sess09 01 haverkortm, van koesveld, ntizo, wustman & zhang – on the road to potato processing...
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On the road to potato processing in African tropical highlands
Anton Haverkort, Gebremedhin WoldegiorgisFlip van Koesveld, Senkesha Ntizo, Romke Wustman, Xiaoyong Zhang
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Occurrence of potato processing in Africa
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Ocurrence of potato in Africa
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Potato processing: types of products
Processed products:
- Starch- Flour/flakes- Peeled- Peeled and cut- Peeled, cut, blanched- Baby potatoes- Frozen fries- Chilled fries- Crisps (chips)
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Potato processing: starting in a country
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French fries from Small food stores
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“Processing” in Rwanda: sorting, grading, washing packing
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Potato processing: Cottage industry
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Local charm Cruza 148’s blue ring
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Typical consumers from small food stores
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Imported Chips
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Imported Mashed Potatoes
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Potatoes are ........
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Potatoes are GEMS
P = G x E x M x S
Performance = Genotype xEnvironment x
Management xSociety
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Some potato facts of 2 countries
Rwanda Ethiopia
Area ha 160,000 200,000
Yield t/ha 12.5 10.0
Production t 2 million 2 million
Per capita consumption kg
133 20
Industrial processing 0 0
Main varieties Kinigi, Kigega, Cruza, Mabondo
Gudene, Jalene, Balete
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The weather at Rwanda potato site
Kinigi2300 masl
Tmax(0C)
Tmin(0C)
Daily radiation (MJ/m2)
Precipitation (mm/month)
ETP(mm/month)
Jan 20,6 10,6 12,1 50,0 81,0
Feb 20,2 10,5 12,2 120,0 83,0
March 19,9 10,4 12,3 210,0 62,0
April 20,6 10,3 10,1 280,0 59,0
May 20,2 10,6 11,0 205,0 60,0
June 19,9 10,4 11,9 78,0 64,0
July 20,0 10,2 12,0 61,0 67,0
Aug 19,6 11,0 13,3 70,0 65,0
Sep 20,2 10,6 13,3 91,0 73,0
Oct 20,2 10,1 12,8 185,0 77,0
Nov 20,7 10,0 12,1 230,0 76,0
Dec 20,8 9,0 12,6 142,0 79,0
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The weather at Ethiopian potato site
Addis 2500 masl
Tmax(°C)
Tmin(°C)
Solar radiation (MJ/m²/d)
Rainfall mm/month
ETP mm/month
Jan 23 7 21.20 20 78Feb 24 8 22.60 30 79March 25 10 22.70 80 84Apr 24 11 23.60 95 83May 23 11 23.10 55 80June 23 11 20.40 100 70July 20 10 18.60 245 60Aug 20 10 18.40 265 50Sept 21 10 20.70 120 150October 22 8 22.80 45 30November 23 7 22.60 10 15.0
December 23 7 21.50 12 14.0
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Modeling results Rwanda
Characteristic modelledKinigi 2300 maslApril 1 – August 1
Musanze 900 maslApril 1- July 10
Growing period (days) 122 100
Days between planting and emergence 13 12
Days between emergence and 100% ground cover
42 37
Days between 100% ground cover and harvest
67 51
DM tuber yield (ton DM/ha) 9.7 10.7
Attainable fresh tuber yield at 20 % dry matter
48.5 53.5
Precipitation between planting and harvest 610 311
ETP between planting and harvest 184 181
Accumulated precipitation deficit (mm) 3 130
Irrigation need (mm) 13 50
Irrigation need per ton fresh potato (mm) 0.27 0.98
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Modeling results EthiopiaCharacteristic modelled
BelgShort rains15/3-5/7
Meher Long rains1/6-20/9
Winter Dry1/12-20/3
Growing period (days) 112 110 109Days between planting and emergence 14 15 14Days between emergence and 100% ground cover 37 41 36Days between 100% ground cover and harvest 61 54 59DM tuber yield (ton DM/ha) 16.4 13.5 12.3Attainable fresh tuber yield (ton/ha) 73.8 60.9 55.5Soil field capacity (mm water / m soil) 120 120 120Irrigation point (mm water / m soil) 100 100 100Precipitation between planting and harvest 337 676 112ETP between planting and harvest 198 194 197Accumulated precipitation deficit (mm) 13 5 94Soil water reserve (mm) 8 8 8Irrigation need mm/season 5 -3 86Irrigation need per ton fresh potato (mm) 0.14 0 3.0
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Price setting of potato
USD/kg Rwanda EthiopiaDry season
Ethiopia Rainy season
Production costs at actual yield
0.122 0.102
Farm gate price 0.215 0.241 0.134
Collectors 0.223 0.251 0.144
Wholesale price USD/kg 0.261 0.267 0.160
Retail in capital USD/kg 0.277 0.294 0.187
Consumer USD/kg 0.308 0.320 0.194
Storage Not profitable
Not profitable
Profitable (in soil)
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Recovery 50 %:1 kg Potatoes = 0.5 kg French FriesRaw material:100 ha x 15 T/ha = 1.500 T processing potatoes750 t French fries for the market in the 1st yearVegetable oil content 5-7 % (crisps: 30%)Investment processing line: >1.3 M USD (modules) 100 ha of production requires 250 t of seedOrganize seed, contracts storageWaste (water)Farmers’skills
Some business deliberations
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Frozen potato products and raw material for crisps have become global commodities
To be competitive farm gate price less than 150 USD per ton; availabilit year-round
Yields should be at least 25 t/ha in e.g. Rwanda andEthiopia
Meeting specs: colour, L/W, DMC, Reducing sugars(McFry?)
Ethiopia or Rwanda ? Consider yields, sunshine, irrigation, storage and size of the market (capital)
Competitiveness of raw material in Africa
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Remember:
Thank you
Last slide
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