session 3: corrective measures selection process: interim ... · 1995 – on-site dnapl recovery...
TRANSCRIPT
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SESSION 3SESSION 3
Corrective Measures Selection ProcessCorrective Measures Selection Process
INTERIM MEASURES AS THE FINAL REMEDYINTERIM MEASURES AS THE FINAL REMEDY
KoppersKoppers, Inc., Guthrie, KY, Inc., Guthrie, KY
James Smith – EPA Region 4
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Site History
� Wood Treating Plant Built by L&N Railroad (now CSX) in 1913 on 130 Acres
� 20 acres of process area for treatment of cross-ties
� 70 acres for storage of treated and untreated cross-ties
� 1958 - owned by Koppers Company
� 1990 - owned by Beazer East, Inc.
� Currently treat 600,000 cross-ties annually with coal tar creosote
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KOPPERS INC.
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Regulatory History
� RCRA Interim Status in 1980 for drum storage facility and spray evaporation
� Part B Permit Application in 1985
� 1987 RFA identified ten RFI SWMUs and six AOCs requiring confirmatory sampling
� 1987 Agreed Order with Kentucky to investigation and for interim measures
� Final Closure of two RCRA units in 1988 and 1989
� Post Closure and HSWA Permits issued in 1991
� Hazardous Waste Permit renewal in 2001
� HSWA corrective action management unit (CAMU) permit issued in 2003
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Waste Management History
� 1913 to mid-1970s Koppers operated in Series 7 unlined waste water lagoons (SWMU 12) with an outfall to Guthrie tributary
� Treatment building basement sump (SWMU 8) collected releases from the pressure cylinder and storage tanks
� Old surface impoundment (SWMU 14) collected runoff from drip track and tram draw out areas
� Swampy area (SWMU 6) received runoff from tank farm and former lagoon areas
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Historical Remedial Actions
� 1991 – Soil removal according to Subpart W RCRA regulations – Tram draw-out track (SWMU 1) and drip track area (SWMU 2) – 5,000
cubic yards of creosote-impacted soil removed – Surge Tank (SWMU 3) – 2,700 tons of impacted soil removed – Surge Tank and Collection Sump (SWMUs 4 and 5) – impacted soil
removed
� Old lagoon area (SWMU 12) – Sludges and creosote were removed in the mid-1970s and placed into two landfarms (SWMUs 16 and 18) that were bioremediated
� Spray evaporation pond (SWMU 13) – RCRA closed in 1989
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Corrective Action Investigations
� 1992 – RFI Work Plan
� 1995 – Addendum RFI Work Plan
� 1994-95 – Confirmatory Sampling Work Plan I & II and geophysical investigation confirmed releases from SWMUs and AOCs
� 1997-98 – RFI Report addressed RFI-recommended SWMUs and two AOCs, completed source area DNAPL delineation
� 1997 – RFI Report documented site-wide groundwater investigation, on-site DNAPL and dissolved phase COIs also delineated
� 1997 – Off-site groundwater partially investigated
� 1998 – Off-site sediment and ecological investigation of Guthrie tributary
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Corrective Action Investigations (cont.)
� 2000 – RFI Work Plan Phase II Report – on- and off-site sediment investigation, off-site groundwater investigation including 13 monitoring wells, treatment building investigation, DNAPL recovery testing in monitoring wells, off-site DNAPL investigation
� 2003 – Stream Characterization Work Plan-164 sediment samples over 7,600 feet of ditches and stream
� 2004 – Sediment pre-design investigation report to develop remedial approach for sediment interim measures work plan and forensic study to determine site contribution
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Interim Measures
� 1995 – On-site DNAPL recovery system and hydraulic containment of groundwater at the old lagoon area (SWMU 12), surface impoundment area (SMWU 14), swampy area (SWMU 6), and plant process area
� 2003 – Off-site pump and treatment system to recover DNAPL and dissolved phase COIs
� 2004 – AOC I interim measures groundwater intercept trench
� 2004 – Reach 2B interim measures intercept trench with phytoremediation barrier to collect groundwater from SWMU 12
� 2004 – Sediment removal from plant ditches and Guthrie tributary and disposal to CAMU
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Corrective Action Goals
� CA725 YE: Control plausible human exposures to on- and off-site soil and sediment
– Removal of soil and sediment from plant ditches and Guthrie tributary
� On-site cleanup goals for plant ditches to non-detect
� Off-site cleanup goals for Guthrie tributary
– Reach 2D – Source removal to two feet
– Reach 3 – Source removal to two feet and capping
– Reach 4 – Achieve EPA Region 9 Residential PRGs
� CA750 YE: Control migration of contaminated groundwater
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Final Remedy Selection
� Interim measures for sediment completed in November 2004
� Interim measures for on-site DNAPL recovery and groundwater gradient control
� Interim measures for off-site groundwater and DNAPL recovery
� Interim measures for AOC I
– mud track intercept trench completed in 2004
� Interim measures for SWMU 12
– Intercept trench and phytoremediation barrier completed 2004
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Construction Complete
� Statement of Basis incorporating all interim measures for soil/sediment and groundwater
� Site post-closure operation and maintenance for the CAMU and groundwater remediation systems
� Public notice
� Class III Modification of Kentucky’s Hazardous Waste Permit
� Construction Complete CA550
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Corrective Action for Soil/Sediments
� Remove soil/sediment from 2,400 feet of plant ditches
� Remove 1,650 feet of sediment from Reach 3 and 4 of Guthrie tributary
� Line ditches with rock to prevent erosion of substrate
� Cap 1,000 feet of sediment in Reach 3 with GCL to prevent migration of creosote to Guthrie tributary
� Landfill 9,600 cubic yards of remediation waste into CAMU
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PLANT DITCH 2A/2B SEDIMENT REMOVAL
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PLANT DITCH 2A RESTORATION
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DITCH 2A INTERCEPTOR TRENCH, COKE INFILTRATION GALLERY AND PHYTOREMEDIATION
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PLANT DITCH 2C
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GUTHRIE TRIBUTARY 2D
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BYPASS PUMPS AT REACH 2D
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REMEDIAL WASTE SOLIDIFICATION AREA
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GUTHRIE TRIBUTARY REACH 3 BEFORE SEDIMENT REMOVAL
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REACH 3 SEDIMENT REMOVAL
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CREOSOTE DNAPL REACH 3
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GCL CAP DNAPL BARRIER STREAM REACH 3
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STREAM REACH 3 RESTORATION
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CAMU LANDFILL KOPPERS INC.
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CAMU CAPACITY 12,500 CU/YDS
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CAMU DESIGN SCHEMATIC
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CAMU BERM CONSTRUCTION
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CAMU GEOSYNTHETIC CLAY BOTTOM LINER
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GCL BOTTOM LINER PLACED OVER TWO FEET OF CLAY
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ONE FOOT OF CLAY IS PLACED OVER GCL LINER
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REMEDIATION WASTE IS PLACED OVER CLAY
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CAMU WASTE MOUNDED AND CONTOURED BEFORE COMPOSITE CAP INSTALLATION
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CAMU CAP 40 MIL HDPE DOUBLE WELDED SEAMS
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GEOCOMPOSITE DRAINAGE LAYER AND LEACHATE DRAINAGE SYSTEM
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CAMU CAP COVER SOILS GRADED AND SEEDED