerat, Kupferschiefer, Werra-Karbonat

Transgressiv system tract – Bahneinschnitt Blankenheim bei Mansfeld

Eisleben-Fm.

Z-Basissedimente

Kupferschiefer

Eisleben-Fm.

Z-Basissedimente

Kupferschiefer

maximum flooding surface = Kupferschiefer

Carizzo Arroyo, New Mexico – sequence boundary – Bursum / Abo Formation

Auflagerung Abo Fm. (alluviale red beds) auf Bursum Fm. (near shore shallow marine)

Bursum / Abo Fm. – Hiatus oder nicht?

Base level - Definition

Base level is the surface to which sediment accumulation fills up to or erodes down to and is related to continental erosion. It is a dynamic surface controlled by erosion, sediment deposition, tectonic movement and eustasy.

Commonly base level is equated to relative sea level position, but it can be related to the water surface of lakes and/or local equilibrium surfaces associated with river systems. Unless indicated otherwise base level will be equated to relative sea level position, and so the base level of depositional settings is thus controlled by a combination of eustasy and tectonic movement.

Accommodation is defined by Jervey (1998) as "the space available for potential sediment accumulation". This space is the combined product of movement of: the sea surface (eustasy: global sea level measured from a datum such as the center of earth) the sea floor (tectonics) changes in rates of sediment accumulation.

incised valley – kontinental: Souss basin, Marocco

Permian palaeo-valley in Stephanian sediments, Oued Issène canyon near Taghzout

Ait Driss Mb., Ikakern Fm.M.-L. Permian