Sericulture & Silk

Loukya MedaVII ‘D’

Silk

• CULTIVATION AND MANUFACTURE OF SILK IS KNOWN AS SERICULTURE

• SILK ORIGINATED IN 2600 BC

• SILK IS A NATURAL PROTEIN FIBER OBTAINED FROM THE COCOONS OF SILKWORM

• IT IS A NATURAL FILAMENT FIBER

• BEST QUALITY OF SILK – CHINA

• SILK PROTEIN IS CALLED FIBROIN

• SILK GUM IS CALLED SERICIN

Silk WormIN INDIA SILK IS OBTAINED FROM DIFFERENT SPECIES OF SILKWORM

MULBERRY SILK - BOMBYX MORI LMUGA SILK - ANTHERAEA ASSAMENSISERI SILK - SAMIA RICINI AND PHILOSAMIA RICINITUSSAR SILK - ANTHERAEA MYLITTE DURY

ERI SILK

MUGA SILKTUSSAR SILK

MULBERRY SILK

Silk Cloth

Silk Manufacture

Cocoon Cultivation

Softening the Seracin Reeling the Filament

Sorting Cocoons

Throwing

Degumming of Thrown Silk

Filature Operation

CULTIVATIONLIFE CYCLE OF A SILK WORM

SORTING - Sorting Cocoons is theprocess in which cocoons are firstsorted according to color, size shapeand texture. Cocoon from China arewhite, Japanese cocoons are creamywhite and yellow and Italian cocoonsare yellow.

Filature Operation

The different operation are:

• Sorting Cocoons• Softening the sericin• Reeling the filament

The Cocoons are delivered to the factory called Filature for different process to unwind the silk.

CHINA JAPANESE ITALIAN

Softening the Sericin is the process inwhich cocoons are heated in boilingwater to soften the gummy substancethat holds the cocoon filament. Rawsilk consist of about 80% fibroin and20% Sericin.

FILATURE OPERATION Softening and Reeling

Reeling the Filament is the process ofunwinding the filament from thecocoon• Silk filaments are unwound in the

reel and combined together to makethread of raw silk.

• The filaments from 4 to 8 cocoonsare joined.

• The resulting is called raw silk,which is consists usually of 48individual silk fiber.

• The sericin acts as adhesive inholding the several filaments.

• The length of the reeled filament isapproximately a quarter of mile

• `Twisting one or more threads of raw silk into a strand sufficientlystrong for weaving or knitting

• Raw silk skeins are sorted according to size, color and length or quality• It is then soaked in warm water with soap and oil• After mechanical drying the skeins are wound on bobbins• During this winding, single strands may be given any desired amount of

twist• If two or more yarns are to be doubled, they are twisted again in same

direction

Throwing Process

Degumming

involves putting thrown silkyarn through final soapbath to remove the sericin.This process brings out thenatural luster and soft feelof the silk. 25% of theweight is lost by thisprocess. Afterdegumming, the silk fiberis creamy white and lessstiff

Degumming Of Thrown Silk

WEAVING AND DYEING

Weaving is an operation which creates a

fabric by interlacing the wrap yarns

(lengthwise) and the weftyarns. Weaving is carried out on looms.

Dyeing is the process of adding colorto silk fibers, yarns,and fabrics. Dyeing is normally donein aspecial solution containing dyes andparticular chemical material. Afterdyeing, dye molecules haveuncut chemical bond with fibermolecules. The temperature and timecontrolling are two key factors indyeing.