session 6 leaving new jersey for new york and beyond vagabonds & sojourners tramping the...
TRANSCRIPT
Session 6
Leaving New Jersey for New York and Beyond
Vagabonds & Sojourners Tramping the Appalachians
But first, Geology in the News
3.9 in 2008 depth 15,000’
4.8 in 2011 depth 10,000’
Earthquake South of San Antonio
Earthquakes Oct, 20, 2011 & 2008 depths 9,820 & 15,000 feet
Next, the quake in Turkey
Turkey Oct. 23, 2011. Earthquake 7.2
East of Lake Van
Lake Van (Turkish: Van Gölü, Armenian: Վանա լիճ Vana lich or Vana Lij, Kurdish: Gola Wanê[3][4][5] ) is the largest lake in Turkey, located in the far east of the country in Van district. It is a saline and soda lake, receiving water from numerous small streams that descend from the surrounding mountains. Lake Van is one of the world's largest endorheic lakes (having no outlet). The original outlet from the basin was blocked by an ancient volcanic eruption.
The lake's outlet was blocked at some time during the Pleistocene, when lava flows from Nemrut volcano blocked westward outflow towards the Muş Plain. Now dormant, Nemrut Dağı is close to the western shore of the lake, and another dormant stratovolcano, Süphan Dağı dominates the northern side of the lake
Out of New Jersey and into New York
The Graden State Parkway
Leaving Ocean CityUp the Garden State Parkway to IH-80
IH-80 to the GW Bridgeup NJ 9W on the top of the
Palisades black lava ridge to NY StateThe George Washington Bridge
Out of New Jersey and into New York
New Jersey
New YorkH
ud
son
Riv
er
George Washington Bridge
Heading for New York state on the top of the Palisades black diabase cliff
NJ 9-W going north
Palisades black diabase cliff
Hudson River
Driving North on d-W we leave the lava cliff for the glaciated red beds,Leave New Jersey, and enter New York and pass through Orangeburg.
Remember, the lava rocks of New Jersey
New Jersey
New York
Hudson River
Triassic re
d beds &
black la
vasNew JerseyOrangeburg, NY
What’s interesting about Orangeburg?
George Washington Bridge
Orangeburg, NY: Camp Shanks and Shanks Village
Camp Shanks: NY WW II port of embarkation
Shanks Village: NYC Veterans Housing
Hudson River
Palisades black lava ridge
Glaciated Triassic red beds
“Shanks Village”Today
The geology of south east New York state
New Jersey
New York
Connecticut
Triassic re
d beds &
black la
vas
The Great Valley
New Jersey Highlands
(Blue Ridge Mountains)
Teco
nic M
ou
ntain
s
The geology of south east New York state
Focus on the Hudson River
focus
Triassic re
d beds &
black la
vas
Hudson River
Notice how wide the Hudson River is here
And narrow here
The wide Hudson called the Tappan Zee
Let’s take a side trip to Connecticut across the Tappan Zee Bridge
Triassic black lava ridge
Hudson River (Tappan Zee)
Glaciated metamorphic & igneous rocks of the Teconic “Mountains”
Tappan Zee Brid
ge
Tappan Zee Bridge looking toward Connecticut
Heading for the Merritt Parkway and New Canaan, Conn
NJ New York
ConnMerritt Parkway
New Canaan, CT
Tappan ZeeBridge
The Merritt Parkway, Connecticut
The Merritt Parkway, opened in 1938
The Merritt Parkway, the Oldest Parkway in the United States
What’s geologically interesting in New Canaan?
Glacial Deposits: Connecticut
Glacial sand & mud crowning the hill top
New Canaan, Village Center
Glacial sand & mud crowning the hill top
How might we get river deposits on hill tops?
New Canaan, Village Center
Taconic Mountain igneous rocks before last glaciation
Ice filled valleys Ice filled valleys
Glacial ice; last ice ageGlacial outwash Sand & gravel from melting glacier to the northGlacial outwash now being removed by erosion
A local example of glacial age stream deposits on the top of hills: Williamson & Travis Counties
Pilot KnobPilot Knob volcanovolcanoWho has a house built on the glacial outwash
in New Canaan?
Gage stream deposits on hill tops:Williamson & Travis Counties
Sandi’s home for her high school senior year
Should you go to New Canaan
Now up the Hudson River Valley
http://www.priweb.org/ed/TFGuide/NE/topo/topo_files2/topo_pdfs/ne_topo2.pdf
Conn
New York State
Triassic red beds & black lavas
Blue
Ridge
/Tec
toni
c m
ount
ains
Gre
at V
alle
y
Our route: out of Conn into NY at West Point & on up to Vermont
Hudson River
New Canaan
West Point
New Jersey
New York
ConnecticutTriassic red beds &
black basalt lavas
Great Valle
y
“Blue Ridge” Mountains
Taco
nic an
d o
lder n
etamo
rph
ic rocks
Gre
at V
alle
y
“Blue Ridge” Mountains
Storm King State Park
West Point
West Point & the Hudson River up close
Storm King State Park
Note: as we leave New Jersey,
the Hudson Highlands (Blue Ridge) terminates into the Taconic Mountains
after crossing the Hudson at West Point
The narrow Great Valley of New Jersey spreadsout in New York along the Hudson River
Why the direction change of the“Blue Ridge” and Taconic mountains?
