Basic Copy Cataloging (Books)Prepared by Lynnette Fields, Lori Murphy, Kathy Nystrom, Shelley Stoneas an LSTA grantFunding for this grant was awarded by the Illinois State Library (ISL), a Division of the Office of the Secretary of State, using funds provided by the Institute of Museum and Library Service (IMLS), under the Federal Library Services and Technology Act (LSTA).

Session 11: Subject Analysis through ClassificationDewey Decimal classification organization & principlesLibrary of Congress classification organization & principles

How Do Books Get Organized on the Shelf?Thats the job of classification numbers

Lets Look at Dewey First

This is going to be a little hard to do without the DDC books here.How many of you use Dewey? Are you familiar with the DDC schedules?

Then Lets

What you might find on some Dewey shelves See any problems?

Plus the 000s for generalities

Characteristics of Dewey4 v.: tables (1), schedules (2-3), index (4)Note manual (1) & intro (1)10 classes = decimal basisHierarchical, from general to specificAdding number segments adds meaning & specificitySummaries & carets [ < ]in margins

Basic Premise of Deweyaccording to Arlene TaylorNo one class for any given subjectPrimary arrangement is by disciplineAny specific topic may appear in any number of disciplinesVarious aspects of such a topic are usually brought together in the relative indexBase classification number on discipline for which work was intended

Organization of the IndexCross referencesT numbers (tables)Spacing of long numbersDirection to different DDC numbers for different aspects of a topicSome built numbers (which include bicycles & adopted children)

Deweys Index

Some DDC Class Numbers Pertaining to the Family173Ethics of family relationships241.63Christian family ethics296.4Religious family rites, etc.304.666Family planning306.8Marriage and family362.82Families with specific problems392.3Dwelling places616.89156Family psychotherapy796.0191Sports for families929.2Family histories

Classification Number StructureMost:Discipline (0-9) subject subdivision geographic &/time period form of presentation (T1)641.5/942/Literature and language:Discipline original language form period of compositionGeneralities (dictionaries, encyclopedias, library science):Form language or place

641.5/942/05851./1038./81

Some Important Ways to Understand DDCRead summaries throughout schedules, especially 800 & 810; T3 & T3ANote references to ManualRead scope notesConcepts: base numbers, built numbers, period numbers, segmentation, footnotes

Some DefinitionsBase number = number you add to, when directed by schedule or when adding from tablesBuilt number = number not directly available in schedule, but already built for you in the indexPeriod number = segment sometimes available to be added, indicating time periodSegmentation = logical break points to make a classification number shorter; indicated by / in OCLC & by in CIP

Bicycles in DDC Index(Built Number)

Base Number Directions

Tables: General InfoT1 = standard subdivisions, -01-09Use for all classesT2 = geographic table, -1-9Use when told to, orUse after standard subdivision, -09T3 = literatures, 3A, B, CUse with base number of asterisked class numbers, 810-890

Tables: General Info, contdT4 = individual languages (analysis of)Use with base number of asterisked class numbers, 420-490T5 = racial, ethnic, national aspectsUse when told to, orUse after standard subdivision, -089T6 = languages (items in other langs.)Use when told to

Table 1 382.41/0973/01

Some Oddities to NoteT1 explanations at various spots:501[no note or explanation]510.1[no note or explanation]658.001[in summary + examples]025.001[in note + summary]

Terminal 0s at main class (600) or division (680) act as space fillers unless otherwise noted

WebDewey, with Directions

Dewey Call Number Structure[Location info]REF*Classification number026.5Author notation or cutterD56i+ work mark maybeDate1988[Vol. no.]v. 3[Copy no.]c. 2

* decimal point between 3rd & 4th digits[ ] = optional components

Steps to Follow When Assigning Dewey Call NumbersUse index for subject & possible built numbersALWAYS look up index number in schedules for further direction/ explanationUse tables to add to number, if directed or desired

Some DontsDont combine more than one standard subdivision (T1) unless specifically told toFollow precedence tables when doing soDont add standard subdivision, if redundant, e.g., adding -09+ to 973

Clues to Look for in MARC Bibs for DDC Currency

Fixed field entered dateFixed field descrules appliedAlways look for a [AACR2 + ISBD]ISBD punctuation or not040Who created record?Usually prefer DLC [Library of Congress]082 or 092 $2DDC edition used

Now that you know all about Dewey , well look at LCC

How many of you use Library of Congress classification?

Are you familiar with the schedules?

