UNIT 2

“QUANTIFIERS (How much / How Many)Prepositions of Place”

Count nouns &

An egg →eggs

A sandwich → sandwiches

A memory stick → memory sticks

Noncount nouns

Bread

Lettuce

Count & Noncount

● La principal diferencia entre los nombres contables y no contables es si hacen referencia o no a las cosas que se pueden contar.

Count

● Se refieren a las cosas que se pueden dividir en unidades mas pequeñas que son independientes y distintos unos de otros.

table chair finger bottle

Noncount

● Se refieren a cosas que no se pueden contar, pero se consideran como un todo que no pueden ser divididos en partes.

● A menudo se refieren a abstracciones y de vez en cuando tienen un significado colectivo.

Quantifiers

Usamos los “quantifiers” cuando queremos dar información acerca del numero de alguna cosa: “how much or how many”.

● Most children start school at the age of five.● We ate some bread and butter.● We saw lots of birds.

Usamos los “quantifiers” con ambos tipos de nombres:

● Contables● No Contables

● All ● More● Any● Most● Enough● No

● Less

● None of

● A lot of

● Some

● Lots of

There is / There are

● Is there any money in the account? / ¿Hay dinero en la cuenta?● There isn't any money in the account. / No hay dinero en la

cuenta.

SOME y ANY =algún/alguna y algunos/algunas ( una cantidad indeterminada de algo), pero no siempre se traducen.

● THERE IS va seguido de sustantivo en singular.● THERE ARE de sustantivo en plural pero.

Los dos significan HAY.

Count

Do we need any eggs?

● Yes. Let's get some (eggs).

● No. We don't need any (eggs).

Noncount

Do we need any bread?

● Yes. Let's get some (bread).

● No. We don't need any (bread).

Yes / No Questions

Do / Does + + verb + any / some + C +?

● Do we need any eggs?● Does Mariana want some books? ● Do they eat any of this lasagna?

SOME● Se usa en las oraciones que están en forma

afirmativa.● Se usa con sustantivos en singular o en plural.● Se puede usar en preguntas donde se

espera una respuesta afirmativa.

a) There are some bananas in the fridge.

b) There is some milk in the fridge.

● Do we need any eggs?

A= Yes, we need some eggs.

● Does Mariana want some books?

A= Yes, She wants two or three.

POSITIVE SENTENCES

● There is some food in the refrigerator. (noncount)

● There are some grapes in the fridge. (count)

● Is there some food in the refrigerator? (noncount)

● Are there some grapes in the fridge? (count)

ESTRUCTURA +

There + is / are + some + + C

● There is some food in the fridge.● There are some kids in the garden.● There is some flowers in the vase flower.

ESTRUCTURA +

Are / Is + there + some + + C + ?

● Are there some grapes in the fridge?● Is there some notebook on the desk?● Are there some Cd's in my bag?

ESTRUCTURA +

There + is / are + some + + C

● There is some food in the fridge.● There are some kids in the garden.● There is some flowers in the vase flower.

ANY

● ANY es el equivalente de SOME en las preguntas y en las oraciones en forma negativa.

a) There isn't any apple in the table.

b) Are there any grapes in the table?

NEGATIVE SENTENCES

● There isn't any milk in the refrigerator. (NC)

● I doubt that any milk is in the refrigerator. (NC)

● There aren't any snacks in the refrigerator. (C)

● Are there any snacks in the refrigerator? (C)

ESTRUCTURA

There + isn't / aren't + any + + C

● There isn't any milk in the refrigerator.● There aren't any windows in your room.● There isn't any picture in your office.

ESTRUCTURA

Are / Is + there + any + + C + ?

● Are there any snacks in the refrigerator?● Is there any dress in your closet?● Are there any earings in your night table?

Quantifiers

● Los usamos cuando necesitamos dar información acerca del numero de cosas sobre las que estamos hablando, las mas comunes son how much or how many.

● Most children start school at the age of five.● We ate some bread and butter.● We saw lots of birds.

Quantifiers usados tanto con nombre contables como no contables

● All● More● Any● Most● Enough● No

● Less● None of● A lot of● Some● Lots of

Quantifiers usados solo con nombres contables

● Both● Each● Either● A Few

● Fewer● Neither● Several

We have just a few medicines

Quantifiers usados solo con nombres no contables

● A Little● (not) much● A bit of

Alicia needs a little milk to make a cake.

I like to eat a bit of that cake.

MANY

● Usamos “many” con nombres contables en plural para indicar el numero de cosas de las que hablamos.

● Usado en oraciones negativas o preguntas.

EJEMPLOS

● Not many snacks are in the refrigerator.

● Are there many snacks in the refrigerator?

MUCH

● Usamos “much” con nombres no contables para indicar que de que cantidad estamos hablando.

● Usado en oraciones negativas o preguntas.

EJEMPLOS

● Not much food is in the

refrigerator.

● Is there much food in the

refrigerator?

PREPOSITIONS OF

PLACE

Preposiciones de Lugar

● Se colocan detrás del verbo principal, que suele ser el verbo "to be" en cualquiera de los tiempos pasados, presentes o futuros y en sus formas tanto simples como compuestas.

Article + + to be + Prep. + Comp.

The dog is under the table.

The vase flower is on the table.

Next to

Tanto "next to" como "beside" se pueden utilizar indistintamente.

● The supermarket is next to (beside) the bank.

● Sit next to (beside) me.

By

Se puede utilizar en los mismos contextos que "next to" pero el significado de "by" es más como "cerca".

● I sit by the window.

● Our house is by the river.

Between

Significado: entre

● The shop is between the bank and the train station.

● She is standing between Peter and John.

Behind

Significado: detrás de

● The church is behind the school.

● He is standing behind you.

In Front Of Vs Opposite

In Front Of: contrario, en frente de, opuesto, delante de

Usos: La diferencia entre estas preposiciones la notamos cuando estamos hablando de personas, "in front of" no implica estar delante y cara a cara, en cambio "opposite" significa delante y cara a cara.

● The hotel is in front of the station. ● The bank is opposite the market. ● Laura is standing in front of you. ● She is sitting opposite me.

In Front Of Vs Opposite

In Front Of: contrario, en frente de, opuesto, delante de

Usos: La diferencia entre estas preposiciones la notamos cuando estamos hablando de personas, "in front of" no implica estar delante y cara a cara, en cambio "opposite" significa delante y cara a cara.

● The hotel is in front of the station. ● The bank is opposite the market. ● Laura is standing in front of you. ● She is sitting opposite me.

Under

Significado: debajo de

● The ball is under the chair.

● The dog is under the tree.

Above

Significado: por encima sin tocar

● The clock is above the table.

● Nota: La traducción literal puede llevar a confusión cuando la traducimos, ya que en español diríamos: "el reloj está colgado en la pared." Si quisiéramos especificar diríamos: "y por debajo en la misma pared está apoyada la mesa."

Below

Significado: por debajo sin tocar

● The table is below the clock.

● Nota: Como en el caso anterior, la traducción literal de "below" puede llevar a confusión. En este caso diríamos que la mesa está apoyada en la misma pared en la que se encuentra el reloj colgado un poco más arriba.