session 3.6 can pes steer sustainable mgt of of forest patches
TRANSCRIPT
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Can Payments for Ecosystem Services Steer Sustainable Management of Forest Patches in an Agricultural Landscape? Valuing Environmental Services for PES
Nasta Babirye, Sara Namirembe and Byamukama Biryahwaho
11 t h February, 2014
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Outline
1. Introduction
2. Analysis
3. Conclusions
4. PES for small tree farmers
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1. Introduction
Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES): Economic incentives to land users for
continued supply of environmental services (ES)
Sufficient PES incentive levels are needed to motivate land owners
Aim To examine the practicability of PES levels to
sustain small forest owners’ implementation of PES interventions.
Analysis of PES compensation PES level by project Opportunity cost Carbon market price
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Project “Developing an Experimental Methodology for Testing the Effectiveness of PES to Enhance Conservation in Productive Landscapes in Uganda”
Location Hoima and Kibaale districts, Albertine
Rift, Western Uganda.
Partners Global Environmental Facility. National Environment Management
Authority (Uganda) and local partners
kibaale
2. Analysis
a. Project PES compensation
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2a. Project Compensation cont.
Project approach Private natural forest owners (PFOs)
Pays PFOs US$33ha-1yr-1
Prior to PESA. Cultivation on forest landB. Unregulated forest product harvesting
PES InterventionsA. Regulated forest product harvesting B. ReforestationC. Additional activities:
Enrichment planting Silvicultural practices
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2a. Project Compensation cont.
Higher NPV/ha/yr (US$140) obtained before than under PES scheme (US$ 71 for relatively intact [RI] and US$55.2 ha-1yr-1 degraded forests).
Low compensation
Fixed payments
Affordable to ES buyers but unjustifiable to ES producers
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2b. Opportunity cost
Minimum PES compensation to break even: $104.4 for RI and US$124.5/ha/yr for degraded forests, on
regulating forest product harvesting
US$122.3/ha/yr for replanting trees in cultivated forest areas.
Project compensation (US$33/ha/yr) unable to compensate smallest opportunity cost
Opportunity cost is fairer.
Compensating bare minimum opportunity cost is un realistic
Difficult to attain
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2c. Market price
Carbon market price range is S$4 - 20/tCO2/yr in East Africa
Corresponding financial worth of study forests = US$20.4 - 100.4/ha/yr. (net creditable carbon benefit = 5.2 tCO2/ha/yr)
Smaller payment than project or opportunity cost compensation.
Economically acceptable
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Imbalanced understanding of PES market dynamics.
Complex ecosystems, un specified and bundled ES.
Small forests to generate reasonable continuously ES units. Total worth per average forest (average forest size
is 1.15ha per land owner) = US$23.5 – 115.5/yr.
Costly to operate under individual PES contracts.
2c. Market price cont.
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3. Conclusions
Project PES incentive payment provides insufficient incentives to forests owners.
Generally, PES Incentive levels (study project, minimum opportunity cost and market prices) are too low to sustain land owners’ participation.
Need for higher, realistic and fair incentive levels.
Buyers are unwilling to pay more.
PES schemes are more expensive to operate under individual PES contracts for small forest owners farmers.
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5. How can PES work for small forest owners?
Group/collective contracts
Market intervention
Holistic and integrative strategies
Agricultural intensification
Diversify livelihoods
Partnering into broader government programs.
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Thank you