session 3 - olade · units fundamental and derived magnitudes • fundamental: basics.l, t, m, ec...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: SESSION 3 - OLADE · UNITS Fundamental and Derived Magnitudes • Fundamental: Basics.L, T, M, EC • Derived magnitudes: Combination of fundamentals.S, V, v, a 2 Units • Fundamental](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022510/5ad99b017f8b9a137f8c696c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
SESSION 3
Quito, ECUADOR
Gabriel HernándezCoordinator of Information
and Energy Statistics
![Page 2: SESSION 3 - OLADE · UNITS Fundamental and Derived Magnitudes • Fundamental: Basics.L, T, M, EC • Derived magnitudes: Combination of fundamentals.S, V, v, a 2 Units • Fundamental](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022510/5ad99b017f8b9a137f8c696c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Energy Measurement
• Magnitude: Quality of matter or events
UNITS
1
• Amount: The value of a magnitude
• Physical Unit: Pattern of measurement
![Page 3: SESSION 3 - OLADE · UNITS Fundamental and Derived Magnitudes • Fundamental: Basics.L, T, M, EC • Derived magnitudes: Combination of fundamentals.S, V, v, a 2 Units • Fundamental](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022510/5ad99b017f8b9a137f8c696c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
UNITSFundamental and Derived Magnitudes
• Fundamental: Basics. L, T, M, EC
• Derived magnitudes: Combination of fundamentals. S, V, v, a
2
Units
• Fundamental units: L → m, M → kg, T → s; EC → Ampere
• Derived units: s à m2, v -> m/s
• Dimensions equation: [S] = L2T
Lv =][
![Page 4: SESSION 3 - OLADE · UNITS Fundamental and Derived Magnitudes • Fundamental: Basics.L, T, M, EC • Derived magnitudes: Combination of fundamentals.S, V, v, a 2 Units • Fundamental](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022510/5ad99b017f8b9a137f8c696c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
UNITSHomogeneity of the Physical Formulas
3
System Units:
International SystemInternational System
It has been unified with the ISO 31
![Page 5: SESSION 3 - OLADE · UNITS Fundamental and Derived Magnitudes • Fundamental: Basics.L, T, M, EC • Derived magnitudes: Combination of fundamentals.S, V, v, a 2 Units • Fundamental](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022510/5ad99b017f8b9a137f8c696c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
UNITSInternational System of Units
Basic Units
Magnitude Name Symbol
Length meter m
Mass kilogram kg
4
Mass kilogram kg
Time second s
Electric current ampere A
Temperature kelvin K
Amount of substance mole mol
Luminous intensity candela cd
![Page 6: SESSION 3 - OLADE · UNITS Fundamental and Derived Magnitudes • Fundamental: Basics.L, T, M, EC • Derived magnitudes: Combination of fundamentals.S, V, v, a 2 Units • Fundamental](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022510/5ad99b017f8b9a137f8c696c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
UNITSInternational System of Units
Basic Units definition
Name Definition
Meter Distance traveled by light in a vacuum in 1/299,792,458 of a second.
Kilogram Mass of the international prototype of a kilogram.
Second The duration of 9,192,631,770 periods of the radiation corresponding to the
5
transition between the two hyperfine levels of the ground state of the cesium133 atom.
Ampere Intensity of a constant current which, if maintained in two straight parallelconductors of infinite length, of negligible circular cross-section, and placed 1meter apart in vacuum, would produce between these conductors a forceequal to 2 x 10-7 newton per meter of length.
Kelvin It is 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water.
Mol Quantity of matter equal to the number of atoms in 0.012 kg of carbon 12.
Candela Unit of light, in a given direction, from a source that emits monochromaticradiation of frequency of 540x1012 hertz and with an intensity equivalent to aradiant intensity of 1/683 watts per steradian.