A - General works B - Philosophy C - Auxiliary sciences of history D - History (general) E-F - History (Americas) G - Geography H - Social sciences J - Political science K - Law L - Education M - Music N - Visual arts P - Language and literature Q - Science R - Medicine S - Agriculture T - Technology U - Military science V - Naval science Z - Bibliography; library science

Library of Congress Classification21 classes in ~40 separate schedulesEach has own index--no cumulative All classes except E-F have subclassesKept current with additions & changes, new schedules, reprint/cumulative/ revised editions Main entry notation: LCC cutters

Many gaps for future expansionNot consistently hierarchicalLC can add schedule cutters for specific subjects, for expansion

How LCC Might Appear

Read call numbers line by lineLB Read the first line in alphabetical order: A, B, BF, C, D... L, LA, LB, LC, M, ML...2395 Read the second line as a whole number: 1, 2, 3, 45, 100, 101.5, 1000, 2000, 2430....C65 The third line is a combination of a letter and numbers. Read the letter alphabetically. Read the number as a decimal, e.g.: .C65 = .65 .C724 = .724

Some call numbers have more than one combination letter-number line1991 The last line is the year the book was published. Read in chronological order: 1985, 1991, 1992...

Here is a shelf of books with the call number order explained

For Majority of SubjectsForm, period, geographical, & topical subdivisions are indicated by different classification numbers in schedules, with few additional tablesExceptions: Law (K), Social Sciences (H), Literature (P), Fine Arts (N)

Other subjects may have small tables included near topic, with footnoted directions

Frequently Used TablesRegions & countries in 1 alphabetStates & Canadian provinces Author tables [P table schedule]Form subdivisions [K schedule]Biography tableTranslation/edition table

Common DirectionsDirections for By region or country, A-Z, e.g., Witchcraft in AlabamaBF1577Witchcraft, by region or country, A-Z.A2AlabamaS5main entry cutter1961publication date

Cutter breakdown in some schedules, e.g., HD9213, Salt industry:

.A1A-ZPeriodicals, societies, etc.; will have 2 cutters.A2A-ZGeneral works; will have single cutter

HD9213.A1 T3 1999Periodical about Taiwans salt industry, with title beginning with T

HD9213.J6 2000Book about salt industry, by Jones

LCC Call Number Structure[Location info]REFClassification numberHD8039Possible topical cutter.P3Main entry cutter [Ghastly]G63Date1988[Vol. no.]v. 3[Copy no.]c. 2

[ ] = optional components

DDC vs. LCCBiographyDDC:B, 920, 92, -092LCC:particular subset of most subject categoriesFictionDDC:823, Fic/SF/X, etc.LCC:P

DDC vs. LCCBibliographyDDC:016+ or -016 [016.796 or 796.016]LCC:Z or subject category subsetHistoryDDC:9+LCC:D, E-F, etc.GeographyDDC:91+LCC:D, E-F, etc. COMBINED with History

DDC vs. LCCDDC = additional segments are tacked on to base numberLCC = tables used to locate desired number within range of numbers; appropriate number is arithmetically added to base numberDDC call numbers use various author notationsLCC call numbers use LCs cutter chart

LCs Cutter Chart

A Little More of it

Call Numbers in MARCDDC082DDC assigned by LC1st indicator = no info or full or abridged DDC edition [blank, 0, 1]2nd indicator = assigned by LC or someone else [0, 4]$aclassification number$bmain entry cutter [rarely used for DDC]$2edition of DDC used, if 1st indicator is 0 or 1092DDC assigned by the rest of usSame 1st indicator & subfields; no 2nd indicator

Call Numbers in MARCLCC050LCC assigned by LC1st indicator = exists in LC catalog2nd indicator = assigned by LC or someone else$aclassification number$bmain entry cutter & publication date090LCC assigned by the rest of usno indicators; same subfieldsLocal free-text call numbers099Any call # type, with each part separated by $a, to format on separate lines in labels

Can we add classification to our fake books?

Four Down, One to Go!

Yeah!!! You made it!

Weve talked about classification by subject with wordsnow well talk about putting those concepts into 2 different number classification systems. Remember, you can assign enough/many subject words but only a single shelving subject number.Remember, digits after the decimal are decimalthey act like any other decimal number. If youre not quite sure when one number should come before another, extend the digits with 0s until the number of digits to the right of the decimal is the samethen compare answers. For instance, .5 extends to .500; when compared to .512, its smaller, so 591.5 shelves before 591.512.Also, 586 isnt correct for birds!An outline of the 10 main disciplines & some of the major subjects includedSome specific physical characteristics to noteOne of the nicest things about Dewey is that you can make your numbers as specific or as general as meets your needs.Abridged Dewey, in 1 vol., contains only 4 tables & much abbreviated index, schedules, & resulting classification numbers.Point #3 is true--truetrue! Therere always several good call #s to choose among If its talking about getting a job from the point of view of training, or the job market, or writing the resume--thats where you should put the itemIndex is very impt pt. of DDC. Its also the 1st place you begin a search for the right number. Well look at a printout next, but here are some impt things to note about it.

