session 1 (handayani) - sp and spi

8/13/2019 Session 1 (Handayani) - SP and SPI

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What is Social Protection

and why is it important?

Sri Wening HandayaniPrincipal Social Development Specialist

Asian Development Bank

14 May 2013

Capacity Development Workshop on Measuring Social Protection

Jakarta, Indonesia


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I. Background

II. What Social Protection Is

III. Why Social Protection Is Important

IV. Why Monitoring and Evaluating SP

Programs is Important


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Background

The Asian and Pacific region has more thanhalf of the worlds population.

Of the total 3.6 billion, 900 million are poor

(30%) and 1.5 billion are children and youth.

Main development challenges: (i) to achieve

sufficient sustainable growth; and (ii) to

secure the inclusion of the poor and young

new entrants in the development process But, growth alone is not a sufficient condition

for generating inclusive society.

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Social Risks

Populations, households, and individuals face

various risks.

There is a need to reduce their vulnerability

and to cope with effects when shocks occur. Risks may include natural disaster, civil

conflicts, economic downturn.

Idiosyncratic household reversal such as

illness, death, accident, disability, and old agethreatening the future of the household and its

members.

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Social Protection

Social protection programs are built primarilyto mitigate the impacts of shocks or to helppeople cope with risks.

ADB has developed a definition of socialprotection in line with ADBs overarching goalof reducing poverty and inclusive growth.

ADB defines social protection as a set of

policies and programs designed to reducepoverty and vulnerability by promotingefficient labor markets, diminishing peoplesexposure to risks, and enhancing theircapacity to protect themselves againsthazards and interruption/loss of income

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Social Protection Categories

Social insurance

contributory schemessuch as health insurance, pensions, and

unemployment insurance

Social assistance

unrequited transfers togroups, e.g., cash or in-kind transfers, child

welfare, assistance to the elderly, health

assistance, disability benefits, and disaster

relief.Active labor market programs skills

development and training programs, and

special work programs such as cash- or

food-for-work programs 6


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Why Social Protection is Important for

Asia and the Pacific?

Social protection has become important in all countries of

Asia and the Pacific.

Investments in it help to reduce poverty and vulnerability,

promoting inclusive growth and mitigating extreme poverty

through redistribution of resources.

They also help households to invest in their future andmanage risks.

Developing countries in Asia and the Pacific increasingly

recognize the need to improve design and delivery of

social protection to better target poor and marginalized

groups.

Innovations in social assistance, social insurance, and

labor programs are slowly coming through but budget

support is lacking.

Legal provisions and accountability mechanisms have yetto be integrated into most of these programs. 7


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What is the Characteristic of Social

Protection in Asia and the Pacific?

Most countries have some form of institutionalizedsocial protection system, but often these programs

are ineffective due to:

Limited coverage, serving only a portion of the

formal sectoroften the wealthiest segments ofsociety;

Insufficient funds, incorrectly distributed among

programs;

Inadequate instruments, often copied fromdeveloped countries but not appropriate to serve

specific in-country needs; and

Factors restricting access to statutory social

protection schemes, such as legal restriction,

administrative bottlenecks, and problems with 8


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What is the Strategy to Expand or

Reform Social Protection?

Given the broad variety of priorities and possibleinterventions, it is important to set the

parameters:

Investment based on the principles of reducing

poverty and vulnerability;

Strengthening country focus;

Enhancing strategic alliances and partnerships

with development agencies, private sector, andcivil society; and

Taking medium-/long-term approach to

promote effective social protection system.

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How to Select Right

Interventions?

The selection of interventions willrequire an evaluation of:

the country needs,

available resources,

institutional capacity, and

the political economy of reform.

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What are the Principles to Design Social

Protection Programs?

Once a set of specific social protection

interventions has been chosen, project design

should attend to the following principles:

coverage; targeting of vulnerable population groups

and gender issues;

sustainability, good governance, and

optimal delivery mechanism; and

integrated approach to social protection.

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Why Monitoring and Evaluating Social

Protection Programs is Important?

A monitoring system is essential to supply informationabout how well a program is working so that action can

be taken to improve it.

The Asian Development Bank and its partners

developed a social protection index (SPI) in 2005,subsequently revised.

The SPI enables in-depth analysis of social protection

at country and regional levels, and aims to capture

adequacy of social protection by looking at programs

expenditures, coverage, distribution, and impact. With uniformity in metrics and methods, the SPI can be

used as a benchmark to improve social protection in

countries, through better design, coverage, gender

equity, and poverty targeting.

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Policy Relevance and Its

Implications Monitoring and evaluation protocols are crucial to

facilitate improvements in government effectiveness.

Rigorous monitoring and impact evaluations that

produced hard evidence have been important for the

spread of SP programs. Government agencies responsible for poverty reduction

efforts have a duty to ensure programs are effective,

based on existing knowledge, and have established

processes to learn lessons from their implementation.

Monitoring and impact evaluation systems are valuableboth for insight into particular SP programs, and for the

influence they can have on their replicability.

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Thank you.

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session 1 (handayani) - sp and spi

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