![Page 7: SESSION 3 - OLADE · UNITS Fundamental and Derived Magnitudes • Fundamental: Basics.L, T, M, EC • Derived magnitudes: Combination of fundamentals.S, V, v, a 2 Units • Fundamental](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022510/5ad99b017f8b9a137f8c696c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
UNITSInternational System of Units
Derived Units
Magnitude Name Symbol
Area Square meter m2
6
Area Square meter m
Volume Cubic meter m3
Velocity Meter per second m/s
Acceleration Meter per second squared m/s2
Wave number Reciprocal meter m-1
Mass density Kilogram per cubic meter kg/m3
Angular velocity Radian per second rad/s
Angular acceleration Radian per second squared rad/s2
![Page 8: SESSION 3 - OLADE · UNITS Fundamental and Derived Magnitudes • Fundamental: Basics.L, T, M, EC • Derived magnitudes: Combination of fundamentals.S, V, v, a 2 Units • Fundamental](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022510/5ad99b017f8b9a137f8c696c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
UNITSInternational System of Units
Derived Units
Magnitude Name Symbol Expression in terms of other SI units
Expression in terms of SI base units
Frequency hertz Hz s-1
Force newton N m·kg·s-2
Pressure, stress pascal Pa N·m-2 m-1
·kg·s-2
7
Pressure, stress pascal Pa N·m-2 m-1
·kg·s-2
Energy, work, quantity of heat joule J N·m m2·kg·s
-2
Power watt W J/s M2.kg.s
-3
Electric charge, quantity of electricity
coulomb C J·s-1 s.A
Electric potential difference, electromotive force
volt V W/A M2.kg.s
-3.A
-1
Electric resistance ohm W V·A-1 m2·kg·s-3·A
-2
Capacitance farad F C·V-1 m-2
·kg-1·s4·A
2
Magnetic flux weber Wb V·s m2·kg·s
-2·A
-1
![Page 9: SESSION 3 - OLADE · UNITS Fundamental and Derived Magnitudes • Fundamental: Basics.L, T, M, EC • Derived magnitudes: Combination of fundamentals.S, V, v, a 2 Units • Fundamental](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022510/5ad99b017f8b9a137f8c696c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
UNITSSubmultiples and Multiples
Value Submultiple Symbol Value Multiple Symbol
10-18 atto a 10 deca da
10-15 femto f 102 hecto h
8
10-12 pico p 103 kilo k
10-9 nano n 106 mega M
10-6 micro u 109 giga G
10-3 mili m 1012 tera T
10-2 centi c 1015 peta P
10-1 deci d 1018 exa E
![Page 10: SESSION 3 - OLADE · UNITS Fundamental and Derived Magnitudes • Fundamental: Basics.L, T, M, EC • Derived magnitudes: Combination of fundamentals.S, V, v, a 2 Units • Fundamental](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022510/5ad99b017f8b9a137f8c696c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
International System of Units
Orthography rules of symbols
• Must be written as they are defined
UNITS
9
Meter: m no mt
Kilogram: kg no kgr
• There is no “s” added for plural
Meters: m no ms i.e: 1 m , 20 m
Kilograms: kg no kgs, i.e: 1 kg, 50 kg
![Page 11: SESSION 3 - OLADE · UNITS Fundamental and Derived Magnitudes • Fundamental: Basics.L, T, M, EC • Derived magnitudes: Combination of fundamentals.S, V, v, a 2 Units • Fundamental](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022510/5ad99b017f8b9a137f8c696c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
International System of Units
Orthography rules of symbols
UNITS
10
• Not followed by “.”
2 s no 2 s.