Built numbers are those in the index that are built according to directions in the schedulesSo, lets look at the indexTalk about the T numbers have to do with Table 2 they start with hyphens because they are add-onsNote the different aspects acknowledged in QuestionnairesNote the digit spaces in T numbers *&* in schedule numbersNote that, even with several-digit numbers, T numbers dont include decimals. Theres no telling at just what point theyll be added to a base number &, therefore, where the decimal will need to be.

Look at all the disciplines that relateso to speak!This is the decimal aspect of Deweygetting more specific with additional segments.641.594205 = periodical about cookery in Great Britain851.1 = Italian poetry of the early period038.81 = Danish general encyclopediaScope notes are often marked with carets in the marginsomething to watch for. You only go to the manual when directed to, but thats where youll find comparisons between or among various choices of numberspros & cons. Hierarchy tables help you decide which segment should come first, sometimes.Definitions on next screensWebDeweyYoure never told to go to T1, so you need to be very familiar with the possibilities so you can apply it whenever appropriate.Concepts that often have to do with formMost of the other tables have stringent rules for application.Table 1 can be used with almost any schedule number. Learn what its good foryoull never get directed to ityou just have to keep its concepts in mind. Note the 2-digit summary numbers; then they get added to for more specificity, such as -011.All begin with hyphens because these will only be tacked on to another numberNote the add to base number instructions. They always include an example of a number built using the instructions, too. Note segmentation in built number.You also need to become familiar with just how it gets applied to various schedule numbersthe directions differ throughout DDC. Sometimes you get explicit directionsperhaps more than one way. Other times, you extrapolate its application from examples, like at 501.The form is the least important part of the number, so sometimes you cant go straight to table 1 and add the number because they may have used that number already.Note: no summary; no note about T1 applicationonly this example, from which you extrapolate the other T1 applications503 would be dictionaries/encyclopedias about natural history/mathematicsNo summary here, either, but clear indication of just where T1 fits in at 025Explain about the work markAuthor notation could just be the first three letters of the authors last name instead of an LC cutterVolume and copy no. are optional. Copy number isnt used very much any more because most use barcodes to distinguish between copies. Dewey libraries often dont include publication date in call #, either.

Always remember T1. You can add concepts of form, class of person, geographic, etc., to almost any call number. For large collections, this adds specificity and organization. Its part of what is so neat about DDCyou can be very basic in parts of your collection, but very expansive in parts that require lots of differentiation.You also want to think about how something fits in your collection.Resumes can legit go in three different places would want to just pick one should have a local practice.Class numbers from older editions might very well have changed completely, due to DDCs habit of revising definitions of whole sections of numbers by Phoenix changes.DDC is available in complete or abridged editions + in WebDewey thru OCLC Connexion.

If older ed. shows, know that ea. edition has chart of changed numbers.

Good example of not being able to guess where LC puts a subject: Can you guess where sports would be?[answer = GVin the geography schedule ]The answer to finding an appropriate number with no cumulative index is sometimes LCSH. Dont depend on it, but use any call numbers found in LCSH as starting points. Also, you can browse subject headings in a catalogyours, OCLC, LCfor call # ideas.

LCC is available in print--all those separate vols.--& also online in ClassWeb.These are some of the differences between DDC & LCC.Spine label display differs among libraries. Spine above could be displayed as LB2396 on the top line, rather than splitting the letters from the first numbers.These decimal numbers are read just like numbers to the right of the decimal in DDCextend with 0s if in doubt as to order.Some call numbers have topical cutters *from the schedule*, as well as main entry cutters from the piece in hand.Publication dates are always included in LCC monograph numbersThese are generalities, but These arent found in every vol. H has most. A book like Chans on LCC includes them all.Refer to region/country cutter table *when told to do so.* Otherwise, geographic aspects cant be added to a call number. Cutter breakdowns sometimes allow for form distinction within a single classification number; use only when given.Some libraries might type above spine label with HD on single line; 8039 on the next line.Biographies usually go with the subject in LCC not in a separate biography area unless it is a collective biography.KF schedule often gives a range of 5, 10, 20 numbers for a single subject. The tables direct cataloger to use 1st number in range for bibliography, the 2nd for serials, etc. H schedule has similar number ranges & tables, but different directions. Rememberall LCC schedules are created & designed by different subject experts, so their organization varies.

Bottom line with either classification scheduleCHECK YOUR CATALOG FOR CONSISTENCY IN PLACEMENT! http://staff.library.mun.ca/staff/toolbox/tables/lccutter.htmRun thru a few examples. Note that all the samples on the next screen dont just fit what youd expect from this screentheyre assigned to fit into *LCs* catalog!

Hit enter key to activate!