The Appalachian Mountains through geologic time
Location of New Jersey
Ord
ovici
an G
eosy
nclin
e
12,0
00+
feet
thic
k
Ord
ovici
an G
eosy
nclin
e
6,00
0+ fe
et th
ick450 million years ago,
end Ordovician time
Cambrian Geosyncline 12,000+ feet thick
Taconic mountains
Location of New Jersey
350 million years ago, Devonian time
Dev
onia
n ge
osyn
clin
e
Devonian geosyncline crushed & melted by Acadian mountain building
These mountainsare the piedmont
The Appalachian Mountains through geologic time
Location of New Jersey
350 million years ago, Devonian time
The Appalachian Mountains through geologic time
Acadian Mountains (Piedmont?)
25 million years later
Location of New Jersey
325 million years ago, Mississippian time
The Appalachian Mountains through geologic time
Deposition off theAcadian Mountains
Location of New Jersey
325 million years ago, Mississippian time
The Appalachian Mountains through geologic time
Africa moving toward North America
25 million years later
Location of New Jersey
300 million years ago, Pennsylvanian time
The Appalachian Mountains through geologic time
Beginning of Appalachian Geosyncline
Location of New Jersey
300 million years ago, Pennsylvanian time
The Appalachian Mountains through geologic time
Appalachian mountain buildinggeosyncline crushed & melted bycollision with Africa & South America
50 million years later
Location of New Jersey
250 million years ago, Permian time
The Appalachian Mountains through geologic time
Appalachian mountain buildinggeosyncline crushed & melted by?
Location of New Jersey
250 million years ago, Permian time
The Appalachian Mountains through geologic time
Appalachian mountain buildinggeosyncline crushed & melted by?
50 million years later
Location of New Jersey
200 million years ago, Triassic time
The Appalachian Mountains through geologic time
Triassic red beds & black lavas
A brief summary
What might we remember about thegeologic history of the Appalachians
1. Appalachian mountain were createdfrom geosynclinal deposits as threemountain building episodes overa period of about 250 million years
2. The Taconic mountains were formed first from a thick, narrow a geosyncline extending from New England into
the Canadian Maritime Provinces
3. The Acadian mountains appear to account for the Piedmont province of the central & southern Appalachians
Back to our drive north up the Hudson Valley
Hudson River
“Blu
e Rid
ge” Mounta
ins
Gre
at V
alle
y
Driving north from West Point
West Point
Valley and R
idge
Catskill Delta
Red beds
Gre
at V
alle
y
Remember: everything we encounter from here north will be glaciatedLet’s look at the big picture
CatskillDelta
Area of last slide
Catskill Red Bed Delta, 350 million years old
Acadian Mountain
Catskill red bed delta
Catskill Delta
CatskillDelta
Area of this slide
Valley and R
idge
Catskill Delta
Red beds
Gre
at V
alle
y
What’s interesting near New Paltz, NY
New Paltz
Mohonk Mountain House
Gre
at V
alle
y p
rovi
nce
Val
ley
& R
idge
pro
vinc
e
Moho
nk Rid
ge
Mohonk Ridge
Catskill Delta red beds
Mohonk Mountain Lodge
Back to the Hudson River valley
Catskill red bed delta
Valley & Ridge
Tac
on
ic M
ou
nta
ins
Hu
dso
n V
alle
y (G
reat
Val
ley)
Geologic Cross Section
Valley & Ridge
Catskills
TaconicMountains
Hudson River Valley
Another View
Catskill red bed delta TaconicMountains
Easily eroded Devonian Hudson Valley limestones and shales
Marcellus gas shale at the surface
Marcellus Outcrops: Black
Back to the Hudson Valley
Catskill red bed delta
TaconicMountains
Easily eroded Devonian Hudson Valley limestones and shales. (Great Valley)
Mohawk RiverValley
Mohawk River & the Erie Canal
The Canal and the rocks of New York
Niagara Falls
Resistant Niagara Limestone ridge creating the falls
Creation of the Finger Lakes
Glacial still-stand during melting
Glacial lake Chautauqua
glacier
Lake Chautauqua up close
Chautauqua Institute
Leaving Lake Chautauqua for Albany on theNew York Throughway and on to Vermont of NY 4
Leaving Lake Chautauqua for Albany on theNew York Throughway and on to Vermont of NY 4
What natural resources are in New York State?
No iron, coal, or oil in or near the Hudson River valley
1 billion year old Adirondack dome
No iron, coal, or oil in or near the Mohawk River or Erie Canal
What geology do we find going north from Albany into Vermont?
Appalac
hian T
rend
Focus area
Vermont
A closer look
VermontAlbany
Can you find the geological provinces we have visitedfrom New Jersey to Vermont?
New Jersey
Let’s look at a cross section here
Where did the Taconic Mountains of Vermont come from?
Vermont Vermont
Taconic MountainsBefore westward thrusting
Taconic Mountains today
Westward Thrusting of the Taconic Mountains
MiddleburySynclinorium
Driving into Vermont
Rutland
Killington
MiddleburyN
ew Y
ork
Ver
mo
nt
1 b
illio
n y
ear
old
Ad
iro
nd
ack
Mo
un
tain
s Green
Mo
un
tains
Mid
dle
bu
ry S
yclin
ori
um
Taconic Overthrust
Killington Ski Resort
Fighting the New England Boiler Plate
Complex Structures of the Middlebury Synclinorium
Middlebury College
Middlebury Synclinorium
Taconic overthrust
Green Mountains
Green Mountains
Middlebury College