• There must be a space between the quantity and the unit
7 m no 7m
• The symbols are written in lowercase except for proper names derived
Second: s, meter: m, Ampere: A, Volt: V
![Page 12: SESSION 3 - OLADE · UNITS Fundamental and Derived Magnitudes • Fundamental: Basics.L, T, M, EC • Derived magnitudes: Combination of fundamentals.S, V, v, a 2 Units • Fundamental](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022510/5ad99b017f8b9a137f8c696c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
International System of Units
Orthography rules of symbols
• The prefixes in lower case except Mega onwards
UNITS
11
Deciampere: dA Mega ampere: MA
• An exponential affect the symbol and the prefix
Meters: m no ms i.e: 1 m , 20 m
Km2=(km)2 <>k(m2)
![Page 13: SESSION 3 - OLADE · UNITS Fundamental and Derived Magnitudes • Fundamental: Basics.L, T, M, EC • Derived magnitudes: Combination of fundamentals.S, V, v, a 2 Units • Fundamental](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022510/5ad99b017f8b9a137f8c696c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
UNITSOther Unit Systems
Magnitude Absolute System Technical System
SI - M.K.S C.G.S F.P.S European English
Length m cm foot m footMass Kg g lb UTM slugTime s s s s sTemperature ºK ºC ºF ºR
12
Temperature ºK ºC ºF ºRLuminous Intensity cd Electricity Current AAmount of substance mol Force N = Kg.m/s
2Dina = g.cm/s
2Poundal = lb.foot/s
2kg.f lb.f
Velocity m/s cm/s foot/s m/s foot/sAcceleration m/s
2cm/s
2foot/s
2m/s
2foot/s
2
Work or Energy J = N.m ergio = dina.cm poundal.foot kg.f.m lb.f.footPower W = J/s ergio/s poundal.foot/s kg.f.m/s lb.f.foot/sPressure Pa = N/m
2dina/cm
2poundal/foot
2
![Page 14: SESSION 3 - OLADE · UNITS Fundamental and Derived Magnitudes • Fundamental: Basics.L, T, M, EC • Derived magnitudes: Combination of fundamentals.S, V, v, a 2 Units • Fundamental](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022510/5ad99b017f8b9a137f8c696c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Conversion Factors and Calorific Values
Conversion Factor
Mathematical expression to change the units of measurement of a quantity.
UNITS
13
Fraction indicates the number of units of a size equivalent to another unit of the same magnitude.
A conversion factor always represents the unit.
sm
XCFCFhkm
=×× 2190 sm
sh
kmm
hkm
2536001
11000
90 =
×
×
XmCFkm =×90 mkmm
km 9000011000
90 =
×
![Page 15: SESSION 3 - OLADE · UNITS Fundamental and Derived Magnitudes • Fundamental: Basics.L, T, M, EC • Derived magnitudes: Combination of fundamentals.S, V, v, a 2 Units • Fundamental](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022510/5ad99b017f8b9a137f8c696c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
UNITSConversion Factors and Calorific Values
Calorific Values
Heat produced by complete combustion of a unit mass of a substance.
14
Lower Calorific Value: Does not include the condensation energy.Upper Calorific Value: Includes the condensation energy.Calorific Value: is a property of the fuels.
[ ]kgJ
ME
cv ;=
![Page 16: SESSION 3 - OLADE · UNITS Fundamental and Derived Magnitudes • Fundamental: Basics.L, T, M, EC • Derived magnitudes: Combination of fundamentals.S, V, v, a 2 Units • Fundamental](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022510/5ad99b017f8b9a137f8c696c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
UNITSConversion Factors and Calorific Values
Calorific Values
[ ] [ ] Epcm ][=×
15
[ ] [ ]
MJkgMJ
gasolinekg
smkg
skgmkg
kg
EME
M
Epcm
4545
)(1
...
