session 2. thilsted - infant food development from small dried fish
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Using nutrient-rich local ingredients in the development of a complementary foodJessica Bogard
Shakuntala Haraksingh Thilsted
FISH FOR NUTRITION
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Outline
• Child malnutrition
• Complementary feeding
• Rationale for product
development
• Ingredients selected for CF
• Production process
• Nutrient composition of CF
• Plans for the future
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<6 6-8 9-11 12-17 18-23 24-35 36-47 48-590
10
20
30
40
50
60
Age (months)
% c
hild
ren Window of
opportunity
Child Malnutrition in Bangladesh - 2011
Moderate stunting
Severe stunting
Severe underweight
Moderate underweight
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Complementary Feeding in Bangladesh - 2011(among breastfed infants)
1. Exclusive breastfeeding from 0-6 months– >1 in 3 children are NOT exclusively breastfed
2. Meal frequency (2/day at 6-8 months, 3/day at 9-24 months)– > 1 in 3 are NOT fed the minimum number of meals per
day
3. Dietary diversity– >3 in 4 are NOT fed with appropriate dietary diversity
4. Meal frequency AND dietary diversity– Only 21%
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Challenges for Complementary Feeding in Bangladesh
• Predominantly plant-based diet
– Low in micronutrients
– High in anti-nutrients
• CFs rarely provide adequate energy and micronutrients
– Thin rice gruels/ suji
– Low in iron, zinc and calcium
• Time
• Safe storage
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Rationale for Product Development
• Rich in nutrients (iron, zinc, vitamin A, calcium)
• Made from local ingredients
• Culturally acceptable
• Low in anti-nutrients
• Hygienic and safe
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Selection of Ingredients - Rice
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Selection of Ingredients - Fish
• “Mache bhate Bengali” Fish and rice make a Bengali
• Fish most commonly eaten animal-source food across all
income groups
• Small indigenous fish are highly nutritious
• Animal-source foods enhance bioavailability of minerals
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Chanda Chapila Chikra Darkina Kaski Mola Puti Taki0
2
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8
10
12
14 Fe (mg/100g)Zn (mg/100g)Calcium (g/100g)Selection of Ingredients - Fish
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Selection of Ingredients - Orange Sweet Potato
• Vitamin A
• Fructose (natural sweetener)
• Low in anti-nutrients
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Homestead production of sweet potato
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Food processing procedure
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• Individual serve sachets (30 g)• Pictorial and written instructions:
1. Wash hands with soap2. Boil water3. Empty 1 sachet into child’s
bowl4. Mix with a little boiled water
and serve.
Packaging
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Methodology of Acceptability Trial
• Phase 1:– Food preparation demonstration– Rating of organoleptic properties (5 point hedonic scale)– Weighed record of standard food portion consumption by
infant• Phase 2:
– 7 day in-home feeding trial– Data collected at mid-week and end-of-week visits– Consumption (number of sachets consumed, shared etc)– Rating of organoleptic properties (5 point hedonic scale)– Other aspects of acceptability (ease of preparation, any
alterations to preparation instructions, any adverse reactions etc)
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Nutrient composition (100 g dry product)
15% dried darkina fish, 30% sweet potato flour,
10% soybean oil, 45% rice flour
Energy Protein Fat Iron Zinc Calcium Vit A
435 kcal 17 g 13 g 14 mg 6 mg 657 mg 348 µg
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Contribution to RDIs (%)
Energy Iron Zinc Calcium Vitamin A
1 serve per day
6-8 m 21 44 45 49 26
9-11 m 19 44 45 39 26
12-23 m 15 70 45 39 26
2 serves per day
6-8 m 42 88 91 99 52
9-11 m 38 88 91 79 52
12-23 m 29 141 91 79 78
1 serve = 30g dry powder mixed with warm water
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Comparison to Other Products
Our product Super Cereal Plus*
Pushti Packet*
Energy 434.8 410 394.7Protein 16.9 16 3.75
Fat 12.7 9 3.23Vitamin A 348.3 499 394.5Calcium 657.1 130 300
Iron 13.6 2.5 2.1Zinc 6.2 5 4.4
* Fortified with micronutrients
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Complementary Food: Market Analysis and Value Chain
Evaluating Markets -Identify “soft channels” for distribution: SAVE,
CARE, ACDI/VOCA -Evaluate number of targeted households and number of
consumers -Establish volume needed of product Developing Value Chain -Analyze production facilities for capacity given demand -Source rice, fish, sweet potato -Expand capacity for small fish production and community drying sites -Develop third-party transportation network
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Where to from here…
• Immediate plans:– Acceptability trial– Nutrient and shelf life analysis
• Future plans– Efficacy trial– Investigating options for distribution
Subsidized product through existing maternal and child health programs, safety net programmes
Market-based approach
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Where to from here…
• Improve the nutrient quality of ingredients:– High zinc rice (HarvestPlus)– Sweet potato variety (higher vitamin A, CIP)– Different fish species
• Modified as a supplement for pregnant and lactating women
• Modified to treat moderate and severe malnutrition
• Modified for use in school feeding programmes