][
][
2
2
2
2
=×
=×
=×
=×
![Page 17: SESSION 3 - OLADE · UNITS Fundamental and Derived Magnitudes • Fundamental: Basics.L, T, M, EC • Derived magnitudes: Combination of fundamentals.S, V, v, a 2 Units • Fundamental](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022510/5ad99b017f8b9a137f8c696c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
UNITS
Conversion Factors and Calorific Values
VOLUME
1 bbl 5.614583 Cubic feet
16
1 bbl 5.614583 Cubic feet
42 American gallons
158.98 liters
0.15898 Cubic meters
1 cubic meter 1000 liters
1 liter 1 Cubic decimeter
![Page 18: SESSION 3 - OLADE · UNITS Fundamental and Derived Magnitudes • Fundamental: Basics.L, T, M, EC • Derived magnitudes: Combination of fundamentals.S, V, v, a 2 Units • Fundamental](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022510/5ad99b017f8b9a137f8c696c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Conversion Factors and Calorific Values
UNITS
Density t/m3
LPG 0.55
Gasoline 0.75
Kerosene 0.82
17
VOLUMEN
1 cubic meter 35.3147 Cubic feet
6.2898 Barrels
264.172 American gallons
1000 liters
Kerosene 0.82
Diesel oil 0.88
Fuel oil 0.94
Crude Oil 0.8729
![Page 19: SESSION 3 - OLADE · UNITS Fundamental and Derived Magnitudes • Fundamental: Basics.L, T, M, EC • Derived magnitudes: Combination of fundamentals.S, V, v, a 2 Units • Fundamental](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022510/5ad99b017f8b9a137f8c696c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Conversion Factors and Calorific Values
UNITS
Mass1 ton 1000 kilograms
2204.62 pounds1.10231 short ton
18
1.10231 short ton0.98421 long ton
ENERGY1 boe 0.13878 toe1 toe 7.2056 boe
1 kboe 6 terajoules1 toe 10(7) kcal
1 kboe 1.3878 teracalories
![Page 20: SESSION 3 - OLADE · UNITS Fundamental and Derived Magnitudes • Fundamental: Basics.L, T, M, EC • Derived magnitudes: Combination of fundamentals.S, V, v, a 2 Units • Fundamental](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022510/5ad99b017f8b9a137f8c696c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
UNITSConversion Factors and Calorific Values
CALORIFIC VALUES boe
1 bbl Crude oil 1.0015
1 bbl Gasoline 0.8934
1 bbl Diesel oil 1.0015
1 bbl Heavy fuels 1.0304
1 bbl LPG 0.6701
19
1 bbl LPG 0.6701
1 bbl Kerosene 0.9583
1000 m3 Natural Gas 5.9806
1 GWh Hydro /Geo Electricity 0.6196
1 ton Firewood 2.594
1 ton Charcoal 4.9718
1 ton Coal 5.0439
1 ton Coal Coke 4.8998
1 kilo Uranium 71.2777
1 bbl Alcohol 0.598
1 ton Bagasse 1.3114
![Page 21: SESSION 3 - OLADE · UNITS Fundamental and Derived Magnitudes • Fundamental: Basics.L, T, M, EC • Derived magnitudes: Combination of fundamentals.S, V, v, a 2 Units • Fundamental](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022510/5ad99b017f8b9a137f8c696c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Energy is the capacity to do work
HOW TO MEASURE ENERGY
F
La b
20
Force
La b
aKF ×= 1mKF ×= 2
amF ×=
2/][ −=== MLTTTML
TvM
F
kilopondkgfsm
kgMKS ==2:
21::sm
kgNSI
![Page 22: SESSION 3 - OLADE · UNITS Fundamental and Derived Magnitudes • Fundamental: Basics.L, T, M, EC • Derived magnitudes: Combination of fundamentals.S, V, v, a 2 Units • Fundamental](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022510/5ad99b017f8b9a137f8c696c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Work
HOW TO MEASURE ENERGY
dFW ×=
[ ] 2
2.smkg
mNJ =×=
21
HeatThe heat absorbed or evolved from a body is proportional to its mass and temperature variation.
TmcQ ∆××=
[ ]kgKJ
c.
=
JKkgKkgJ
Q =××=.
![Page 23: SESSION 3 - OLADE · UNITS Fundamental and Derived Magnitudes • Fundamental: Basics.L, T, M, EC • Derived magnitudes: Combination of fundamentals.S, V, v, a 2 Units • Fundamental](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022510/5ad99b017f8b9a137f8c696c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Engine
POWER
TW
P∆
=][
22
[ ] VatiosJ
ssmkg
P === /.2
2
hkWTPkWhhkW 11. ×=×==
![Page 24: SESSION 3 - OLADE · UNITS Fundamental and Derived Magnitudes • Fundamental: Basics.L, T, M, EC • Derived magnitudes: Combination of fundamentals.S, V, v, a 2 Units • Fundamental](https://reader031.vdocument.in/reader031/viewer/2022022510/5ad99b017f8b9a137f8c696c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
THANK YOU!!
23
Quito-Ecuador
www.olade.org